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Reserva de la Biosfera de la Mancha Húmeda

In its beginnings, the Humid Spot, had an area of ​​25,000 ha, in which there was a fundamental area of ​​6,000 ha, with a large variation of this extension depending on seasonal weather conditions. In short, it consisted of waterlogged, irregularly distributed by the provinces of Ciudad Real, Toledo, Cuenca and Albacete, where the main rivers that cross the region (Guadiana, Gigüela, Riánsares, Záncara and Córcoles), are characterized by an extremely irregular water regime . Therefore there was no precise delimitation, but that set of wetlands,

The protection figures of the wetlands were the following: Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Decree 1874/1973 and Reclassification by Law 25/1980); Natural Site of National Interest of the Lagunas de Ruidera, (Order of 10.31.1933); Refuge of aquatic birds in the Lagoons of Alcázar de San Juan (Resolution of ICONA) and Controlled Hunting Area, in Navas de Malagón). The other wetlands, up to 62, did not have specific protection figures by then.

The territory of the Reserve is a practically flat landscape, with slight undulations and with predominance of agricultural crops. It is formed by horizontal tertiary deposits, in which the overflows of the main rivers, form the characteristic "tables" 1 and encharcamientos, that together with endorheic lagoons and the upwellings of the aquifer constitute the foundation of this wet extension.

The average altitude of the wetlands ranges between 600 and 700 m. above sea level and with few exceptions, the slope is imperceptible to the naked eye.

The climate, with a clear continental and Mediterranean accent, is characterized by an average rainfall close to 400 mm per year, with recorded temperatures ranging from -15 ºC to 40 ºC, depending on the season and the area.

The typical vegetation is composed of marshes or marsh palisades, that is, emerging heylophytes or tall herbaceous that root in the bottom of humid areas, such as aeneas, reeds, reeds.
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La Palma Biosphere Worldwide Reserve

In 1983, UNESCO declared in La Palma, in the municipality of San Andrés and Sauces, 511 hectares of the estate “El Canal y Los Tiles” as a biosphere reserve, becoming the first Spanish island to count with this important international recognition.Even though this is the smallest Spanish biosphere reserve in extension, it hosted a very interesting laurel sample, a relict forest of the Tertiary Age, more than 1.6 million years ago.In 1998, the declared territory was extended, including the Northeastern part of the Island, thus comprising more than 16% of the insular surface, and including the municipal districts of Barlovento, Puntallana, San Andrés y Sauces and, partially, Santa Cruz de La Palma.Finally, on 6 November 2002, during a Plenary Session of the UNESCO International Coordination Council, La Palma Biosphere Worldwide Reserve was set up as we know it nowadays.This last extension supposed the inclusion of the whole insular surface, as well as the incorporation of one part of the sea environment with a surface of 9,870 hectares, making a total extension of 80,702 hectares.This declaration of the whole insular territory as Biosphere Reserve, supposed a perspective change, as a conservation and development joint management could be achieved in the whole Island, without space limitation.In addition, it led to the integration of environmental high quality spaces such as the National Park of Caldera de Taburiente and the extension of sustainability principles of those urban or rural areas which have endured a higher pressure.This set of acts, gave birth to the formation of a governmental and administrative agency of the Biosphere Reserve, “The Insular Administration of La Palma Biosphere Worldwide Reserve”, with a scope of Public Local Administration, which supposes the following:

A better implication of insular and municipal powers.

A better involvement of the private sector and societies.

The acceptance of new perspectives and liabilities.

The promotion of the achievement of sustainability and conservation goals.

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The beech forest of Montejo is a forest of beech trees of 250 hectares located in the foothills of the Sierra de Ayllón and belonging to the municipality of Montejo de la Sierra (Community of Madrid, Spain), north of the province of Madrid and bordering the province of Guadalajara and the Jarama River. 

Flora: Among its huge beech trees more than 20 meters high, you can also find oaks, wild cherry trees, hazel trees, birches, spurges, holly trees, heather and mountain ash, although in a much smaller proportion. 

Fauna: We can find species such as the roe deer, the wild boar, the badger, the otter, the marten, the wild cat, the partridge, the goshawk, the booted eagle, the common tawny owl, the woodpecker, the lesser beak, the aquatic blackbird and passerine birds (coal, blue tit, jay, blue nuthatch, common barb, etc.) 

Weather: It is warm and warm in Montejo de la Sierra. The rain in Montejo de la Sierra falls mostly in the winter, with relatively little rain in the summer.

