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Is the closure of nonessential offices of the government due to lack of approval on the federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year.

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The senate wasn't able to get the 60 votes it needed to extend spending till February 16, 2018

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DACA and health insurance (medicare and medicaid)

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Many dreamers and immigrants will lose the right to stay in the U.S and be deported. Also millions of Americans can lose their health care.

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The shutdown will end when the two parties come to an agreement on what to fund that will benefit the American people the most.

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1. Agriculture - 40 percent of 95,383 workers. Farmers can't get loans processed. March food stamps could be cut.

2. Commerce - 87 percent of 47,896 workers. Reports from the Bureau of Economic Analysis are delayed.

3. Homeland Security - 13 percent of 232,860 workers. Companies can't verify a worker's immigration status.

4. Housing and Urban Development - 95 percent of 7,497 workers. Rental assistance for the elderly and disabled is delayed.

5. Interior - 78 percent of 68,469 workers. National Park maintenance has decreased. The Environmental Protection Agency would furlough 95 percent of 13,872 workers. It used reserve funds through December 28.

Democrats rejected the deal for three reasons. First, the courts already upheld DACA. Second, Trump is offering temporary protection in return for a permanent wall. Third, Democrats want the government reopened before negotiations begin.

The Democrat-controlled House will vote by January 25, 2019 to add $1 billion in additional border security funding. It targets ports of entry, advanced technology for scanning vehicles for drugs, and more immigration judges.

The Republican-controlled Senate is submitting a budget that contains wall funding. It adds $7.3 billion for additional border patrol and increased detention facilities. It adds $12.7 billion in disaster aid.

Erecting a wall on the rest of the border would stop 144,000 immigrants. It would raise incomes of low-skilled workers by 58 cents a year. It would cost $15 per American to build the wall.

But the wall would hurt the economy overall. Incomes of higher-skilled workers would fall by $7.60 a year. The U.S. economy would lose more than $4 billion a year. The same thing happened with the existing wall. Workers with college degrees lost $4.35 annually. As a result, the economy declined by $2.5 billion.

The conservative Heritage Foundation says the money would be better spent on technology and agents to prevent illegal crossings. It advocates more enforcement to apprehend immigrants who overstay their visas.

On January 22, Congress ended the shutdown. It passed a continuing resolution that expired at midnight on February 8, 2018. Republicans promised to work with Democrats on DACA legislation.

On February 9, the government shut down again, this time for five and a half hours. Senator Rand Paul objected to the bipartisan two-year spending bill. It added more than $300 billion to the debt.

Border Protection and Immigration, air traffic controls, and the Transportation Security Administration remain open. The Justice Department remains open, but gun permits are not be issued during a shutdown. The Postal Service has a separate source of funds, so mail continues to be delivered.

Here are the major departments that shut down:

Commerce, except National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Education.

Energy. Functions that oversee the safety of the nation's nuclear arsenal, dams, and transmission lines remain open.

Environmental Protection Agency.

Food and Drug Administration.

Health and Human Services.

Housing and Urban Development.

Interior, including National Parks.

Internal Revenue Service, except those processing tax returns.

Labor, including Bureau of Labor Statistics.

National Institute of Health.

Smithsonian.

Here are examples of when the federal government either shut down or narrowly avoided one.

2017. The government avoided a shutdown on April 28, 2017. That's when the continuing resolution, passed on September 30, 2016, expired. Congress hadn't allocated funds for the FY 2017 budget, which covered October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. The continuing resolution funded the government during the 2016 presidential election and transition. The Senate and House approved the spending bill on May 1, 2017. It appropriated $1.1 trillion in spending.

Many Republicans oppose the border wall. Those from California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas face the most consequences. They say the wall won't work, especially without added security forces. Others worry about the impact on the environment in their states.

Democrats also oppose the wall. They would prefer to use the funds to keep Obamacare subsidies and the other domestic spending programs. They want to increase programs for opioid addiction and health care for coal miners.

For the continuing resolution to pass, the Trump administration withdrew its request for border wall funding. It also agreed to continue providing Obamacare subsidies.

2013. The government shutdown began on October 1, 2013. The Republican-controlled House submitted a continuing resolution without administrative funds for Obamacare. The Senate rejected the bill and sent one back that included Obamacare. The House ignored that bill. It sent one back that delayed the mandate that everyone should buy health insurance. It also deleted the subsidies for Congress and their staffers. The Senate ignored that bill and the government shut down.

