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the benefits:
1- Breaking down lignin  and cellulose that impede the productions of Bio fuel in particular
types of plants.
2- improve the quality of the
fuel produced from sugars
3- To harness E. coli to
produce fuels scientists have
deleted several genes in
E. coli and replaced them with
genes from other organisms.
These efforts have been
somewhat successful
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the risks:
Some scientists question the
safety of modifying bacteria
and other microbes to produce
biofuel. They think there has
not been enough safety testing
done on genetically modified
organisms, and suggest that
there may be unintended
consequences for human
health or the environment.
Although the E. coli needed to
make biofuels would be grown
only in laboratories, there
might be problems if some
were accidentally transferred
to other environments.
Grade :4 marks

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Benefits:
- Breaking down lignin and cellulose that impede the productions of Bio fuel in particular types of plants.
- Production of high-quality Bio fuel by increasing the number of carbon atoms synthesized by E.coli bacteria.
-  Maximizing the production of Bio fuels.
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Risks:
- The safety of modifying bacteria and other microbes to produce Bio fuel.
- Modified E.coli bacteria may be harm to the environment despite growing them in laboratories.
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Water scarcity:
It is possible to manage the water withdrawals of bio fuels by modifying bio-fuel plants to consume less amount of water.
grade: 5 marks

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the benefits:
1- to break down the cellulose and lignin that considered to be challenge for fuel production.
2- improve the efficiency of the bio-fuel that can store much energy because of its long chain molecule.
3- may cause the bacteria to convert the sugar to bio-fuel directly.

the risks:(safety)
1-may cause some unintended consequences on human and environment

I can use the bio-fuel to run a pump that pumps the underground water to make it available for use in agriculture . bio-fuel has higher efficiency than fossil fuel.so it is considered to be an ideal solution .
grade 5 marks

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the benefits:
1- by inserting the gene that break down cellulose and liginin that are presented in the cell wall, a lot of plants are more easy to be modified and easier to convert them to bio fuels
2-  by inserting the gene that is responsible for making longer carbon chain it will improve the quality of the fossil fuels as it will make plants more capable to store high energy so it can be use instead of nonrenewable fossil fuels.

the risk factors :
1- heavy use of bio fuels has effects on us and the environment as biofuels interfer in the air pollution
2- heavy use of biofuels that depend on plants may cause reduction in the agricultural field that can affect the biosphere.

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Benefits:

1. bio-fuels from the waste stalksMake  and leaves of crops and from grasses that don’t require the high quality soil that food crops need.

2. Bacteria like E.coli can produce enzymes that break down lignin and cellulose.

3. Improving the yield of bio-fuel from plants.

4. Improve the quality of the fuel produced from sugars.

Risks:

1. There has not been enough safety testing done on GMOs.

2. There may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment.

3. There might be problems if some were accidentally transferred to other environments.

It can be used to solve water scarcity by reducing the transpiration process in GMO bio-fuel plants, thus the plant will need less amount of water to be irrigated.

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Benefits: To increase the amount of energy can be extracted from the plant. Another benefit is to make biofuel from non-important plants that the human doesn’t need like the grass. Breaking the lignin and cellulose by inserting E. Coli Bacteria to produce Ethanol.

Risks and concerns: The Ethanol has a little amount of energy because his carbon chain is short. The modification can have bad effects on the human’s health. It must be planted only in the lab because it can have impacts on the environment.

Water scarcity: We can use the GMO in modifying the plant to grow with little amount of water.

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Benefits
1. Breaking down lignin and cellulose.
2. Improving biofuel quality.
3. Increasing the amounts of biofuel.
Risks
1. Scientists are not fully aware of it safety level.
2. There is a possibility for harming human or the environment.
Solving water sacristy
If we improve the biofuels with GMO, we can use these improved biofuels to operate the desalination pumps to produce more water with low costs.

