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Iris recognition is commonly used as a physical access control modality, ideal for high throughput environments that demand speed and accuracy. It is also used frequently in border control deployments, able to identify travelers as they enter and exit countries by land, sea and air.

Iris scanners have become more common and even being used in smartphones such as the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 as do a few other phones.

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Output devices-

These are devices that output the information proccesed by the computer, for example:

Monitors- These display visuals and sometimes sound from the device

TV’s – These display visuals and sound from the device

Speakers- These play sound from the device

VR goggles – These display visuals from the device

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Manual and automatic data processing

Manual- some manual examples include: keying in email and phone orders, entering details from a paper form, processing sales and entering/collecting survey responses

Automatic- automatic data processing is processing or collective of data carried out by a computer, with little human input. Some examples include: satellites, atm transactions, bitcoin mining and smart meters.

Accessibility devices

These are devices that provide alternative input and output sources that are not always available. Often utilized by the disabled. Some examples include: voice or speech recognition, screen readers, touch screens, eye motion/ head trackers and

screen magnifiers.

Characteristics and implications of storage media used to form part of an IT system

Storage devices such as usb drives, DVD’s and external hard drives are often used by individuals, while businesses often use servers. A system called RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is often used, which allows data to be spread across many discs.

Types of operating systems

This is the platform which allows software to be ran, windows being the most common. There are several types of OS’s including- real time operating systems, these process data in real time. Single user single task, these can only run one user application at once. Single user multi tasking, these allow several application to run at the same time. Multi user, these allow several users to operate the same or different software at once.

The role of the operating system

Networking, a networking operating system allows access to resources and devices on a network, including task such as printing and file backing up. Security, these check for attacks to the system. They analyze data to form intelligence about the it systems health to protect from cyber attacks. Memory management, operating systems require memory to run and would fail with insufficient amounts. Multi tasking, modern PCs can performs many tasks at once, such as scanning for viruses while playing music and researching online, while being provided with system info, such as battery charge remaining. Device drivers, these manage peripheral devices by using a driver to link the peripheral to the computer.

Factors affecting user interface choice

Graphical, (GUI’s) these allow users to operate a computer through visual icons, yet this uses more memory and power than other ways but needs no knowledge of command sto use. Command line, this is when a computer is operated by the input of text, being able to operate on low spec computer but requiring the user to have a knowledge of commands. Menu based, these require less memory then GUI’s he require user knowledge.

Factors affecting choice of an operating system

Many people would like to use more than one application at a time, which is feasible due to the increasing power of phones and computers. The OS should be chosen depending on the needs of the user, with a casual user’s best option being an easy to use GUI, while a more dedicated user may use a command line based OS.

Factors affecting use and performance of an operating system

The amount of data being used at one will affect this, as will the processing power of the computer used.

Utility software

The purpose of this is to undertake routine tasks, such as: security tests, virus identification and removal, backing up data and downloading software updates. Factors affecting the choice of this software include: bandwidth, conflict with other software, memory failures and what the user wants from the software.

Application software

This allows users to interact with digital devices and perform many functions. Some examples of this are Microsoft world and python. Businesses also use application software, such as in the farming industry, where software is used to manage harvesting, sorting, cleaning and packaging produce. The factors that affect its use are: what the user want the software to do, familiarity with the software and its system requirements.

Open source and proprietary operating systems and software

The source code behind all systems and software is either open source or proprietary. Open source, this is a collaborative effort where a programmer contributes to the programming, which is then peer reviewed for testing and to see if it functions correctly. The defining feature is that the code is open for use by all, also being free. Proprietary code is privately owned an software using it needs to be purchased. It is often used by businesses like Microsoft and apple, often being produced by multiple employees of said company, instead of there only being one coder like in open source code. Due to the developers having sole control over the code, they can identify issues with in and send out patches to fix the issues.

