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-It had little influence within the government because it was too divided to be effective
-It was ordered to be disbanded on 26 February 1917

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- Achieved some success in terms of social reforms

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- a workers' council in Saint Petersburg in 1905
- the beginning of a communist political protest

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Political debate and discussion increased

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Political debate and discussion increased

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-Feb-June 1907
-Increased strength in the radical left
-Stolypin wanted approval for an agrarian reform programme, when the Duma refused, it dissolved

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First legally established political party in Russia

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For the first time political parties were legalized in Russia allowing for the advocation of the people's voice regardless of their real power

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The moderate liberals formed the Union of October 17, led by Alexander Guchkov, agreeing to work with the Tsar

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-Peasant faith healer
-Stopped Alexei's bleeding
-known as the 'God's messenger'
-was given exceptional power and influence provoked the public
-murdered in 1916

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Formation of the State Duma

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Nicholas II delivered it on October 17, 1905, promising full civil liberties

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Increased peasant literacy also meant that revolutionary propaganda found more support in rural communities

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-Alcohol, 30% of gov't income,  was stopped being sold.
- Inflation increased the cost of living
- Army recruited women and children to work in factories
- Peasants were not upset about the war; they experienced good harvests and sold horses at a higher price.

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- struggled to provide and equip so many soldiers
- later on suffered from lack of training and experience in recruits
- Brusilov Offensive, Russia's advance had Austrian army close to collapse but the over-stretched communication lines failed and they had to back off
- moral was low due to heavy losses and news of trouble at home

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The Duma met in 1915 to demand real power from Nicolas II in order to improve the war effort.

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- Made up of mostly liberals and centrists.
- Made major demands for reforms.
- Dissolved by the Tsar after 73 days.

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At the time, the Trans-Siberian railway was not yet complete, so soldiers had no efficient way of receiving rations

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Wanted an elected National Legislative Assembly, and organized revolutionary banquets in 1904

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-Appointed Chief Minister in 1907
-Introduced reforms to boost Russian peasantry into prosperous property owners, and pressured newspapers and unions to increase peace in Russia
-This peace was short-lived as his reforms did not address the root problems (land hunger, social divide), and due to the emergence of World War One
-Assassinated by radicals in 1911

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Creation of the National Assembly:
-  Nicholas II's attempt to stop the revolutionary movements (assembly w/ legislative powers)
State Duma:
- To weaken opposition through suppression

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Consisted of Mensheviks, Revolutionaries & Bolsheviks. Later disbanded the Provincial Gov't after a 2nd revolution in 1917.

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Fought for Constitutional Monarchy

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Alienated lower classes and failed to act on the land distribution & worker's conditions issues, so the masses turned to the Petrograd Soviet.

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Minorities wanted Russification to end

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-Minister of internal affairs.
-Made a declaration that a 'short victorious war' would stop the internal political opposition threatening the tsardom.
-Assassinated by a Social Revolutionary bomb in July 1904
-his death was celebrated

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Workers wanted more political power to influence pay, working hours, etc

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Lead to increased rioting, strikes, and military mutinies as well as the creation of soviets (ie St Petersburg Soviets)

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Increase in peasant revolts from 1902-1905

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- SRs: wanted socialism based on peasants communes.
- SDs: wanted the working class to create a socialist state.

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Last occasion the Russian people approached the Tsar in his role as ‘father’ of the people.

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Poor harvests and economic slump was felt mostly by the working class, causing strikes
-Lenin and Martov helped organize strikes in 1896-97

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Foreign loans became difficult to negotiate

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Great defeat left in the Russo Japanese war left Russia with wasted resources, global humiliation, and political unrest; motivation for Bloody Sunday.

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Led a march on the winter palace, ending in Bloody Sunday, and his death, along with several hundred others.

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Annual growth went from 8% to 1% after 1899

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22 January 1905:  A peaceful march of 150,000 St Petersburg workers hoping to bring a petition to the Tsar.  Led by Father Gapon

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Russia's participation in World War One

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Establishment of The Duel Power

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- Soviet = elected strike committee for workers
-Marxist
- Leon led the St. Petersburg Soviet which quickly assumed leadership of the other soviets in other towns
- showed that is was possible to challenge the government through workers' uprisings

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Was the emperor of Russia between 1894-1917 when he was forced to abandon his throne due to the lack of change of  the state of Russia.

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(people, groups, parties etc)

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-Minister of Finance between 1892 and 1903
-Introduced many reforms including: an increased industrial sector (resulted in poor working/living conditions), higher taxes, and placed much pressure on agricultural industry (famine
-Improved economy in the short-run, would not last