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Benefits:
1- The scientists can make a genetically modified E.coli that can break down the lignin and cellulose  into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol.
2- producing high quality fuel by making modified E.coli that has longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline.
3-Improving the process of chemically breaking down plant matter instead of using edible parts of food crops.
Risks:
1- Production of bio-fuel depend on fermenting of corn and sugar can, the problem that these materials are from edible food crops so the food shrinks.
2- scientists think there has not been enough safety testing done on genetically modified organisms for human health.
3- also the E. coli needed to make biofuels would be grown only in laboratories, there might be problems if some were accidentally transferred to other environments.

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:
1. using a modified E.coli to insert genes that is responsible for synthesis enzymes that can break down the cellulose and the lignin. the scientists do this to make biofuels from the waste stalks and leaves of crops and from grasses that don’t require the high quality soil that food crops need.
2. scientists modified E. coli to produce fuels that have longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline. they did that to make it store more energy than ethanol, make it easier to separate this carbon chain from water and to preform better in engines.
3. scientists deleted a lot of genes from E.coli and inserted other from other organisms to make it produce fuels. it produced longer-chain alcohols, but not enough for commercial use.
4. you can turn the biofules product into biodiesel and related compounds.
the risks:
1. the safety of modifying bacteria and other microbes to produce biofuel because the scientists did not test that process well.
2. there may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment.
3. there might be problems if some of the E.colis were accidentally transferred to other environments.
I can use GMO in modifying the plant to need less water to function and grow

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Benifits:
- Breaking down lignin and cellulose that impede the productions of Bio fuel
- may cause the bacteria to convert the sugar to bio-fuel directly.
- producing high quality fuel by making modified E.coli that has longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline.
Risks:
-  The modified Ecoli may harm the environment although its done in the laboratory
-   heavy use of biofuels that depend on plants may cause reduction in the agricultural field that can affect the biosphere.

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Genetic modification is the new revolution in all biology fields, It provides the methods to create organisms that can have very specific traits to perform very specific functions, and in the case of the bio-fuels, it resembles the solution for all the current obstacles against using bio-fuels.
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When it comes to the Benefits, genetic engineering can be used to modify the plants to produce more yield of fuel, or improve the technology of extracting the fuels from plants . Scientists are trying to find efficient ways to make bio-fuels from the waste stalks and leaves of crops and from grasses that don’t require the high quality soil that food crops need. To break down cellulose and lignin, GMOs may be used as modified E.coli used to produce ethanol. The problem of the bio-fuels is the low energy content due to short carbon chains as ethanol, but GMOs may be used to produce longer carbon compounds as Octanol.
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All these benefits show how can genetic modification solve the obstacles hindering the usage of bio-fuels, but it still has many risks that prevent those discoveries from being used to solve the energy problem such as: genetic engineering may still have unknown effects that may negatively affect the environment and the health if the GMOs were accidentally transferred outside the lab.
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But if genetic engineering was really used, it might help a lot in solving the problem of water scarcity as those plants dedicated to make bio-fuels may be modified to consume less water preserving the large amounts used in irrigation. grade: 5 marks

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Benefits:

1. Genetic modification is used to modify E-coli so that it can break lignin and cellulose into sugars that can be converted to ethanol.

2. Genetic modification is used to improve the quality of the fuel produced from sugars. By modifying an E-coli that produces fuels that have longer carbon chains and similar to gasoline.

Risks:

1. It can cause health and environmental problems if the bacteria accidentally transferred out laboratories.

The process can be useful in solving the problem of water by using plants that doesn’t use much water.

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Risks:

1- Scientists think that that there hasn't been enough safety testing done on GMO.

2- There may be unintended consequences for human or environment.
3- E. coli needed to make bio fuels would be grown in only laboratories and there might be some problems of some were accidentally transferred to other environments.

Benefits:

1- Genetic modification is used to modify E-coli which may break legnin and cellulose into sugar which may be converted to ethanol.
2- Scientists deleted a lot of genes from E.coli and inserted other genes to make it produce fuels.
3- Improving the process of chemically breaking down instead of using edible parts of crops.

