# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Homepage: Vision Statement

We are an Africa-based global conservation organization protecting wildlife and their habitats as essential parts of a modern and prosperous Africa. We articulate a unique vision of African-led conservation, focusing on solutions that create opportunity for people - not at the expense of wildlife and their habitats, but because of them.

Thank a ranger

The rangers we work with are voices for wildlife, habitat protectors, community leaders, and custodians of our shared future. Have you thanked a ranger yet?

Under the parabola of wildlife conservation in the Mid Zambezi Valley landscape, which houses a UNESCO World Heritage Site- Mana Pools National Park, and key iconic species like elephants, leopards, c... Read more

AWF Homepage Redesign: Mission

We're working to ensure wildlife and wild lands thrive in modern Africa.

Our multi-faceted approach ensures conservation strategies work for wildlife and people.

Webform: Homepage: Donate Form

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We're working to ensure wildlife and wild lands thrive in modern Africa. Our multi-faceted approach ensures conservation strategies work for wildlife and people.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Questionnaire 1st Day Questionnaire ​ Voting - 2020 Presidential Candidates (how they stand on issues) PURPOSE GAMES M.E. Phys. Feat. - Matching Game M.E. Phys Feat. Matching Game2 Middle East Map...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Via @Water - how one family in Ethiopia overcame waterborne illness and disease

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
clean water for families in Ethiopia prevents malaria, typhoid, disease

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Realizing Children's Rights in Chad

Although Chad has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, implementing them has proven to be very problematic. The majority of Chad's population does not respect the rights of children. The growth of young children in Chad is therefore greatly affected.

Main problems faced by children in Chad:
Poverty
Chad, a crossing point between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, is one of the poorest countries in the world.

Thus, poverty, which affects a vast majority of young Chadians, has serious repercussions on their access to a healthy diet, adequate financial resources, healthcare, etc.
Health
In Chad, the mortality rate of children under five is very worrisome. In fact, due to the lack of sanitation, drinking water and healthcare in rural areas, 209 children out of 1000 die every year.

Likewise, malnutrition is also worrisome. Due to a poor diet, many children suffer from significant growth retardation.
Education
The population of Chad is so disparate that Children's Rights to education are compromised. In addition, parents are often reluctant to send their children to school. Only a small percentage of children in Chad are schooled.

Although education in Chad is mandatory, only some children, especially boys, carry on learning after primary school. Gender equality and equality between urban and rural areas is therefore still a problem in the country.
Freedom of opinion and expression
In cases of adoption and divorce, Chadian children generally have the legal right to express their opinions. However, they are not able to do this at home. In fact, within the family, children are not yet considered as subjects of law. Parents and legal guardians therefore often make decisions on their behalf.
Child abuse
Some children are still subjected to violence within their family. However, this is allowed according to Chadian tradition.

In addition, children are often abused at school, during detention, in the street, etc. Unfortunately violence is very common in Chad, and children are often the victims.
Child marriages
The marriage of young girls is still a common practice in Chad, as the age of majority is set differently within various documents. From a legal point of view, civil majority is reached at 21 years and the legal age of marriage is set at 15 years for girls and 18 years for boys. However in customary law, the age of marriage is implicitly set at 13 years, which goes against the International Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Child marriages have a negative impact on their health, development and rights. Girls who are married early are limited in their social interactions, as they drop out of school. They risk early pregnancy, which can be dangerous to both themselves and their child.
Street children
The number of Chadian children that wander and live on the streets is constantly increasing and this is mainly due to the very unstable financial situation in Chad. Their rights to accommodation, health, education and nutrition are often violated.

In addition, playing in the streets poses many risks: economic and sexual exploitation, health problems, malnutrition, etc. As they are uneducated, they have virtually no chance of finding a job and of permanently leaving the streets.
Child labour
In Chad, the minimum age for employment is 14 years. However, due to economic difficulties, many families are often forced to make their children work.

As they are uneducated, they work in very harsh conditions - long hours, low pay, no food, etc. In addition, they incur the risks associated with prostitution, discrimination, abuse, etc.
Child soldiers
Armed groups and forces to the East of the country use children, especially boys. They are recruited as fighters or associated with Chadian or Sudanese opposition groups or the Chadian army. These children have been kidnapped or are used as revenge for the death of a loved one. Others even see the army as a way out of poverty.

Although recruiting child soldiers is condemned by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, Chad continues to use them in armed conflicts. Demobilising them and reinserting them into civil society is often very difficult, especially because of a lack of political commitment from the government, a lack of resources and continuing unrest.
Justice of minors
In Chad, the deprivation of liberty may begin early in the investigation. However, in the majority of cases, delinquent children are often entrusted to their parents.

However, if parents are not present, young people are imprisoned with adults; there is a lack of adequate space in which to accommodate the minors.
Child trafficking
In Chad, the phenomenon of "herdsmen" persists: children from rural areas, generally tribal, are recruited to guard the herds of wealthy Arab herders.