Here's what happened each day of the shutdown:

October 1. TV news highlight how veterans can't visit the WWII Memorial and cancer patients can't take advantage of treatment trials at the National Institute of Health.

October 2. Republicans submit a funding bill that delays Obamacare for a year.

October 3. Obama calls on the House to vote on the Senate's continuing resolution.

October 4. Boehner considers negotiating a budget proposal that will fund the government and raise the debt ceiling. At the same time, he calls on the Senate to negotiate on Obamacare.

October 5. The secretary of Defense calls back furloughed civilian workers.

October 6. The House passes a bill to reimburse furloughed federal employees, even though they aren't working. But no one gets paid until a funding resolution is passed.

October 7. Boehner won't fund the government or raise the debt ceiling unless Democrats agree to cut Medicare, Medicaid, and Obamacare. These mandatory programs aren't even part of the discretionary budget that is shut down.

October 8. House Republicans propose a "Supercommittee" to negotiate a budget acceptable to both parties. But House Democrats want the shutdown ended and the debt ceiling raised before establishing such a committee. In addition, Senate Democrats might propose a stand-alone bill to raise the debt ceiling.

October 9. House Democrats meet with Boehner before meeting with Obama.

October 10. Boehner and a team of House Republicans meet with Obama. They proposed raising the debt ceiling for six weeks to allow time to negotiate.

October 11. House Republicans put together a budget in exchange for raising the debt ceiling for six weeks and reopening the government.

October 12. Talks between Boehner and Obama break down. The Senate creates a plan to force the House to an agreement, as it did during the 2011 debt ceiling crisis and the fiscal cliff crisis.

October 13. Senate bilateral negotiations continue. Republicans want to extend the debt ceiling for three months, fund the government at current levels for six months, establish a bipartisan Congressional committee to agree on spending cuts to Medicare, delay Obamacare's tax on medical devices for two years, and give agencies more leeway in implementing sequestration.

October 14. Senate Democrats want to increase spending by $70 billion on the sequestration cuts that hit in January. They want the debt ceiling raised for a year. Republicans want cuts in Medicare and Obamacare and a three- to six-month extension of the debt ceiling.

October 15. The House submits its own plan, which has thrown a wrench into the Senate's negotiations. Neither side of Congress will accept the other's proposal.

October 16. The House plan didn't get the support of Tea Party Republicans, so it was dropped. Speaker Boehner put the Senate plan to a vote, where it passed through Democrat and moderate Republican votes. The president signed it Wednesday night.

October 17. The bill raised the debt ceiling until February 7, 2014, and reopened the federal government until January 15, 2014. It set up a budget conference committee, led by Senate Budget Chairwoman Patty Murray, D-Wash, and House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan, R-Wisc, to submit a unified budget to the president by December 15, 2013.

The Obama administration reported the shutdown slowed economic growth by 0.2 percent to 0.6 percent. It also cost 120,000 jobs. The government was unable to issue certificates for ships carrying U.S. exports and 200 drilling permits were delayed. Around 850,000 federal employees were furloughed each day.

Republicans gave up an earlier proposal of $61 billion in cuts in non-defense discretionary spending, including cuts to Planned Parenthood. This also allowed Obamacare and the Dodd-Frank Bank Reform Act to remain unscathed. Their cuts would have cost 800,000 jobs. Democrats gave up on $1.7 billion in cuts to defense.

1995. The government shut down twice: November 13 to November 19, 1995, and December 5, 1995, to January 6, 1996. Republican Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich won the Republican Party's 1994 Contract with America. It promised to slash funding and introduce a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution.

But no such amendment passed, so Gingrich went after Democratic President Bill Clinton's FY 1996 budget. He demanded steep cuts in Medicare, Medicaid, and other non-defense discretionary spending in return for raising the debt ceiling. To keep the United States from defaulting, a continuing resolution bill was passed until November 13. When no budget deal was reached, the government shut down until both sides agreed to balance the budget in seven years.

But they couldn't agree on which budget items would be cut by the time the resolution ended. The government shut down on December 15. By January 1996, both sides negotiated an agreement that cut some spending and raised some taxes, balancing the budget over the next seven years.

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Why the Government Shut Down and What Happens Next

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Agriculture - 40 percent of 95,383 workers. Farmers can't get loans processed. March food stamps could be cut. Commerce - 87 percent of 47,896 workers. Reports from the Bureau of Economic Analysis are delayed. Homeland Security - 13 percent of 232,860 workers. Companies can't verify a worker's immigration status.

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Beginning of Government shutdown- January 20, 2018
End of Government shutdown- January 23, 2018