Genetic modification may be used in reducing water consumed in plants which need big amount of water to consume less water.

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benefits
1) break down lignin and cellulose that the grasses and crops contain it                                                              2)Improve the quality

of the fuel produced from sugars
by longer carbon chains

and are similar to gasoline. These longer- chain alcohols store more energy than ethanol, are easier to separate from water, and perform better in engines.
Risks
If too many farmers dedicate too much agricultural land to producing biofuel plants, supplies of basic foods will shrink.
water scarcity
we can use it to insert a gene form the plants that doesnt need much water to a another plant to reduce consumption

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1. modifying bacteria as e coli can produce reliable amount of bio fuel which can be used in variety of fields (by adding genes that breaks down lignen and cell walls)
2. The modified E. coli produces longer-chain alcohols such as octanol which produces much energy when they are broken.they are easier to separate from water, and perform better in engines.

Risks:
1. If too many farmers dedicate too much agricultural land to producing biofuel plants, supplies of basic foods will shrink
2. there might be problems if some genetically modified E COLI were accidentally transferred to other environments.

water scarcity :
inserting genes from desert plant or plants that don't consume much water and don't do much transpiration into normal crops that will decrease the amount of water used for irrigation

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Benefits:
1-A renewable and Eco-friendly source of energy produced using available plants.
2- Using the inserting of the gene of creating longer carbon chain that will optimize the quality of the fossil fuels as it will make plants more capable to store high energy as heat content so it can be use instead of nonrenewable fossil fuels.
3-Improving the quality of the fuel produced from the plant sugars.
___________________________________
Risks:
1-The difficulty in making fuel from
grasses and inedible parts of crops
is that they contain two substances
—lignin and cellulose—that are
very hard to break down.
2- The critical safety of modifying bacteria and other microbes and microorganisms for producing Bio fuel.
3-Overuse of bio fuels relying on plants that causes shrinking in the agricultural field that can affect the biosphere and Geosphere.
________________________________

Water Sacristy:
Water-over consuming-plants can like maize can be genetically modified to be less water consuming.

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Benefits: - Breaking down lignin and cellulose that impede the productions of Bio fuel in particular types of plants. - Using the biofuel will help us to reduce the use of fossil fuels and it has higher efficiency. - can be extracted from some non-important plants. - Improve the quality of the fuel produced from sugars. Risks: - Modified E. coli bacteria may be harm to the environment. - there may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment. Water scarcity: It’s possible to use GMO to make the plant loss a little amount of water.

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Benefits:
1- Using GMO With Biofule will grow well on larger scale needed for production commercial ethanol.
2-Improve the original biofuel quality
---------------------------
Risks:
1- Not fully safe as it have a possibility to harm humans & the environment
-------------------------
Solving water sacristy:
1- by operating the desalination pumps to produce more water with low costs.

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Type of genetic modification:-

-Introduction of new genes from other several organisms.
............................................................
Benefits:-

-Providing the chance to yield more fuel
-Improving the technologies used to extract biofuel and biodiesel from plants
............................................................
Risks and Concerns:-

-Scientists are concerned about the safety of the GMOs involved in the extraction of fuel from plants, as they think that an inadequate number of safety experiments was conducted, and that there could be a plethora of detrimental effects on public health and environment if the GMOs were accidentally leaked out of the laboratories
............................................................
Current status of research and development:-
-Currently, scientists are trying to work to find ways to extract fuel from the waste stalks and leaves of the crops and from the grass, as most of the currently produced biodiesel and biofuel are extracted from fermenting corn or sugar cane with yeast or bacteria, and thus wasting the starchy and sugary edible parts of these plants.
To do so, scientists have inserted several genes from termites and other organisms that can effectively break down the lignin and cellulose of such layers of the plants in order to produce octanol which is a better alternative for ethanol, as it has a longer carbon chain and thus a longer energy capacity.
............................................................
Other solutions:-

-Improving the fuel quality of plants by selective breeding
-Weakening plants' cell walls through selective breeding
-Improving the process of chemically breaking down plant matter