Child herdsmen incur many risks by working in this field: loss of identity, lack of schooling, disease, etc. Therefore, this practice is perceived by international and non-governmental organisations as a new form of slavery, which is strongly condemned.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Although Chad has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, implementing them has proven to be very problematic. The majority of Chad's population does not respect the rights of children. The growth of young children in Chad is therefore greatly affected.

# data[].attributes.headline
Hazards experienced by children harvesting cocoa in western Ghana

# data[].attributes.subject
Hazards experienced by children harvesting cocoa in western Ghana

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Ergonomic issues

Children and young people engaged in cocoa production are involved in activities that place them at risk of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and organochlorine poisoning, acute major and minor injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders.

The chronic musculoskeletal stress typified by manual material handling of heavy objects and carrying the objects on the head can have adverse effects upon the developing musculoskeletal system. Studies looking at long-term consequences of early exposure to repetitive musculoskeletal forces in children are lacking. In order to assess potential long-term consequences of agricultural labor among children, a review of studies assessing musculoskeletal disorders among older farm workers is helpful. A study of arthritis in Swedish farmers linked heavy physical exertion before the age of 16 with an increased risk of hip arthritis. A number of studies have linked the development of back pain and hip and knee arthritis with agricultural and other physically strenuous work. ⁻

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders result from excessive physical work demands involving both forceful activities and repetition without an adequate recovery time and generally involve pain and discomfort in the lower back, neck, hands, arms, shoulders, or legs. The adverse effects resulting from these exposures can interfere with activities of daily living and may have negative long-term economic consequences for the individual and community.

Children working in cocoa production in Ghana are exposed to significant ergonomic hazards at a critical time in their physical development. The survey in Ghana identified the neck, back, shoulders, legs, hands, and fingers as the body parts most often affected, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey identified hands, wrists and fingers, head, and legs as the most commonly injured areas of the body among young U.S. farm workers. Injuries to those younger than 20 years working on U.S. agricultural operations most commonly occur from falls, off-road transportation injuries, and being struck by objects. The U.S. survey of youth agricultural workers did not address symptoms consistent with heat stress or pesticide exposure. Also, the overall prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture is unknown in the U.S.

Adolescents from age 11-15 are more susceptible to sprains and strains secondary to decreased flexibility occurring during the onset of puberty and growth spurts. According to recommendations made in the North American Guidelines for Agricultural Tasks (NAGCAT), lifting should be limited to 10% to 15% of body weight; carrying weights at these levels should occur for no more than 10 to 15 yards; slippery uneven surfaces leading to slips, trips, and falls should be avoided; and repetitive motion leading to muscle strain, chronic back pain, and injuries should be limited. Other NAGCAT recommendations that would apply to children working in cocoa production include the following: incorporate 10 minute breaks each hour; limit repetitive and strenuous activities in children aged 11 or younger to 20 minutes consecutively; allow no use of cutting tools for children aged 11 or younger; ensure drinking a quart of water each hour by scheduling breaks to do so to prevent heat stress; provide bite-proof protective boots with non-skid soles to prevent snake bites and slips and falls; and stop children younger than age 18 from working with pesticides, even with proper protective equipment and clothing.

Pesticide issues

Children are much more susceptible to pesticide poisoning than adults due to a larger relative surface area of exposure. lists the summary of toxicity and health effects of the identified pesticides. The fungicides include inorganic copper compounds, primarily cupric hydroxide and cuprous oxide. The copper compounds are respiratory and dermal irritants, particularly irritating to the eyes, and are considered moderately hazardous, with a World Health Organization (WHO) Acute Hazard rating of III. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) toxicity rating for Ridomil Plus, which contains 60% cuprous oxides, is Class I, or dangerous, due to the corrosive effect upon the eyes secondary to copper compounds.

Propoxur, a carbamate insecticide, and pirimiphosmethyl, an organophosphate insecticide, are both acetycholinesterase inhibitors and cause similar clinical effects. They have been identified as being hazardous during mixer/loader/applicator usages. Cholinesterase inhibition in humans occurs with excessive exposure resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system. Symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and confusion, and at very high concentrations, respiratory paralysis and even death. The EPA recommends protective clothing such as long sleeved shirts and trousers, chemical resistant footwear, socks, and chemical resistant gloves. A chemical resistant apron is required during mixing and loading. Toxicity ratings vary from Class II for eye irritation to Class III for dermal and oral exposure. The risk is considered acceptable if protective clothing is used but not acceptable with only baseline clothing.

