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Order: Mononegavirales (viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA genomes)

Family: Rhabdoviridae (with a distinctbullet shape, includes at least 3 genera of animal virus ie. Lyssavirus, Epemerovirus and vesiculouvirus)

Genus: Lyssavirus (includes rabies virus, lagos bat, Makola virus, Duvenhage virus, bat virus)

Species: rabies virus

https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/virus.html

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http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/transmission-electron-micrograph-of-rabies-high-res-stock-photography/128571291?esource=SEO_GIS_CDN_Redirect

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Stucture Lyssavirus

- Lyssavirions are enveloped, with bullet shaped geometries
-  These virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long
- Lyssavirions have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape
- Lyssavirus genomes consist of a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA molecule .

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Receptor of virus will bind to the cell membrane and enter host cell through endosomal.
The virus able to enter cell due to the low pH and aid of glycoprotein G.
After entry is the transcription process by P-L polymerase.
It can only recognize ribonucleoprotein but not RNA as template.
Transcription is regulate by cis-acting sequence and protein M. It also help in virus binding and regulate the fraction if mRNA production to replication.
The function is to produce full length of positive strand RNA copies.

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Rabies is known as one of the oldest infectious diseases in human history. It can cause infection to animals and human by the Rabies virus (RABV) as it can affects the central nervous system. The virus can be carried by any warm blooded mammal and transmitted to human through bites from the infected animal. The Lyssavirus is an unsegmented RNA virus from the rhabdoviridae family. The rabies vaccine is developed by Louis Pasteur in 1885 during a time when the nature of viruses was still a mystery

References:
Badrane, H., Tordo, N. (2001).

Host switching in Lyssavirus history from the Chiroptera to the Carnivora orders.

Retrieved from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11483755

Siegel, R. (1998). Rhabdoviridae. Humans and viruses.
Retrieved from: https://virus.stanford.edu/rhabdo/rhabdoviridae.html

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1. Rabies is usually transmitted from the bite of a rabid animal
2. People may get rablies if infectious material (ie. saliva) gets directly into their eyes, nose, mouth or a wound
3. Non-bite exposure - wounds contaminated with infectious material
-given postexposure prophylaxis (treament)
4. Inhalation of aerosolized rabies virus - most people won't encounter this except for lab worker
5. Other contact ie. blood, urine, feaces of a rabid animal does not constitute an exposure
6. there are cases of rabies by human-human transmission

http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM197903153001105

https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/exposure.html

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/lyssaviruses

Lyssaviruses are regarded as relatively fragile and are susceptible to a range of physical agents: virions are rapidly destroyed by heat, and heating to 50°C for 15 min completely inactivates the virus. Lyssaviruses are also inactivated by light and ultraviolet rays, and by different chemical agents including lipid solvents (ether, chloroform), quaternary ammoniums, bleach, and soapy solutions (practical application to the washing of bite wounds and their disinfection) (Kaplan, 1996).
Future candidate vaccines need to be designed with broad-spectrum activity against all lyssaviruses, and ease of delivery using either oral or parenteral routes focusing on the creation of herd immunity among species.

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Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of warm-blooded animals,
All mammals are susceptible to this virus, it includes the dogs, wolves, raccoons, and bats.
Rabies-related lyssaviruses seem to be maintained in insectivorous bats and fruit bats.
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted with the contact of the saliva from infected animals. A bite from rabies-infected dog can transmit the virus into another host