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a networking device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other from all the active ports.

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it is a networking device that connects host by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their specific destination.

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The data that passes through the switch will send it to all the active ports of the device.

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A switch works when we send a packet from Computer A to Computer C. At this point the switch doesn't know where the Computer C is so it will just behave like a hub and flood everything but it's learning by checking the MAC Address in the packets center field.

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1. Network hub- hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.
2. USB hub- hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port.

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Cheap.
Simple.
Can connect different media types.

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Half duplex.
Wastes Bandwidth.
Causes traffic

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None

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a kind of networking device that interconnects 2 or more networks together by dividing LAN into different segments.

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Full duplex.
Keeps a record of MAC Address.
Prevents bandwidth waste.
Increase network size.

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More Expensive.

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It works like a bus topology.  Example: PC1 sends the data to PC2, the data will transmit to the
bridge first. Then, bridge reads the MAC address & decides whether to
transmit the data to segment1 or segment2. The PC2 is accessible in
segment1, so the bridge will send the data in segment1 only & eliminates
all the connected PCs in segment2. In this way, the bridge reduces traffic in a computer network.

# data[].attributes.body
it is a network device that replicates and amplifies a received signal to an extended geographical area.

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Repeaters work by amplifying the received signal then rebroadcasts it to another area. By amplifying the signal, a repeater increases the transmission range of the original signal.

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1. Bridge- for wired
2. Wireless Bridge- for wireless.

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Reduces network traffic.
Prevents bandwidth waste.
Keeps the record of the MAC address.

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1. Wi-Fi Repeater- used to extend the coverage of your Wi-Fi Network.
2. Network Repeater-The specific characteristic of
this is that whatever it
receives it transmits to the
other LAN segment. This
does not understand the
frame format and also
physical addresses. In other
words, it is a transparent
device. Therefore, multiple
LANs connected by
repeaters may be
considered as a single LAN.
3. Telephone Repeater- used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.
4. Submarine Cable Repeater (no definition)
5.Radio Repeater-used to extend the coverage of a radio signal.

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Expensive.
Slower than Hubs.

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a networking device that allows devices to send and receive data over the internet by converting
analog signal into a digital
signal and vice versa.

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The modem converts the different kind of signals from the Internet to the Computer or device.

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-It amplifies the signal.
-It does not affect the performance of the network
when it’s performing its task on the signal.
- Repeaters can be used in different mediums for
reception and transmission.
- It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.

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-It is not possible to connect different network
architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is
needed.
-The number of repeaters to be used are limited between
two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which
results into packet collisions or problems in the packet
detection.
-Repeaters do not perform filtering the data.

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Cable modem- a modem that uses coaxial cables to
provide cable TV and high-speed
internet access.
DSL modem- a modem used to transfer
digital signals over standard
telephone lines.
USB modem- a portable modem (known as a
dongle) that plugs directly into a
USB port and uses a SIM-card to
connect to the internet.

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it is a networking device that connects computers and
other devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcher
that chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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High Transmission speed.
Support different kinds of media types.

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It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices
connected to it by distributing data packets to intended addresses of each device.
destination using the IP

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Vulnerable to malware and hackers.
Expensive.

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1. Wired Router-are typically box-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hard-lined"
or wired connections.
2. Wireless Router- is a router that distributes
internet connection through
one or more antenna
(wireless access points).
3. Brouter- is a combination of bridge and router. It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge), but can also route data to individual systems within a network
4. Modem Router-is the most common router used nowadays. iI is a router with built-in usb port and
Ethernet ports.

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-Communicate across networks
- Keeps a record of IP Address
-Prevents Bandwidth waste
- Increases network size

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-More expensive
-Security risks