The impact and features of user interfaces in computer software

User interfaces are the front facing link between the computer and humans operating it. They have been revolutionized by GUI’s which no longer require the input of code and make computers easily accessible. This means there are increasing levels of technological skills without the need of training and allows users or are disabled to user computers  with ease.

The features of common file types and formats

File types help the computer determine which software is associated with that file. File types are automatically assigned to files by the computer. Some image file names include: .jpg, .tif and .gif. Some commons video file types are: .mov, .avi and .mp4.

Use and selection of file types and formats

The method for storing s file depends on the type of file it is. Some examples of are: Bitmap, this Microsoft Windows associated file does not lose quality or resolution, yet results in large file sizes. JPEG can be opened in most software applications, the file takes up less memory due to the file being compressed, yet the image quality is not the best. Tiff, these retain the high quality of the image, however is not compatible with many types of software and so has limited use. MP3 files only contain audio p, while MP4 files contain both sound and audio of good quality. However, the fact that these are not protected file types can mean they are vulnerable to piracy.

The concepts and implications of how emerging technologies affect the performance of IT systems

Emerging technology can affect IT systems, putting demands on current systems. An example of this would be how the launch of streaming media from many organizations has put more strain on an already saturated infrastructure. Other ways in which it impacts the performance of IT systems include: technology is always expected to be on, the cost of emerging technologies and the equipment needed to run electric devices.

Implications of emerging technologies on the personal use of IT systems

Benefits of this are: keeping in touch with family and friends, instant access to world news, tv programs, films and music, multiple functions within a single digital device and the ability to store thousands of high quality photos with ease.

Implications of emerging technologies on the use of IT systems in organizations

It has allowed businesses to source supplies globally, as opposed to only in the local area. Products can also be sold and marketed internationally, however it has become easy for a business to be burdened with the high costs of maintaining technology, accommodating expensive equipment and training staff to use technology. It has also allowed the use of computers in jobs that could be hazardous to humans, such as mining or working in a radiated zone such as Chernobyl.

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VGA- Video Graphic Array
HDMI- High Definition Media Interface

Remote desktop-
This allows people on a foreign device to connect to and take control of a PC. This can be utilised for such services as tech support and repair of software. An example of a remote desktop software would be team viewer, which is free for individuals but company's must buy it.

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Intranet- A local network restricted to those within an organisation. For example, the school runs on one.

Extranet- This is a network that is limited to autharused users that can be external.

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Codes of practice are self-regulated company codes for how the business and its employees should behave online and offline. This has both advantages and disadvantages for the business such as: The business will be slowed to tailor its code of practice to attract specific types of customers, however the business will need to create these codes themselves, as they are not state-set, which could use up employees time.

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Computer misuse act 1990 lists three offences-
1. Unauthorised access to a computer system
2. Unauthorised access with intent to commit  a criminal act
3. Unauthorised access and modification of a computer system
Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 sets out rules for copyright and artistic licensing relating to all multimedia, these being-
1. broadcasting
2. films and recordings
3. databases, computer design and backup copies
4. rental and loans
5. accessibility
The Copyright regulations 1992 expands on the copyright designs act, stating-
1. jurisdiction (now includes northern Ireland)
2. literary work, such as design material for a computer program
3. restrictions to issuing copies of  and adapting or converting computer programs
4. permission to back up copies of programs when for lawful use
The health and safety (display screen equipment) regulations 1992-
Sets out rules for the use of "any device or equipment that has an alphanumeric or graphic display screen". This is due to the health implications of screens, such as RSI ( repetitive strain injury).
Data protection act 1998 expands upon obvious restrictions and includes rules about disclosing and the use of data-
1. Copying someones data without their permission is illegal
2. Businesses must disclose the use of phone or CCTV recordings, as well as justify their use of CCTV.
Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 and 2.0 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) contains guidance for creating web content which avoids discrimination by providing tips on-
1. user interface and visual design
2. writing and presenting content
3. markup and coding

Why do you think the rules alter especially with the specific laws you have mentioned above? NHP

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A storage device is a peace of computer equipment that is capable of storing information and data that is saved onto it. An example of a storage device would be a hard-drive. Most storage devices are a input and a output device this is because you can read and wright onto the device this allows for the transfer of data on the device to the screen.