Thionex contains lindane, an organochlorine insecticide. Organochlorines are mainstays to control capsid infestation. Exposures can occur through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. The compound is rated as a moderately to highly toxic Class I agent by the EPA and as a moderately hazardous compound by WHO, with a Class II acute hazard rating. Overexposure may result in central nervous system toxicity with mental and motor impairment, headache, dizziness, vomiting, convulsions, and hyperirritability. It also may result in dermal hypersensitivity. Absorption occurs through the skin. Animal studies have shown an association between lindane and damage to the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Although lindane is not considered to be a carcinogen, it does have mutagenic effects in animal studies.,

Engineering controls are not suited to backpack application, which is the type of pesticide application most often used in cocoa production. There may be endocrine disrupter effects resulting from organochlorine applications, and cholinesterase inhibition from organophosphates can cause severe poisoning with marked morbidity and even fatalities. Based upon reported agricultural work practices in the IITA study, pesticide use is lower in Ghana than the other cocoa producing countries in West Africa, with approximately half of producers reporting no use of fungicides or pesticides. This can change, however, depending upon the economic impact of evolving pest and insect infestations. Exposures to an increasing variety of pesticides will likely occur as it is anticipated that other pesticides will be utilized in the future and will include organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorines, and pyrethrins. Although only 1% of cocoa producers reported family children applying pesticides, pesticide exposure, even within the limited evaluation of this study, was observed in children younger than 14 years-and with inadequate personal protective equipment.

Limitations of this observational study include a small, non-randomized study population, limited observation period during the non-peak season, and limited time period of the observation period. The primary strength of the study is the linkage of interviews of cocoa workers, both adults and children, with careful observation of the actual work practices to clarify the ergonomic hazards and the establishment of a baseline for hazard assessment in children and youth workers engaged in harvesting cocoa.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Child Labor in Ghana Cocoa Production: Focus upon Agricultural Tasks, Ergonomic Exposures, and Associated Injuries and Illnesses

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The goal of this study was to determine the occupational hazards experienced by children harvesting cocoa in western Ghana in order to design a vocational literacy life skills curriculum and radio social messaging campaign with a safety component to decrease ...

# data[].attributes.headline
CHILD LABOR AND SLAVERY IN THE CHOCOLATE INDUSTRY

# data[].attributes.subject
CHILD LABOR AND SLAVERY IN THE CHOCOLATE INDUSTRY

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Credit: International Labor Rights Forum Child Labor and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry Chocolate is a product of the cacao bean, which grows primarily in the tropical climates of Western Africa, Asia, and Latin America.[1] The cacao bean is more...

# data[].attributes.body
Ugandafarmersinc

# data[].attributes.body
World Hunger Related Links

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
World hunger related links for more information - Global Issues

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Links to further information on world hunger, food dumping, food aid and related issues.

# data[].attributes.body
International Water Day March

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

From today's featured article

Did you know ...

In the news

On this day

July 5: Fifth of July in New York

1841 - Thomas Cook, the founder of the British travel company Thomas Cook & Son, organised his first excursion, escorting about 500 people from Leicester to Loughborough.

1924 - Brazilian Army rebels launched an uprising in São Paulo against President Artur Bernardes, who authorized the bombing of the city in response.

1969 - Two days after the death of their founder Brian Jones, the Rolling Stones performed at a free festival in Hyde Park, London, in front of more than a quarter of a million fans.

2009 - The Staffordshire Hoard, the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon gold ever discovered, consisting of more than 1,500 items (examples pictured), was found near Hammerwich in Staffordshire.

From today's featured list

Twelve original video games, alongside several ports and other spin-offs, were released by Looking Glass Studios, an American video game developer, in its ten years of activity from 1990 to 2000. The first Looking Glass Studios video game was Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss, which was released in 1992 and received widespread critical acclaim and sold nearly 500,000 units. The studio proceeded to develop titles in multiple genres, including role-playing, sports, flight-simulation, and stealth video games. These were primarily published by Origin Systems, Electronic Arts and Eidos Interactive, with three games self-published by Looking Glass Studios. Their products were praised for innovations in video game technology and design. Several of their successes, such as Flight Unlimited and Thief: The Dark Project, sold more than half a million copies each. Its final project, Jane's Attack Squadron, was completed by Mad Doc Software and released by Xicat Interactive in 2002. (Full list...)

Today's featured picture

Cirsium palustre, the marsh thistle, is a herbaceous biennial (or often perennial) flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe, where it is particularly common on damp ground such as marshes, wet fields, moorland and beside streams. In Canada and the northern United States it is an introduced species that has become invasive. It grows in dense thickets that can crowd out slower-growing native plants. Cirsium palustre can reach up to 2 metres (7 ft) in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense rosette and in subsequent years a candelabra of dark purple or occasionally white flowers, 10-20 millimetres (0.4-0.8 in) with purple-tipped bracts. In the Northern Hemisphere these are produced from June to September. The plant provides an important source of nectar for pollinators. This C. palustre flower was photographed in Niitvälja, Estonia.
Photograph credit: Ivar Leidus

Other areas of Wikipedia

Community portal - The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.

Village pump - Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.

Site news - Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.

Teahouse - Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.

Help desk - Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.

Reference desk - Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.

Content portals - A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.

Wikipedia's sister projects

Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer projects:

Wikipedia languages

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia July 5 : Fifth of July in New York 1841 - Thomas Cook , the founder of the British travel company Thomas Cook & Son, organised his first excursion, escorting about 500 people from Leicester to Loughborough.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What We Do

Action Against Hunger's food security and livelihoods programs tackle the root causes of hunger by addressing problems of production, access, and income. Encompassing a wide array of activities customized to meet a community's specific needs, our programs are designed to bolster agricultural production, jumpstart local market activity, support micro-enterprise initiatives, and otherwise enhance a vulnerable community's access to sustainable sources of food and income.