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Garajonay National Park
vegetation:
The Canary monteverde is the determining element of Garajonay, covering about twenty tree species participating in its composition, distributing and mixing according to their ecological affinities, to form several different types of forests: laurisilva and fayal-heath, a forest more dry and poor in tree species.
fauna:
The fauna of Garajonay is also remarkable. It houses nearly a thousand species of invertebrates, with about one hundred and fifty endemic to that space. The vertebrate species are thirty-eight, basically reptiles and birds, among which the rabiche and turqué pigeons, endemic to the Canary Islands. Garajonay is considered a zone of special protection for birds.

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OROGRAFIA:
The Doñana National Park has an area of 50,720 ha, located southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, mostly in the province of Huelva and a smaller part in the province of Seville. Part of the environment is also protected as Doñana Natural Park in an area of 53,709 ha. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994. It is considered the largest ecological reserve in Europe. During the winter, its large expanse of marsh hosts numerous species of waterfowl, which usually reach 200,000 individuals each year.
FLORA:
In the Doñana Park the climate is mild, the winters are relatively humid and the summers are dry. The rains occur mainly in spring and autumn, sometimes torrential because of the cold drops.
The flora is very diverse (more than 900 species) due to the existence of different ecosystems.
They have special interest the maritime juniper, the cork oak, the stone pine, the oleander, the barrón, the broom, the thyme, the rosemary, the blackberry ...
In the dunes, and as a consequence of the strong wind, the burial of the vegetation is very common, trees that with time come up dead due to the movements of sand.
FAUNA:
In the Doñana National Park each ecosystem has its own and different fauna.
Thus we find freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and many birds.
Mammals include deer and wild boar.
The most threatened animals are the Iberian lynx, the imperial eagle and the gray marbled teal.
The most common animals are flamingos, storks and greylag goose.
CLIMA:

The Doñana park has a mild Mediterranean climate. This Mediterranean climate is characterized by relatively wet winters and dry summers that are the result of variations in the polar front and high subtropical pressures. The most rainy seasons are the intermediate ones, in spring and especially in autumn there can be torrential rains caused by the accumulation of heat in the water masses during the summer, and the arrival of cold polar droplets. In winter, on the other hand, thermal anticyclones may appear locally. Temperatures are mild throughout the year at about 15 ºC. The most significant weather is the three or five months of aridity in the summer; when it is under the control of the subtropic

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Verónica García Flores
OROGRAPHY:
The island does not offer great heights, giving the impression of being an immense rock cut in its  southern part formed by a series of gentle hills that enclose large valleys and plains.
FLORA :
The vegetation is typically mediterranean, and is conditioned , like all plant landscapes.
The dominant potential vegetation in humid  areas is the holm oak forest.
The low forest always conserves  a high degree of humidity that contributes to thegrowth of a variety of plants  and shrubs. In the drier areas , diferent types of ´´agarrigues`` predominant, wich have spread because of the degradation of holm  oaks.
WEATHER :
Its temperatura rarely excedes 34º, giving  the  maximun of  14º, in consequence the average anual temperatura will be  16'8, giving  a seasonal average  of 10º in wi nter and 23º in summer.

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Alumno: Andrea Martin Del Valle
Orography: Doñana is located in the southeast of Huelva, occupying a small sector of Seville.
Area: 50,720 has
extension: the national park of doñana occupies 27,000 has, and in there are impressions winter concentrations of geese, teals, whistles, spoons, friezes, black-winged needles, among many other species.
Flora: in the old cork oaks that populate this area known as the aviary nest countless pairs of spatula, common stork, egret, heron and martinete.
the southern areas of the cordon of fixed dunes are occupied by piñoreno pines.
Fauna: this vegetal tapestry gives shelter to the imperial eagle, the mongoose, the deer or the boar. Between the preserves and the marsh is the vera, one of the richest biotopes of doñana. It is a land of grasslands where large numbers of deer, the deer or the rabbit, are the fundamental basis of the feeding of all predators.
fish: eel, carp, gambusia, pike
reptiles and amphibians: snake, bastard, hemlock, red-tailed lizard, common frog, common gecko, vibra hocicuda ...
mammals: wild, field rabbit, European hedgehog, fallow deer, gineta.gato mounts, jabali, Iberian lynx, liron fronto, mongoose, bat, otter, fox, tejon, water rat, noctule small
Climate: the doñana park has a mild climate, Mediterranean type.
This Mediterranean climate is characterized by relatively wet winters and dry summers resulting from variations in the polar front and high subtropical pressures. The most rainy seasons are the intermediate, in spring and especially in autumn can be torrential rains caused by the accumulation of heat in the water bodies during summer, and the arrival of cold polar droplets.
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Reserbe of biophere del Valle of Laciana.