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Impact of IT systems-

Since the year 2000, internet usage across the planet has increased from 360 million to over 3.75 billion. The Internet provides services for nearly everything we need, however some people can take advantage of this and conduct fraud.

Financial services are regulated by the financial conduct authority (FCA) and prudent regulation authority (PRA)

IS FRAUD THE ONLY PROBLEM? OR PERHAPS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM WE FACE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY? WHAT OTHER 'SOCIAL' ISSUES WILL THE WORLD FACE AS TECH DEVELOPS?

Definitions-
QR- quick response, a 3D bar code that takes scanners to a site.

CRM- customer relationship management system

MIS- management information system

SAP- systems, applications and products in a data processing system

Data cleansing- checking data for accuracy, currency and completeness

Data verification- checking data against original source to find inaccuracies

Data validation- checks if the data makes sense and is reasonable

Qualitative data- based on categories, eg hair colour

Quantitative- based on numerical data, eg height

CSV- comma separated values is a file type which stores records in a line and presents data in plain text, each field being separated by a comma.
EPOS- Electronic point of service,

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Verification
verification means checking the data with its original source to find innacuracies. another method is to enter data twice and check them against each other e.g passwords

Validation is to check that the data meets preprogramed parameters designed to check that the data makes sense and is reasonable.

Can you give an example of both?

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as the world is connected more by IT systems the moral and ethical issues increase and companies and individuals need to consider the impact of their choices on multi cultural groups.

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The 1988 Copyright Designs and Patents act sets the rules for copyright and artistic licencing relating to multimedia, specifically: broadcasting, films and recordings, ownership, databases, computer design and backup-copies, rental and loans and accessibility.

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numerical modelling is producing a mathematical model to perform predetermined actions such as calculations in a spread sheet.
can be used to manage finances and budget and make market predictions.

Data modelling is creating a conceptual image of the meaning of the data to consider alternatives.

WHERE MIGHT DATA MODELLING BE USED?

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the disposal of it equipment such as hardware and printer cartridges has do be done responsibly as these things may be carcinogenic.
the use of technology also uses natural resources and increases our carbon footprint.

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Primary data is data that an organisation or person has collected themselves

Secondary Data is data that is bought in or collected by someone else.
- research articles.
- government reports.
- journalist accounts.
- reference materials.

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operating systems are platforms which enable installed software to be used on a digital device. it acts as an interface between the hardware and software.
example:
windows
IOS
Android
ChromeOS
these operate with (GUIs) graphical user interfaces.
Real time operating systems are systems which process data in current time for example Windows CE RTlinux.
Single user Single task systems can only run one user application at any one time for example basic mobile phones.
Single user multitasking systems deal with multiple applications at one time such as smart phones.
Multi user systems enable multipul people to acess the same application at the same time such as a spreadsheet.
The role of operating systems
Networking - networking operating systems Controls access to resources and devices on a network.
Security - run ongoing checks forattacks to the system and its software.
Multitasking - Many operating sytems are scanning for attacks, storing memory, and enabling internet searches and many other things all at once.
Device drivers - the operating system manages your peripheral devices by using a driver to link the device

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unequal access to information technology

half of the worlds population do not have access to the internet and there is still a large percentage of people without any access to technology at all.

IS THIS AN ISSUE? OR COULD IT BE OF BENEFIT? THINK ABOUT THE QUESTION RE: CML INTERFACE BEING USED IN EMERGING COUNTRIES THROUGH THE USE OF RE-CYCLED TECH

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They enable users to remote control a computer through the use of the internet. They are used in tech support when you need help with a computing issue

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Make sure you are okay with the things discussed in P6 today, we shall look at some individual tasks relating to DATA Transfer Protocols, the main three you need to be aware of include POP3 (post office protocol) SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) and IMAP (internet message access protocol).
We also discussed the differences between an intranet and an extranet - again you need to have knowledge of real world experience of this - ask your teacher to see the TCA intranet! (talk about no expense spent).
And finally, we discussed the need for compression of data, where and why we compress data, the benefits of doing so and also the drawbacks that comes with compressing data, especial when it comes to the transfer of said data.

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online services can be used for things such as retail, financial services, education and training and news and information. another use for online services is entertainment and leisure so sites like Netflix and amazon prime. another use of online services is productivity such as remote desktop and office 365.

businesses can specifically target customers with products that they might be interested in.

online services allow collaborative working.
stock control can be carried out automatically as most products will have barcodes which updates a database when they are scanned.
data logging is monitoring something in real time such as cctv cameras and fuel pumps.
advertising - pop up adverts and adverts before videos.
QR code -Quick Response code.

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Connectivity
Connectivity is the ability to process digital data by connecting the systems together. This can be done by using a range of methods for example Bluetooth or USB.
You can send data through a wired connection or a wireless connection. wireless allows you to have with the device where as a wired connection requires you to have to have a physical link between the devices.

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Personal area network
connecting personal devices such as mobile phones and pcs to printers and cars and allows individuals to sync their data across their devices.
Local Area Network
Provides connection between devices in a small area or building.
Wide Area Networking
uses telecommunications to connect devices around the world. the internet is an example of a wide area network
Security issues
businesses regularly check to ensure the data they are sending remains secure and make sure it is not intercepted.

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wireless and wired methods of transmission
USB - most prevelent wired connection can also provide power.
Bluetooth - wireless method used for headphones, wireless mice etc.
VGA HDMI these are video connections that transmitt an image to some kind of display.
Fibre optic - super fast glass cables allowing faster internet speeds.
4G - fastest mobile internet connection available to the public.
Make sure you are 100% sure as to what the acronym stands for, especially in the exam! NHP

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Image
.bmp BITMAP
.tif TIFF
.jpg JPEG
.gif GIF
.raw RAW

Video
.mov MOV
.avi AVI
.mp4 MPEG4

doccument
DOC
RTF
word processing documents can take the form of a DOC file or a RTF rich text file.

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enables the user to interact with their digital devices to perform many different functions.
constructed using programmig code.
Microsoft word and excel.
also include internet browsers and phone apps.
Purpose - farming - software applications can help manage harvesting, cleaning and packing.
Textiles- used in the design and manufacture of textiles.

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Purpose -
security checks
removing viruses
cleaning up files
software updates
backing up data
issuing warnings or reminders
managing peripheral devices.

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Hardware is a physical component of a PC or any other programmable device, an example of this would be the CPU in a PC. These are physical objects inserted into the devices. For example, a CPU is installed on a motherboard in a PC.

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enable users to be part of a local area network whilst being located remotely. A virtual tunnel is made across the internet. VPNs dont use the cloud as the servers they connect to are physical. VPNs allow users to secure their data and access blocked websites any ware with a internet connection however it does not allow collaborative working. VPNs can be free however the capabilities are limited so many VPNs are payed on a monthly basis like a subscription service   How do I establish one? do they cost money? NHP

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Voice or speech recognation allows users to give instructions to digital devices using their voices rather than fingers.
Screen readers - software that reads text on the screen aloud to the user and can also describe images to the user - helpful for visually impaired people.
Touch screens- helpfull for people who cant use keyboards.
screen magnifiers- helpful for people who are visually impaired.
Sip and puff systems, eye motion sensors, head motion sensors are helpful for people who are paralysed.

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Data collection carried out by a computer with very little human input.
- Smart Meters
- Seismometer
- Satellites
- Bit coin Mining

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Input devices-

These are devices that send data to a computer, such as:

Keyboard- Sends the corresponding key pressed by the user to the computer

Mouse- Sends movement to the computer to move the mouse

Ethernet cable- Sends information from the internet to the computer

Controller- Sends the instructions of the corresponding button to the device

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The following are examples of manual processing.

-Typing in mail and telephone orders.
-Entering customer data from paper forms
-processing sales (checkout operators at a supermarket)
-Marking exam scripts

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Application or programs that are stored onto a computer. help us carry out certain functions and include things such as Word, PowerPoint and Photoshop.

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Computer equipment that you can physically touch. including computers and other digital devices and peripherals such as keyboards and printers.

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they are peripheral devices that are used for storing data.

they allow you to save storage space on your computer, physically transfer files rather than over the internet and to back up data.

External Hard drive - Used to backup large amounts of data and are mainly used with laptops due to their low storage capacity.

USB Flash Drives - store small amounts of data and are good for transferring data.

SD card - high capacity storage in a small space mainly used in cameras and mobile phones.

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Output devices provide information to the user from the computer. They perform a function using software stored in the computer.

Printer - They reproduce text and images on paper based on data sent from the commuter they can be connected to the computer with a wire or wirelessly over Wi-Fi.

Monitors - are a digital display and show whatever data or software is being accessed on the computer.

Projectors - similar to monitors however they project the image onto a white or silver surface and allow bigger displays.

Speakers - Used to listen to sound coming from the computer.

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input devices interact with and send information to the computer. They pass data but do not store data and they can be connected using a cable or connected wirelessly through Bluetooth.

Keyboard - allows user to transmit instructions or send data to the computer.
Mouse - allows the user to make selections on the screen.

Microphone - this is used to transmit sounds across the internet.

Webcam - allows the user to transmit video across the internet.

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Storage devices-

These are devices and pieces of hardware, in which, data is stored. These can store data in several different ways, such as on a disk within hard drive or in the floating gates of a  flash drive. However, such devices are becoming less prevalent with the internet and cloud based storage. They are both input and output devices

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Software is the code that is running on a device such as a computer. The software can be anything from the operating system to an application such as Microsoft word. Software is something that you can never touched, it is a non physical item. Software can be found on any device and will allow the device to preform a massive range of tasks more software can also be added to the device by installing it onto the device.

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Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology is used to help detect, deter and disrupt criminality at a local, force, regional and national level, including tackling traveling criminals, Organised Crime Groups and terrorists. ANPR provides lines of enquiry and evidence in the investigation of crime and is used by LEA throughout England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.How it worksAs a vehicle passes an ANPR camera, its registration number is read and instantly checked against database records of vehicles of interest. Police officers can intercept and stop a vehicle, check it for evidence and, where necessary, make arrests. A record for all vehicles passing by a camera is stored, including those for vehicles that are not known to be of interest at the time of the read that may in appropriate circumstances be accessed for investigative purposes. The use of ANPR in this way has proved to be important in the detection of many offences, including locating stolen vehicles, tackling uninsured vehicle use and solving cases of terrorism, major and organised crime. It also allows officers’ attention to be drawn to offending vehicles whilst allowing law abiding drivers to go about their business unhindered.

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Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology is used to help detect, deter and disrupt criminality at a local, force, regional and national level, including tackling traveling criminals, Organised Crime Groups and terrorists. ANPR provides lines of enquiry and evidence in the investigation of crime and is used by LEA throughout England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.How it worksAs a vehicle passes an ANPR camera, its registration number is read and instantly checked against database records of vehicles of interest. Police officers can intercept and stop a vehicle, check it for evidence and, where necessary, make arrests. A record for all vehicles passing by a camera is stored, including those for vehicles that are not known to be of interest at the time of the read that may in appropriate circumstances be accessed for investigative purposes. The use of ANPR in this way has proved to be important in the detection of many offences, including locating stolen vehicles, tackling uninsured vehicle use and solving cases of terrorism, major and organised crime. It also allows officers’ attention to be drawn to offending vehicles whilst allowing law abiding drivers to go about their business unhindered.

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Software is a program ran by a computer that’s does a specific task, such as an OS or an editing program. These are nonphysical and are often stored on a hard drive for the computer to access, but can also be stored in the cloud.

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Iris bio metrics measure the unique patterns in the colored circle of your eye to verify and authenticate your identity. These have the ability to operate at longer ranges, with some systems only requiring a glance. Iris-based software is not common but thanks to recent developments in bio metrics, the technology has become more available for people in terms of the cost and accessibility of its installation.

This technology has many uses and can be very helpful for identification purposes specificity, either to sign into work or to catch criminals.

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Globally, there will be nearly 541.6 million public Wi-Fi hotspots by 2021, up from 94 million hotspots in 2016

“Wanna-Cry” ransomware is a recently created ransomware, disocvered in may 2017. This encrypts files and documents on a PC or even across a network. Victims can often only regain access to their files and PCs by paying a ransom to the criminals behind it.

The global average broadband speed continues to grow and will nearly double from 2016 to 2021, from 27.5 Mbps to 53.0 Mbps.

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Hardware is the physical aspect of a system such the device itself. It refers to the components and the peripherals devices that would be attached to the computer such as speakers, mouse and keyboards. Hardware is something that you can always see and touch. it usually consists of input and output devices.

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Input devices
Input devices are things that send a signal or data to a device such as a PC. Some examples of a input device are: Cameras, Video capture hardware and bar-code reader all of there input devices send data to the computer for example the bar-code reader will send the information that it scans from the bar-code to the computer.
Output Devices
An output device is something that takes information from a computer or other device and outputs it, for example a speaker would take the information from a device and output the information as sound this is taking the information from another device and giving it an output. Other examples of an output device are: Monitors, Printers and Projectors.

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Consumer Video-on-Demand (VoD) traffic will nearly double by 2021. The amount of VoD traffic in 2021 will be equivalent to 7.2 billion DVDs per month.
Annual global IP traffic will reach 3.3 ZB per year by 2021, or 278 exabytes (EB) per month. In 2016, the annual run rate for global IP traffic was 1.2 ZB per year, or 96 EB per month.

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Global internet traffic and the application of Moore's Law to it.

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Pink = jack
Blue = Ben

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Many modern mobile phones use data capture and collection systems. An example of this is the Samsung galaxy S9 which uses both fingerprint scanning and iris scanning to ensure the phone and its data are secure. Another example of this is the Apple Iphone X which uses fingerprint scanning and 3D face scanning which Apple say is impossible to cheat. 

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Many modern mobile phones use data capture and collection systems. An example of this is the Samsung galaxy S9 which uses both fingerprint scanning and iris scanning to ensure the phone and its data are secure. Another example of this is the Apple Iphone X which uses fingerprint scanning and 3D face scanning which Apple say is impossible to cheat. 

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Unit 1 The wet background should make it less 'dry'!

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Unit 1 The wet background should make it less 'dry'!

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So all the 'research tasks are available to view here - they will be updated as we go through the course.  What I want you to do upon completion of each task, is to post a snapshot of your work.  It needs to be a summary - it could take any form? An image, text - song or rap or just a load of information(boring).  It might be your revision resource created for the specific task or you may want to upload the page from your notebook?  Either way I want to see it and more importantly SHARE it

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Unit 1 Information Technology Systems.pptx

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Welcome to the BTEC IT Padlet board, you can post assets including text; videos and images...

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Welcome to the BTEC IT Padlet board, you can post assets including text; videos and images...

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Ask questions and also update me and each other of the things that we are doing.
Lets go....
So dry, dry boring old unit 1 - information technology systems, here's how we spice it up a little.....