In 2017, we improved access to food and income for 2.3 million people around the world. We also managed and reduced the risk of disaster for 122,370 people.
Evaluate Local Needs
To determine what's causing hunger in a given area, Action Against Hunger carries out comprehensive evaluations by collecting and analyzing key data on local assets, resources, and livelihoods strategies. Our teams meet directly with community members to better understand local conditions and create a collaborative plan of action.
Respond to Emergencies
When disasters destroy infrastructure and food supplies, when violence forces thousands to flee, or when drought disrupts food production, Action Against Hunger responds with distributions of food, cash, and other items to prevent hunger in the short-term and ensure that crops can be replanted and livestock restocked in the future.
Provide Long-Term Solutions
Designed in collaboration with local populations, our strategies are context-specific: micro-grant support for families recovering from conflict, seeds and tools for agricultural recovery, livestock and veterinary services where needed, small business assistance, and other programs that help families regain self-sufficiency.
Food Security & Livelihoods Facts

Micronutrient deficiency affects 2 billion people - over 25% of the global population - making them susceptible to long-term, irreversible health effects, as well as having damaging socio-economic consequences.

If women farmers had the same access to productive resources as men, it could reduce the number of hungry people in the world by up to 17% due to increased crop yields.

Although the global target of reducing poverty (the number of people living on less than $1.25 per day) by half from the 1990 level of 36% to 18% was achieved in 2010, the number of people living in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 290 million to 414 million in the same period.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What We Do Action Against Hunger's food security and livelihoods programs tackle the root causes of hunger by addressing problems of production, access, and income. Encompassing a wide array of activities customized to meet a community's specific needs, our programs are designed to bolster agricultural production, jumpstart local market activity, support micro-enterprise initiatives, and otherwise enhance a vulnerable community's access to sustainable sources of food and income.

# data[].attributes.headline
Organizations dedicated to helping Children

# data[].attributes.subject
Organizations dedicated to helping Children

# data[].attributes.body
Unicef: Data and Resources

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines The latest estimates show that some 3 in 10 people worldwide, or 2.1 billion, lack access to safe, readily available water at home, and 6 in 10, or 4.5 billion, lack safely managed sanitation.

# data[].attributes.body
Use search engine within.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing.

An overview of the Climate Change Conference (also known as COP 20), held in Lima, Peru in December 2014.

Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble - global in scope - burst, even causing some of the world's largest financial institutions have collapsed. With the resulting recession, many governments of the wealthiest nations in the world have resorted to extensive bail-out and rescue packages for the remaining large banks and financial institutions while imposing harsh austerity measures on themselves.

Environmental issues are also a major global issue. Humans depend on a sustainable and healthy environment, and yet we have damaged the environment in numerous ways. This section introduces other issues including biodiversity, climate change, animal and nature conservation, population, genetically modified food, sustainable development, and more.

Racism is the belief that characteristics and abilities can be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are superior to others. Racism and discrimination have been used as powerful weapons encouraging fear or hatred of others in times of conflict and war, and even during economic downturns. This article explores racism from around the world.

Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble - global in scope - burst, even causing some of the world's largest financial institutions have collapsed. With the resulting recession, many governments of the wealthiest nations in the world have resorted to extensive bail-out and rescue packages for the remaining large banks and financial institutions while imposing harsh austerity measures on themselves.

Through tax havens, transfer pricing and many other policies - both legal and illegal - billions of dollars of tax are avoided. The much-needed money would helped developing (and developed) countries provide important social services for their populations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Global Issues : social, political, economic and environmental issues that affect us all

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing.

# data[].attributes.body
Data

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Global Industry Market Sizing - NationMaster

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Looking for country statistics? NationMaster gives access to market sizing and trends across 300 industry verticals and a global coverage.

# data[].attributes.body
Sign Up

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Create a new spreadsheet and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Sheets to edit Excel files. Free from Google.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Race/walk at Foran Sept. 20 will help raise funds

Since 2006, when two Milford residents formed Uganda Farmers Inc., close to 30,000 people in remote villages in East Africa have gotten clean water for cooking, bathing and drinking.

Recently, Jane Holler and her husband, Dan Marecki - the two founders - hosted a group of people at their home to share photographs and stories about the villages and the people that benefited from the locally-raised dollars. Photos included a girl fetching water on the shores of Lake George, Uganda, before a water project was completed, and villagers turning on the spout at the commissioning of a recently-completed water project.

Holler and Marecki formed the non-profit Uganda Farmers Inc. in 2006 after being moved by a presentation a visiting priest made to parishioners at St. Gabriel's Church in Milford. Holler said that Father George Muganyizi educated parishioners about the conditions in rural areas of Africa. The couple started by raising money for goats and other necessities, and they helped fund a micro-finance program to help African women start businesses before turning their attention to the need for water.