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Reserbe of biophere del Valle of Laciana.

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Alberto Domínguez Jiménez

Orography:

In the province of León, the region stretches between the counties of Omaña, El Bierzo and Babia. It is a land of steep mountains planted with mines and open coal mining.
VEGETATION:
Among the flora are mixed forests composed of oak, birch, ash, elm and low juniper bushes.
FAUNA:
The most important animal species are the Tetrao urogallus, the Canis lupus signatus and the Ursus arctos. In addition to these, there are a good number of birds, a rich representation of bat species and rivers in good condition that support a large number of fish species.

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Reserve of the biophere of marshes of the odiel. Student.Carlota Benito Arriero

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Reserve of the biophere of marshes of the odiel. Student.Carlota Benito Arriero

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Orography: Marshes is integrated into a complex estuary system orginated by the mouths of the Tinto Odiel rivers. The  Odiel Marshes belong to the group of tidal marshes, are considered the most important tidal marshes of the Peninsula Iberiaca.

Fauna: real horseback, martin fishorman, common chalk, owl country.

Flora: african disy, wet brush, sea heather, marine purslane.

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BIOSPHERE OF THE CUENCA ALTA DEL MANZANARES

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BIOSPHERE OF THE CUENCA ALTA DEL MANZANARES

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ALUMNO: Hugo Gómez Tello
The corridor that links the urban centre of Madrid with Sierra de Guadarrama is an area of incalculable natural value, thanks to the river that crosses it. The Upper Manzanares river basin has granitic peaks like La Pedriza, a place where griffon vultures and peregrine falcons dwell. This rugged landscape becomes smoother around Sierra del Hoyo del Manzanares, giving rise to holm oak, oak and ash forests. These woods alternate with pasturelands used for grazing, creating meadows that are good for raising bucks and red deer. In the lower parts, like around the Santillana reservoir and the Soto de Viñuelas, we find water-related crops and numerous colonies of water birds. This way, the so-called "agro-sylvo-pastoral" systems (pasturelands, meadows and grazings) are formed, which are very important for the conservation of the natural environment. In the area nearest to the Manzanares River there are wooded patches formed by willows, black poplars, ash trees and birch. Among the shrubs found here, notice the blackberries, the wild rose bushes and the honeysuckle. Keeping company the red deer and the bucks company in the Upper Manzanares river basin are badgers, wild cats, otters and wild boars.
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Student: Guillermo García Blanco.

The Los Argüellos Biosphere Reserve (León, Spain) was created in 2005 and is one of the reserves that will make up the Gran Reserve of the Cantabrian Biosphere.
It has an ecosystem of the Cantabrian mountain range and the limited resources of the area have been used over centuries by the populations settled in the area and have formed a unique landscape.

The territory of the Reserve has an average annual temperature 8º.

There are different forest formations such as beech, birch and oak, as well as meadows and pastures formed in the ancient arboreal territories.
The peculiar geomorphology of the area, of numerous caves and crevices, has allowed 15 of the 26 bat species present in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Student: Gonzalo Calle Díaz
OROGRAPHY: The glacial formations predominate and the later erosive processes, with high peaks that reach 3,355 m in Monte Perdido. It has a continental climate.
VEGETATION: On the slopes of the mountains is where the forests of firs, pines and gall oaks unfold, but, undoubtedly, one of the most outstanding natural spectacles of the Reserve are the lush beech forests, especially those of the Ordesa Valley.
FAUNA: Among the species of mammals that populate this territory stands out among all of them the Pyrenean chamois or chamois. An animal that moves habitually, in small herds, through the pastures and slopes located at higher altitude. Along with the sarrio other mammals that populate the Reserve are the marmot or the vole, and around the birds the common capercaillie, bearded vulture, ptarmigan, boreal owl, Capiblanco blackbird, red-billed chough or teprarriscos.
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Alumno: Marcos Téllez Sánchez
OROGRAFIA:
The National Park of Monfragüe is located in the region of Extremadura ( Spain ).
Its extension is 17000 hectares.
For the park pass the Tajo river.
It´s a middle mountain areas. There are many rocky zones, torrents and abroad zones.
Its climate is soft.
VEGETATION:
It has extenses dehesas with tipycal mediterranean forest, with holm oaks. Also there are shrubs such as rockroses, arbutus or heathers.
FAUNA:

The National park of Monfrague has more than 280 vertebrate species, among those higlight imperial eagle, linx, black stork and the famous black vulture.

