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Bari, A., Khan, R., & Rathore, A. (2016). Medical errors; causes, consequences, emotional response and resulting behavioral change. Retrieved May 03, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928391/

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Check this out: Easy to understand graphic design. re.dwnld.me/5rjsx- check this out: 輕鬆易懂 圖表設計. re.dwnld.me/5rjsx check...: Medical errors, graphic design, medical. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/718957527999525274/

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Delbanco, T., Author AffiliationsDr. Delbanco is a professor of general medicine and primary care, T. T. Shimabukuro and Others, Others, E., & F. P. Polack and Others. (2021, April 21). Guilty, afraid, and alone - struggling with medical error: Nejm. Retrieved May 03, 2021, from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp078104

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O’Daniel, M. (n.d.). Professional communication and team collaboration. Retrieved May 04, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2637/

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Rodziewicz, T. (2021, January 04). Medical error reduction and Prevention. Retrieved May 03, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/

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1.) Human error can make the healthcare setting less trustworthy and make the fear of being in healthcare environments stronger. In the article, "Guilty, Afraid, and Alone- Struggling with Medical Error", it states that there are three typical responses to medical error and the second one is feeling afraid, "patients and their families may fear further harm." It causes a loss of trust that is so important in healthcare.

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Communication in healthcare has a big role on patient safety and care. Communication is key in making sure that things run smoothly in any setting especially in a setting where lives can be at stake. Having a work environment where mistakes are are accepted and corrected without extreme punishment helps open communication and makes the workplace run smoother and safer. In an article about how it helps to work in a place where there is good communication it shows there's a correlation between and medical error. "Lack of communication creates situations where medical errors can occur. These errors have the potential to cause severe injury or unexpected patient death" (Professional Communication and Team Collaboration) This shows there's an impact on patient safety based on communication.

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This picture shows how common medical error is. It puts into perspective that you are much more likely to be affected by medical error than a plane crash, but people are much more afraid of plane crashes.

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Advantages:
- Having checklists will reduce human error based on memory and it will remove the number of adverse effects. "Realizing how prone we as humans are for short term memory loss, it is striking how many potentially dangerous medical procedures are based on perfect memory. In this context, it is rather strange that checklists are not used more often in medicine." This quote from, "Implementation of Checklists in Healthcare" shows that having a checklist can decrease adverse effects.
- Checklists make the flow of the workplace and can make it run smoother which will in turn make there be less adverse effects. In the article, "Implementation of Checklists in Healthcare" it says, "Failure to check equipment and lack of vigilance are examples of factors associated with adverse events." These small things that with a better system can help reduce the number of adverse effects and medical error.

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Discussion Question: Do you think that checklists should be mandatory for everyone in the workplace?

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Throughout the time in this course I have had a big change in opinion on medical error. At the beginning of the semester I thought that medical error was always the fault of the worker. Going through this course I learned there are so many adverse effects that have big impacts on medical error. The lack of workers that creates long hours and rushed work makes the likelihood of medical error much higher.  I have also learned how guilty the worker that had a hand in the error feels. "As a consequence of medical error health care providers at all training levels experience feelings of guilt, disappointment, fear and sense of inadequacy of varying degree". This quote from "Guilty, Afraid, and Alone- Struggling with Medical Error shows how errors can make the worker feel inadequate. This class has changed my opinion a lot and made

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2.) Having the consequences of error can make workers feel less inclined to ask for help when they do make a mistake which can further the problem and have catastrophic effects. A paper called, "Error Reduction and Prevention", there is a portion about the fear of consequences in healthcare. It says, "Fear of punishment makes healthcare professionals reluctant to report errors. While they fear for patients’ safety, they also dread disciplinary action, including the fear of losing their jobs if they report an incident." The fear of reporting the incident can be much worse for the patient and can end up making them worse.

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Disadvantages:
- The use of checklists in the workplace can cause problems because people don't want to use them and feel that they are not trusted to do their job. "The end user must not get the feeling that he or she is deprived of the opportunity to apply common sense" (Implementation of Checklists in Healthcare) This quote shows that workers want to feel like they are trusted to do their work without being told how to do it.
- Having checklists without a problem that was already been found won't be used and is innately useless. If a checklist is put into place for no reason it will not work. It says in the article, "There must be a predefined problem that a checklist is the right tool for solving". This is because they will not understand why they are being forced to do something if there was never a problem.

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3.) Making mistakes in healthcare have mostly negative effects but it can also make the workplace take further precautions. This can make the healthcare setting eventually safer and better. In the paper, "Error Reduction and Prevention", it says, "Errors represent an opportunity for constructive changes and improved education in health care delivery." This is very important for people to remember when making a mistake because it can be used as a learning experience so no one else makes it.

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In any workplace there needs to be a set of rules that is cohesive for everyone that is involved or it won't flow correctly. Having a policy that only certain people need to follow will create animosity in the workplace. It would also make the people that are required to use the checklist feel that they are not trusted enough to do their job correctly without it. Overall in a workplace everyone needs to be required to follow the same rules in order for them to be successful.

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Thomassen, Ø, Espeland, A., Søfteland, E., Lossius, H., Heltne, J., & Brattebø, G. (2011, October 3). Implementation of checklists in health care; learning from high-reliability organisations. Retrieved May 04, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205016/