Holler is a lawyer and artist: She says, "Oh gosh, I wouldn't call myself an artist," although a number of her oil paintings hang on the wall of her Milford home. Marecki is a lawyer by trade who owns a title searching company.

While there are many causes in the world, Holler said the couple was moved to lead efforts to bring water to Uganda because water is one of life's simple necessities.

"Clean water is just so basic," Holler said. "Clean water is essential to life, and it doesn't really cost much to get clean water."

In December of 2013, the cost was $38,000 to hire an Italian drilling company to drill wells for a village in Ihunga, Uganda, a project that serves 7,000 people. The entire village got involved, digging trenches for the pipes.

One way the organization raises money is through an annual run/walk fund-raiser that starts at Foran High School. The fourth annual 5K run and walk fund-raiser will be Sept. 20.

"We want to raise awareness and money to continue to provide the rural areas with the precious gift of clean water," Marecki said.

So far, four Ugandan villages have benefited from the local fund-raising efforts, and the organization has targeted a fifth village to help. It pays to have wells drilled, pipes laid, surveys done and solar-pumping systems installed. The residents dig trenches for the pipes that distribute water throughout the villages. It is a collaborative effort between United States and Ugandan citizens.

"Water that's fetched from streams must be boiled before drinking," Marecki said. "Water that's not boiled is life-threatening." Previously, the villagers had to walk several miles, twice a day, to get water.

A Uganda Farmers newsletter includes a comment from Father Muganyizi, noting that water is essential to human health but it is also a key to economic growth and sustainability.

The fund-raising run/walk is set for Sept. 20 at Foran High School. There will also be a half-mile kids' fun run, and each participants gets a small prize.

Prizes will be given in the main race to the top three finishers in each age category. Sponsors, volunteers and participants are needed.

Last year's race drew about 200 participants, and Holler hopes to see that number increase this year.

Registration will be from 7:30 to 8:45 a.m. at the school the day of the race. A Kids Fun Run will start at 8:30, and the main race/walk will start at 9 a.m. The route runs through the Morningside area, along the shoreline.

Pre-registration is $25; $15 for youths age 18 and under, and $5 for the fun run. Those who pre-register will get a T-shirt with sponsors' names listed. To pre-register, go to hitekracing.com, click on 'entry forms' and scroll down to 'Running Water for Africa.'

Day-of-event registration is $28 for adults; $20 for ages 18 and under and $5 for the fun run.

The local organization also raises money through sponsorships and donations. To become a race sponsor, contact Holler at 203-376-3283 or janeh@hollerandholler.com.

Donations may be made at the website, ugandafarmersinc.org, or mailed to Uganda Farmers, Inc. to 31 Cherry Street, Suite 109, Milford, CT 06460.

Holler and Marecki have visited the villages their efforts have benefited, and Holler said the visits are very rewarding.

Hundreds of people turn out to celebrate the gift of water with a ceremony that includes singing and dancing.

"They are such gracious, wonderful people," Holler said.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Milford non-profit helps bring clean water to African villages

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Race/walk at Foran Sept. 20 will help raise funds Since 2006, when two Milford residents formed Uganda Farmers Inc., close to 30,000 people in remote villages in East Africa have gotten clean water for cooking, bathing and drinking.

# data[].attributes.body
Research Help: How to...

# data[].attributes.headline
Cobalt miner Ziki escapes child labor in Congo

# data[].attributes.subject
Cobalt miner Ziki escapes child labor in Congo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
One month ago, a CBS News investigation found there was still child labor being used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to mine cobalt. The mineral is essential to batteries in almost all of our electronics. We brought you the story of, , one young miner whose only dream was to go to school.

In the weeks after our investigation, we didn't hear from any of the companies about changes to their supply chain, reports CBS News correspondent Debora Patta. We did, however, hear from concerned viewers who wanted to help -- and for Ziki, it was life changing.

We first met the 11-year-old orphan at a mine, where he was hard at work in the blistering heat. Toiling in the mud with a bright red Christmas sweater on, he was hard to miss. He's one of an estimated 40,000 children in the DRC who get paid a pittance to produce the cobalt that powers our electronics.

Every evening Ziki returned home with a dollar or two to provide for his siblings and grandmother.

"I feel very bad because I can see my friends going to school," Zikki told us, "and I am struggling."

"Ziki, when you go to sleep at night, before you go to sleep, that moment before you fall asleep, what do you think about?" Patta asked him.

"School," he told us -- his only dream.

Sometimes dreams do come true.

Now Ziki wears a uniform and a shiny new backpack. We watched as he got ready to go to school for the very first time.

Around 50 "CBS This Morning" viewers were so moved by Ziki's plight, they connected with Sister Catherine Mutindi, who has helped to save more than 1,000 children from the mines through the Good Shepherd International Foundation. Enough money was raised to send not only Ziki, but also his three siblings, Ruth, Emerson and Simitri, to school.

"I would see the other kids going to school and I would look at them," Ziki said, "but today I feel the happiness they feel and I am now like them."

Good Shepherd International Foundation

There were some first-day nerves. He held back tears outside the classroom, but Sister Catherine was there to help.

It wasn't long before Ziki bravely stood up and introduced himself to his new classmates and joined the soccer team.

It might take time for Ziki to stop worrying about his family.

"Studying will help me as well as my brothers and sisters," he said.

Good Shepherd International Foundation

Good Shepherd will also help support his grandmother, who can't work.

"As Ziki has expressed, and as we have seen, he is the breadwinner of the family. So somehow the need for the basic family need have to be met, like food, like clothing," explained Sister Catherine.

The spotlight on Ziki has changed the lives of at least these children and, thanks to Ziki, maybe more.

"If I become a government minister, I would ask all the children who work in the mines to go to school so that they could become like me," Ziki said.

Ziki's new dream is to help other child miners.

Patta says Ziki is such an incredible boy that on his second day of school, he turned up hours early, took off his shirt and cleaned the classroom before the staff arrived. Good Shepherd is now trying to raise enough money to get 500 more children just like Ziki out of the mines, and into classrooms.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cobalt miner Ziki escapes child labor in Congo after CBS News investigation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
One month ago, a CBS News investigation found there was still child labor being used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to mine cobalt. The mineral is essential to batteries in almost all of our electronics. We brought you the story of, , one young miner whose only dream was to go to school.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A CBS News investigation has found child labor being used in the dangerous mining of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The mineral cobalt is used in virtually all batteries in common devices, including cellphones, laptops and even electric vehicles.

A report by Amnesty International first revealed that cobalt mined by children was ending up in products from several companies, including Apple, Microsoft, Tesla and Samsung.

CBS News traveled to the DRC to follow the complex supply chain. As CBS News correspondent Debora Patta reports, it's been two years since that damning Amnesty report was published, but the DRC is a country embattled in conflict, and it is difficult and sometimes dangerous to report from there.

On a recent trip to the southern part of the country, CBS News found what looked like the Wild West.There were children digging in trenches and laboring in lakes -- hunting for treasure in a playground from hell.

The work is hard enough for an adult man, but it is unthinkable for a child. Yet tens of thousands of Congolese kids are involved in every stage of mining for cobalt. The latest research by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates 40,000 children are working in DRC mines.

More than half of the world's supply of cobalt comes from the DRC, and 20 percent of that is mined by hand, according to Darton Commodities Ltd., a London-based research company that specializes in cobalt.

Patta and her team traveled along collapsing dirt roads and saw children everywhere, digging for cobalt among abandoned open pit mines. It was clear that security officials in charge there -- only some of them in uniforms -- have something to hide.

There's such sensitivity around cobalt mining in the DRC that every few hundred feet the CBS News team was stopped, with security personnel requesting letters and documentation, even though we had official permission to be there.

But for the Chinese middlemen who buy the cobalt, there were no such constraints; they have free access.

In the mines, women and children help with the so-called artisanal mining, but don't be fooled -- it is no quaint cottage industry. At barely 10 years old, children lug heavy sacks of cobalt to be washed in rivers. From as early as four, they can pick it out of a pile.

Even those too young to work -- dust-covered infants clinging to their mothers and playing on the dirty ground -- spend much of the day breathing in toxic fumes.

Officials deny there's child labor, but it was plain to see. Whenever a camera or security person or policeman appears, the children are chased away quickly.

Ziki Swaze, 11, agreed to meet Patta outside the mine to discuss the work.

"My parents are dead," he explained when asked why he wasn't at school. He lives with his grandmother, and provides their primary income from the cobalt mines.

We asked a wide range of companies whether child-mined cobalt is being used in their products. All of the firms acknowledged problems with the supply chain, but said they require their suppliers to follow responsible sourcing guidelines.

Apple said it leads the industry in supply chain standards, and last year cut ties with the largest artisanal cobalt supplier. Microsoft told us it does not tolerate child labor and that it is working with NGOs to eliminate it. Samsung said it's mapping its supply chain, and Tesla explained it performs audits, and has very little cobalt in its batteries.

More company responses:

But our investigation shows just how complicated it is to trace child-mined cobalt in the global supply chain. We followed the mineral as it left the mines -- piled high on every mode of transport available, including bicycles. Sacks were already mixed up -- without labels -- making it impossible to know who had mined the mineral inside.

The children's cobalt is brought to a large market where it is bought by a Chinese company for extremely low prices. CBS News wanted to see whether there was any attempt to check at the market whether the cobalt had been mined by children, so Patta's team went back later, with a hidden camera.

When we offered to sell a truck load of cobalt, nobody asked us who mined the mineral, only what the quality was. One man told us that the Chinese traders at the market bought all the cobalt and sold it mainly to one Chinese company, Congo Dongfang Mining, known locally as CDM.

CDM is owned by global Chinese giant Huayou, which said they stopped buying from that market last year and have put in place a detailed program to eliminate child labor from their supply chain.

But in this murky process of sourcing cobalt, one thing is clear; children are still here, carrying the weight of our high-tech world on their shoulders.

CBS News spoke with eight major electronic and vehicle companies who have been connected to this supply chain, and though many have joined initiatives to solve this problem, at the mines Patta visited our team saw little evidence of anyone on the ground helping these children.

We spoke to Pact, an NGO that is working with Apple, Microsoft and Huayou. The charity described the support from these multinational companies as a "drop in the ocean," as countless companies are buying the child mined cobalt.
Tuesday on "CBS This Morning" we will show you more of the story of Ziki, the young boy we found at the mines, and some of the efforts being taken to rescue the children.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBS News finds children mining cobalt for batteries in the Congo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A CBS News investigation has found child labor being used in the dangerous mining of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The mineral cobalt is used in virtually all batteries in common devices, including cellphones, laptops and even electric vehicles.

# data[].attributes.body
Use for Citations

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
EasyBib®: Free Bibliography Generator - MLA, APA, Chicago citation styles

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Automatic works cited and bibliography formatting for MLA, APA and Chicago/Turabian citation styles. Now supports MLA 9.

# data[].attributes.body
Disaster Response

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations | Peace, dignity and equality on a healthy planet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Peace, dignity and equality on a healthy planet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar

We work in over 80 countries

Countries

Emergencies

The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

Fighting hunger: the lifecycle of a project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) - WFP.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar Countries Emergencies The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

# data[].attributes.body
Provide Humanitarian Support and Emergency Relief

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar

We work in over 80 countries

Countries

Emergencies

The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

Fighting hunger: the lifecycle of a project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) - WFP.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar Countries Emergencies The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

# data[].attributes.body
Global Poverty

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Borgen Project is working to ensure a strong global response to COVID-19 (coronavirus). We know that not a single country will defeat this highly-contagious virus, until every country has defeated it. Read the latest news on COVID-19 in Africa.

"If there is one country in the world that still has the coronavirus, the whole world has it."

- Vera Songwe, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

Media Mentions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Borgen Project is working to ensure a strong global response to COVID-19 (coronavirus). We know that not a single country will defeat this highly-contagious virus, until every country has defeated it. Read the latest news on COVID-19 in Africa.

# data[].attributes.body
Group also focuses on Women empowerment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Food and Nutrition Security & Climate Change | Care International

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This page describes CARE's approach to defending food and nutrition security.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar

We work in over 80 countries

Countries

Emergencies

The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

Fighting hunger: the lifecycle of a project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) - WFP.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
© Photo: WFP/Malak Jaafar Countries Emergencies The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.

# data[].attributes.body
CIA: World Factbook

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
CIA’s World Factbook is your authoritative source on the world’s countries, territories, oceans, and more. Explore world facts at your fingertips.

# data[].attributes.body
Current Events by Country.
Use search engine within.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 800 news and information items daily from over 140 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
AllAfrica is a voice of, by and about Africa - aggregating, producing and distributing 800 news and information items daily from over 140 African news organizations and our own reporters to an African and global public. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC.

# data[].attributes.headline
Use top menu and select situations by region impacting children.

# data[].attributes.subject
Use top menu and select situations by region impacting children.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A recent flagship report from the United Kingdom's Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (UK-DCEDIY) has revealed that many religious institutions in Ireland have been enabling widespread abuse of unwed mothers and their children - often leading to death (Specia, 2021). Over the past twenty years, the country's 'mother and baby homes' have [...]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
HUMANIUM * We make children's rights happen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A recent flagship report from the United Kingdom's Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (UK-DCEDIY) has revealed that many religious institutions in Ireland have been enabling widespread abuse of unwed mothers and their children - often leading to death (Specia, 2021). Over the past twenty years, the country's 'mother and baby homes' have [...]

# data[].attributes.body
Children's Rights Organization

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Our approach is better than short-term charity. In partnership with governments, NGOs and other relief organizations, we build effective support systems with lasting impacts for struggling families. These efforts enable access to education, healthcare services and employment opportunities that are essential to maintaining safe environments for children at risk. Our long-term services-which focus on making families self-reliant-include savings and loan associations, income-generating activities, child rearing classes, health education, emergency response and much more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Our approach is better than short-term charity. In partnership with governments, NGOs and other relief organizations, we build effective support systems with lasting impacts for struggling families. These efforts enable access to education, healthcare services and employment opportunities that are essential to maintaining safe environments for children at risk.

# data[].attributes.body
UNICEF: Children protection, survival and Status reports and data

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Knowledge leadership in child and adolescent rights.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Who's the highest bidder? 800 Dinar! 1,000 Dinar! 1,100 Dinar! In the end, the winning bid is 1,200 Libyan Dinar - the equivalent of $800 (€680). A done deal; however, this isn't just any auction for a car or a piece of art. What's being sold here is a group of frightened young men from Sub-Saharan Africa.

The low-resolution images, apparently taken at a market in Libya earlier in 2017 were shown on the U.S.-based network CNN last week, which looked further into the issue. Journalists working for CNN discovered several such slave markets in the country's interior, proving what experts had feared for a long time: migrants trying to reach Europe via Libya continue to be subject to abuse.

Heavy criticism across Africa

Politicians in Africa have expressed their outrage at the scandal - especially in West Africa where most African migrants originate. President of Niger Mahamadou Issoufou felt particularly revolted by the reports, summoning the Libyan ambassador to Niger and demanding the International Court of Justice investigate Libya for trading slaves.

Meanwhile the foreign minister of Burkina Faso, Alpha Barry, told the press that he had also summoned the Libyan ambassador to the capital Ouagadougou for consultations. The issue has since been added to the agenda of next week's African Union meeting in Ivory Coast, to take place on November 29 and 30.

The issue has made waves in the Ivory Coast itself - 155 Ivorian refugees, including 89 women and underage migrants, were returned from Libya to the Ivory Coast earlier this week as part of a reintegration initiative launched by the European Union. Representatives of the Ivorian government, however, said that the health of those migrants returned from Libya was in a "deplorable state."

Libya vows to cooperate with U.N. investigation

Protests meanwhile took place outside the Libyan embassies in several other African capital cities including Bamako, Mali and Conakry, Guinea over the weekend. Another protest is planned in London later this week. A protest outside the Libyan embassy in Paris spilled out into the famous Arc De Triomphe roundabout at the heart of the French capital.

U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in New York on Monday that "slavery has no place in our world and these actions are among the most egregious abuses of human rights and may amount to crimes against humanity," appealing to the Libyan leadership to investigate these cases and bring those responsible for the slave trade to justice.

He said that he had asked all relevant U.N. departments to investigate the issue further.

Guterres added that all countries should join the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and sign its 2004 optional protocol on human trafficking. Libya's internationally recognized government, which is also supported by the UN, has announced that it will launch an investigation. Ahmed Omar Maiteeq, vice chairman of the presidential council of Libya, announced the establishment of a commission to that end.

The foreign ministry in a statement added: "If these allegations are confirmed, all implicated persons will be punished."

'Libya was hell'

Most refugees stranded in Libya come from West Africa, from countries such as Nigeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso or Ivory Coast. Additionally, many Eritreans and Somalians are also among those who hope to find a better future in Europe. Oftentimes they use a route crossing Niger's desert city of Agadez, where they encounter human traffickers, who promise to get them to the Mediterranean Coast and on to Europe. That journey, however, often ends in Libya.

"Libya was hell," says Souleymane, a young migrant from the Ivory Coast. He told DW that he was held captive in the North African country for over a month. Only by chance did he manage to return home with the help of an initiative launched by the U.N.'s International Organization for Migration (IOM).

"I had to live in permanent fear of being picked up by a militia group and sold off as a slave."

Complete dependence

Fighting human trafficking in northern Africa has been a top priority for the U.N. for years. However, there's little progress; on the contrary, the practice appears to have intensified in recent years, says Othman Belbeisi, the IOM Chief of Mission in Libya.

Belbeisi told DW that local militias often held refugees for up to three months in dungeons in Libya in order to exploit them: "The problem is that most economic migrants don't have any kind of documentation on them and therefore do not cross official borders into Libya but rather make themselves completely dependent on people smugglers. It isn't rare that they end up being kidnapped, and if their ransom isn't paid they'll be sold off, tortured or even murdered."

He added that as long as legal ways of migration into Europe weren't facilitated, many young Africans would remain motivated to take such risks. According to the IOM, more than 160,000 migrants have so far managed to cross the Mediterranean Sea this year alone. Hundreds of thousands, however, are still waiting to make the sea journey to Europe. Nearly 3,000 refugees died since the beginning of this year on the perilous sea route.
Sandrine Blanchard contributed to this article. This article originally appeared on Deutsche Welle. Its content was created separately to USA TODAY.
CLOSE

Read or Share this story: https://usat.ly/2iLrOZo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Outrage across Africa after report exposes slave trade in Libya

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Who's the highest bidder? 800 Dinar! 1,000 Dinar! 1,100 Dinar! In the end, the winning bid is 1,200 Libyan Dinar - the equivalent of $800 (€680). A done deal; however, this isn't just any auction for a car or a piece of art. What's being sold here is a group of frightened young men from Sub-Saharan Africa.

# data[].attributes.body
Login as student.  Passcode is F9JKM2N
Search "Africa":  DRC Cobalt mining AND Kids at War

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What's Inside

Ready-to-Go Teaching Kits with Every Article

Each Junior Scholastic story is a self-contained lesson that builds social studies knowledge and ELA skills. Deepen understanding with videos, build skills with interactive activities, and support every reader with multiple reading levels and other robust differentiation tools.
EXPLORE AN ISSUE

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Junior Scholastic Magazine | Current Events Magazine for Grades 6-8

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Junior Scholastic magazine has everything you need to bring current events into your classroom: age appropriate news stories, social studies connections, media-literacy features, and more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene are vital for living a dignified, healthy life.