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alumno:Jimena Alfonso Martin
OROGRAFIA:
The Doñana National Park has an area of 50,720 ha, located southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, mostly in the province of Huelva and a smaller part in the province of Seville. Part of the environment is also protected as Doñana Natural Park in an area of 53,709 ha. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994. It is considered the largest ecological reserve in Europe. During the winter, its large expanse of marsh hosts numerous species of waterfowl, which usually reach 200,000 individuals each year.
FLORA:
In the Doñana Park the climate is mild, the winters are relatively humid and the summers are dry. The rains occur mainly in spring and autumn, sometimes torrential because of the cold drops.
The flora is very diverse (more than 900 species) due to the existence of different ecosystems.
They have special interest the maritime juniper, the cork oak, the stone pine, the oleander, the barrón, the broom, the thyme, the rosemary, the blackberry ...
In the dunes, and as a consequence of the strong wind, the burial of the vegetation is very common, trees that with time come up dead due to the movements of sand.
FAUNA:
In the Doñana National Park each ecosystem has its own and different fauna.
Thus we find freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and many birds.
Mammals include deer and wild boar.
The most threatened animals are the Iberian lynx, the imperial eagle and the gray marbled teal.
The most common animals are flamingos, storks and greylag goose.
CLIMA:

The Doñana park has a mild Mediterranean climate. This Mediterranean climate is characterized by relatively wet winters and dry summers that are the result of variations in the polar front and high subtropical pressures. The most rainy seasons are the intermediate ones, in spring and especially in autumn there can be torrential rains caused by the accumulation of heat in the water masses during the summer, and the arrival of cold polar droplets. In winter, on the other hand, thermal anticyclones may appear locally. Temperatures are mild throughout the year at about 15 ºC. The most significant weather is the three or five months of aridity in the summer; when it is under the control of the subtropical anticyclone.
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ALUMNO: Elena Valera Jiménez
OROGRAFÍA: It is the second in extension and third in population of the Balearic archipelago. Menorca is the easternmost and northernmost island of the Balearic Islands (Spain). The capital of the island is Mahón.
FLORA:It should be noted that there are no deciduous trees.
Several domestic species such as the carob tree, the almond tree, the fig trees and the olive tree.Near the beaches we find junipers and many coves surrounded by pine trees.
FAUNA:We can find martens, ferrets, weasels, rabbits, bats, field mice and hedgehogs. Among reptiles the Mediterranean tortoise, Balearic lizard, some small and non-poisonous snakes.
Birds are the group with the greatest presence on the island.
There are a large number of birds of prey and scavengers easily spotted such as hawks, kestrels, hawks, Egyptian vultures and marsh harriers, and others less visible due to the decrease in specimens due to the reduction of breeding places such as the osprey, the booted eagle, and the real kite. Others are difficult to observe because of their nocturnal habits such as scoops owls and owls.
CLIMA: The climate of Menorca is typically Mediterranean, with average annual temperatures of 16.7 ° C.

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ALUMNO: Javier Díez Gómez
OROGRAFIA: The Mancha Húmeda it is a Biosphere Reserve since 1980 and has an area of ​​25,000 ha. It is located in the Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha, (Spain).

FLORA : reeds, bulrush,

holm oak, sabina.
FAUNA:reptiles, waterfowl as well as raptors, amphibians and fish such as carp or boga.

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Reserve of the biosphere of marshes of the Odiel

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Reserve of the biosphere of marshes of the Odiel

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ALUMNO: Sara Pereira del Moral
OROGRAFÍA: It is a natural space located at the mouth of the river Odiel, in Huelva, it includes the municipalities of vibrated, Aljaraque and Punta Umbría.
CLIMA:The climate is hot and dry, the average rainfall is 500mm, the season where more  rain is recorder of the autum and winter.
FLORA: Suaeda Vera, Ammophila arenia, Lotus Creticus, Armeria Pungens, Juncus Acutus.
FAUNA: Martín Pescador, Buho campestre, Chortilejo patinegro, Porrón pardo and Garza real.

PHOTO: