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- an arrangement of elements such as panels, bars and windows to create and manipulate

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main part of imageediting, it is a set of tools that help when editing an image

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photoshop layers are like sheets of paper stacked on top of each other that help advance your image editing

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It allows you to search the information about the specific functions and solutions in photoshop.

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a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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elements to enable you to adjust the colors in your image like brightness and its intensity.

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global adjustment of the intensities of colors, usually primary colors.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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allows you to zoom in closer into a picture or farther away.

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When the Hand tool is active, you can hold down the Alt key and click the image to zoom out, or hold down the Ctrl key and click to zoom in — without needing to press the spacebar like you would with the normal keyboard shortcut

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allows you to draw both freehand and straight edge slections

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the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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Ctrl +ALT + Z

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ALT + mouse wheel

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B

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E

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[ ] brackets

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ALT + click color
(paint brush tool

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Ctrl + J

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Ctrl + Shift +J

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while selecting to add to selection

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while selecting to remove selection

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Ctrl + D

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Refine edges

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inverse selection , reverse what you selected 

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inverse selection , reverse what you selected 

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Shift + Ctrl + I

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CTRL + E

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It allows us to easily draw freeform selection outlines based on straight-sided polygonal shapes.

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You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly “paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image.

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let you select rectangles, ellipses, and 1‑pixel rows and columns.

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can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area.

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For retouching a large area or for more control over the source sampling

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it initially operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patch from or patch to

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will allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

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caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open

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The more you paint over an area with the Dodge or Burn tool, the lighter or darker it becomes

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hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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It allows you to chose a brush to desaturate or saturate a certain area on a picture.

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to retouch photos by copying one area of an image onto another area.

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Resize the canvas using the Crop tool. From the toolbar, select the Crop Tool . Crop borders display on the edges of the image.

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The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height

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Drag along a feature in the image that you want to orient horizontally or vertically.A If you need to adjust the line, move either endpoint

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You can add a mask to a layer and use the mask to hide portions of the layer and reveal thelayers below. Masking layers is a valuable compositing technique for combining multiple photos into a single image or for removing a person or object from a photo

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blurs certain areas or backgrounds of your picture

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The Sharpen tool increases contrast along edges to increase apparent sharpness.

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The Smudge tool performs a kind of warping effect by pushing your pixels around as if they consisted of wet paint, using the color that's under the cursor when you start to stroke

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The gradient tool can be used to draw linear, radial, angular, reflected or diamond gradients.

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Specify whether to fill the selection with the foreground color or with a pattern. Specify a blending mode and opacity for the paint

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer

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The Vertical Type Mask Tool creates creates type-shaped selections.

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In photography, the golden hour is a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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High-dynamic-range imaging is a high dynamic range technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center

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Spot metering is where the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot.

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is where the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot.

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It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones

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a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.

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This usually referred to a work of art that was divided into sections and hinged together

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. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.