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Benefits:

• Improve the plants themselves to get high yields of fuel.
• If too many farmers dedicate too much agricultural land to producing biofuel plants, supplies of basic foods will shrink.
• Scientists are working on a genetically modified E. coli that can break the lignin and cellulose into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol.
• GMO improve the quality of the fuel produced from sugar. • E. coli produce fuels that have longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline. These longer chain alcohols store more energy than ethanol, are easier to separate from water, and perform better in engine.
----------------------------

Risks:

• E. coli produces longer-chain alcohols, but not enough for commercial use.
• There has not been enough safety testing done on genetically modified organisms.
• There may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment.
• Although E. coli are grown only in laboratories, there might be problems if some were accidentally transferred to other environments.

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The Benefits: -
• By using The GMO, not only the Quality of Bio fuel will increase from the normal plant, but also the Quantity will be increased. • Breaking down the lignin and cellulose that obstruct the productions of Bio fuel in Some kind of plants. ……………………….................

The Risks: -
• The Safety Level of this process isn’t confident to the scientist -Low safety level Can stop the whole process. – • Some Concerns about the impacts and influences of this process on the human and the environment aspects.
………………………….........
. Water Sacristy:-
• The water consumption of the plants can be reduced and controlled by using the GMO process

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:

-  Getting high yields of fuel, and improving the way of extracting fuels from plants.

-  Modifying E. coli bacteria that can break the lignin and cellulose into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol will enhance the production of fuels.

-  Improving the quality of the fuel produced from sugar by producing fuels that have longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline.

Risks:

- Dedicating a large area of agricultural land in order to produce plants from which fuels are extracted, supplies of basic foods will shrink affecting one of the main sources for human life.

- Some processes as breaking down the plant matter with chemicals are expensive and require a lot of energy.

- There has not been enough safety testing done on genetically modified organisms, and there may be unintended consequences for human health.
Water Scarcity:
GMO can be used to modify some genes in plants and crops in order to reduce the transpiration process carried out by these plants make them absorb less quantity of water from soil, and hence reducing the quantity of water used for irrigation.

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Benefits:

1. bio-fuels from the waste stalksMake  and leaves of crops and from grasses that don’t require the high quality soil that food crops need.

2. Bacteria like E.coli can produce enzymes that break down lignin and cellulose.

3. Improving the yield of bio-fuel from plants.

4. Improve the quality of the fuel produced from sugars.

Risks:

1. There has not been enough safety testing done on GMOs.

2. There may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment.

3. There might be problems if some were accidentally transferred to other environments.

It can be used to solve water scarcity by reducing the transpiration process in GMO bio-fuel plants, thus the plant will need less amount of water to be irrigated.

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GMO are a new raising technologies which provides new innovative and efficient solution for a great number of obstacles facing Egypt and the world. One of the main problems facing our generating and apposing our development is the energy crisis, thus scientists developed a great technology to utilize the GMO to generate an alternative sources of energy based on the organic material provided by the corps being cultivated. Scientists tried to utilize the amount of sugar presented in crop to produce what is called the biofuel which includes bioethanol and biodiesel compounds that are produced from renewable biological sources. Scientists tried to conduct varies experiments to improve the usage of such material, which are the sugar-rich crops, to produce energy. The problem there faced was characterized in the need of a high sugar content material which is also considered a mean       source for human, and here comes the GMO which will provide the suitable solution by genetically manipulate the crops to increase the yield rate to ensure a higher production, thus providing the suitable amount of raw materials for making the biofuel. Furthermore, scientist is trying to advance the systems efficiency to increase the mount pf biofuel produced by using genetically modified bacteria to transform the high-sugar and low-sugar content materials to a sustainable biofuel resources throw their metabolic reactions. So, scientist inserted specific genes that gave the bacteria the ability to produce a more efficient amount of fuel. As a conclusion we can state the benefits if using such organisms in the process:

1)      Using such an organism will provide a higher crop yield thus providing the essential raw materials to produce the biofuel.

2)      Using the various genetic modification technologies will provide a tool to make a more effective bacterial capable of making more efficient biofuel.

3)      Using such a Technic we will shift from being a civilization depending on the fossil fuel, which pollutes the environment, to the biofuel which is way less harmful.

Although the surge of such a method is convenient, it can cause some damage. Using GMO in increasing the efficiency of the biofuel production will cause partial danger against the environment and the human body itself, and these risks are characterized in the following:

1)      The possibility of transferring the modified genes to another plant, in the situation of the genetic modified plants, in another filed form a genetically modified one which can cause unpredictable crosses, as a result, some allergic genes are expressed.

2)      The bacteria being modified to convert the plants sugar content into biofuel can be harmful to the human and the environment I they escaped the laboratory the belongs to.

GMO can be used to conduct a solution for the water problem by genetically modifying a defined kind of bacteria, in order to have them the ability to deduct and disintegrate the toxins being provided in the water, thus helping to purify the water in the most efficient way.

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Benefits

Plants high in starch and sugar are made into ethanol, while vegetable oils and other fats are made into biodiesel. Both of these fuels may be burned in combustion engines in place of fossil fuels.

Using waste stalks and leaves of crops and from grasses that don’t require the high quality soil that food crops need.

working on a genetically modified E. coli that can break the lignin and cellulose into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol.

E. coli to produce fuels that have longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline. These longer- chain alcohols store more energy than ethanol, are easier to separate from water, and perform better in engines

Risks

If too many farmers dedicate too much agricultural land to producing biofuel plants, supplies of basic foods will shrink.

they contain two substances —lignin and cellulose—that are very hard to break down

The fuels can also be produced through breaking down the plant matter with chemicals, but this is expensive and requires a lot of energy.

How to solve water sacristy problem?

using GMO method and it works by modifying the plant’s stomata to less the transpiration process and thus consuming less amount of water through their roots but unfortunately it may affect some types of crops like corn crops, because it uses an enormous amount of water.

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:

-  Getting high yields of fuel, and improving the way of extracting fuels from plants.

-  Modifying E. coli bacteria that can break the lignin and cellulose into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol will enhance the production of fuels.

-  Improving the quality of the fuel produced from sugar by producing fuels that have longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline.
Risks
1. Scientists are not fully aware of it safety level.
2. There is a possibility for harming human or the environment.
Water Scarcity:

It can be used to solve water scarcity by reducing the transpiration process in GMO bio-fuel plants, thus the plant will need less amount of water to be irrigated.

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:

-Increases the fuel yield of plants.

-Scientists are working on a genetically modified E. coli that can break the lignin and cellulose into sugars that can then be converted to ethanol.

-The modified E. coli produces longer- chain alcohols, which store more energy than ethanol, so they perform better in engines, they are also easier to be separated from water.
-----------------------------

Risks:

-If too much agricultural land is dedicated to producing biofuel plants, the supplies of basic foods will shrink.

-There has not been enough safety testing done on genetically modified organisms so they may cause bad consequences for the human health or the environment.

-The longer chain alcohols made by the modified E. coli stores more energy but not enough for commercial use.

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Risks

·       Most bioethanol is generated by fermenting corn or sugar cane with yeast or bacteria. Those crops, however, are also important food crops, and the starchy and sugary edible parts of these plants are the parts needed to make bioethanol.

·       Supplies of basic foods will shrink

·       There has not been enough safety testing done on genetically modified organisms.

·       There may be unintended consequences for human health or the environment.

Benefits

·       Breaking down lignin and cellulose that impede the productions of Bio fuel may cause the bacteria to convert the sugar to bio-fuel directly.

·       Producing high quality fuel by making modified E.coli that has longer carbon chains and are similar to gasoline.

·       Improving the process of chemically breaking down plant matter instead of using edible parts of food crops.

Water Scarcity

·       It can be used to solve water scarcity by reducing the transpiration process in GMO bio-fuel plants, thus the plant will need less amount of water to be irrigated.