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June 28, 1914 - Archduke Francis of Austria is assassinated

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June 28, 1914 - Archduke Francis of Austria is assassinated

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July 28, 1914 - Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia, Beginning WWl

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July 28, 1914 - Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia, Beginning WWl

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After the archduke was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Austria-Hungary determined that the appropriate response would be to prepare for military invasion of Serbia. Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with an ultimatum, demanding that anti-Austrian propaganda be suppressed, and that Austria-Hungary has permission to investigate the assassination. Serbia agreed, but nonetheless, Austria-Hungary carried through with its military preparedness measures. This is important because it caused Russia, a Serbian alibi, to begin mobilizing its military to prepare for an attack. The ultimate invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary began World War 1.

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August 7, 1914 - Battle of the Frontiers

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August 7, 1914 - Battle of the Frontiers

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The Battle of the Frontiers was one of the earliest main battles of World War 1. It occurred along the Western Front, and was fought between the Allied Powers of France, Belgium, and Britain against the Central Power of Germany. A series of battles took place along eastern France and the Ardennes Forest in Belgium until September 6th. Ultimately, the Battle of the Frontiers ended up being a massive fail for France and Britain. Germany managed to push both forces back as part of its new attack strategy, the Schlieffen Plan. Germany was able to significantly make its way into French territory, which eventually led to trench warfare. The French and British armies suffered many thousands of deaths and casualties as a result of the Battle of the Frontiers.

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January 31, 1915 - Germans Use Poison Gas For the First Time

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January 31, 1915 - Germans Use Poison Gas For the First Time

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February 1915 - The Turks Begin Forced Deportations of Armenians

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February 1915 - The Turks Begin Forced Deportations of Armenians

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February 7, 1915 - Germany Successfully Defeats Russia in Battle in East Prussia

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February 7, 1915 - Germany Successfully Defeats Russia in Battle in East Prussia

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February 16, 1915 - France Launches Offensive Attack on Germany

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February 16, 1915 - France Launches Offensive Attack on Germany

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February 18, 1915 - Germany Begins Naval Blockade of Great Britain

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February 18, 1915 - Germany Begins Naval Blockade of Great Britain

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April 25, 1915 - Allied Forces Land on the Gallipoli Peninsula of the Ottoman Empire

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April 25, 1915 - Allied Forces Land on the Gallipoli Peninsula of the Ottoman Empire

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May 7, 1915 - German Submarine Sinks the Lusitania

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May 7, 1915 - German Submarine Sinks the Lusitania

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The Lusitania was a passenger liner that was crossing from New York to England when it was attacked without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland. It sunk into the Celtic Sea within 20 minutes. Over a thousand people drowned, including 128 Americans. Germany defended its actions, claiming that it had provided warning to all ships in the war zone around Britain. Many Americans were outraged and saddened after the sinking, while President Wilson wanted to remain cautious and neutral. He said that as long as Germany promised never to suddenly attack passenger ships again, then the US would not enter the war. However, 2 years later, Germany resumed its unrestricted attacks on passenger ships, which prompted Congress to declare war on the Central Powers. The sinking of the Lusitania showed just how far Germany was willing to go to win the war.

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May 23, 1915 - Italy Declares War on Austria-Hungary

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May 23, 1915 - Italy Declares War on Austria-Hungary

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western front event

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January 1916 - US President Woodrow Wilson Begins Efforts to Organize a Peace Conference in Europe

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January 1916 - US President Woodrow Wilson Begins Efforts to Organize a Peace Conference in Europe

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February 21, 1916 - Battle of Verdun Begins

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February 21, 1916 - Battle of Verdun Begins

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The Battle of Verdun was the longest battle in modern history. Its purpose was to secure Germany's victory on the Western Front, and weaken Allied forces, specifically France, so that they would be unable to continue fighting in the west. However, Germany had underestimated the depth/extent of the French fortifications and their ability to repair themselves in times of need. This therefore led to Germany's first serious defeat.

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July 1, 1916 - Battle of The Somme Begins

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July 1, 1916 - Battle of The Somme Begins

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The Battle of the Somme began as an Allied offensive against the Central Powers on the Western Front. There were over 57,000 British casualties in one day. British and French forces combined to defeat the German army, and this battle was ultimately one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the war.

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January 19, 1917 - Britain Intercepts a German Plan For an Alliance 

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January 19, 1917 - Britain Intercepts a German Plan For an Alliance 

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Alfred Zimmermann in the German Foreign Office sent a telegram to German embassies. It outlined plans for an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the US. The plans mentioned in its message were that Mexico would gain territory in southwest America, while Germany provided support. The Americans got a hold of this telegram and it was publicized. As a result, there was an outcry from interventionists who favored US military involvement in the war.

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April 2, 1917 - President Wilson Gives Speech to US Congress 

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April 2, 1917 - President Wilson Gives Speech to US Congress 

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Woodrow Wilson gave a speech to Congress, saying "the world must be made safe for democracy." He asked for Congress to declare war on Germany, and four days later, it did.

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April 6, 1917 - US Declares War on Germany

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April 6, 1917 - US Declares War on Germany

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November 20, 1917 - First Ever Mass-Attack by Tanks 

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November 20, 1917 - First Ever Mass-Attack by Tanks 

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The first-ever mass attack by tanks occurred when the British army used 381 tanks in a coordinated tank-infantry-artillery attack against Germany by attacking its trenches near France. The attack was a success, and church bells were rung in England for the first time in years. However, Germany soon launched a counterattack and took back much of the land it lost. This is one of multiple examples of how Germany managed to pick itself back up after the detrimental effects of an attack, and take revenge on its attackers.

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January 1918 - President Wilson Creates the Fourteen Points

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January 1918 - President Wilson Creates the Fourteen Points

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The Fourteen Points were essentially an elaborate peace plan created by US President Woodrow Wilson. The document held principles that were to be used as negotiations in order to end World War 1. The Points discussed various topics such as trade, the creation of independent countries, and decreased/balanced armaments among all nations. The Fourteen Points led to the creation of the League of Nations, whose purpose was to maintain peace worldwide.

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June 28, 1919 - Treaty of Versailles is Signed, Ending the War

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June 28, 1919 - Treaty of Versailles is Signed, Ending the War

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The Treaty is signed at the Palace of Versailles in France, officially ending World War 1. However, it did not resemble the Fourteen Points in a way that the Germans wanted. Instead, the treaty placed harsh restrictions on Germany, including limiting the size of its armed forces, making it pay for war damages, and blaming it for the war. These seemingly unfair conditions eventually led to Hitler's rise to power and the beginning of the second World War.

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January 30, 1933 - Hitler is Appointed Chancellor of Germany

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January 30, 1933 - Hitler is Appointed Chancellor of Germany

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At this conference, the Munich Pact was signed, permitting Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland. Hitler argued that the Treaty of Versailles placed unfair restrictions and conditions on Germany, and the prime ministers of Britain and France agreed to appease him, as long as he only took his respected portion of Czechoslovakia. Hitler agreed, however, a short time after, he invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway. This further troubled the leaders of these countries, and since Britain and France did not want to go to war, Hitler continued to expand Germany. It was decided that France and Britain would only get involved if he invaded Poland.

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March 1939 - Hitler Invades Czechoslovakia 

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March 1939 - Hitler Invades Czechoslovakia 

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September 1, 1939 - Germany Invades Poland, Beginning WW2

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September 1, 1939 - Germany Invades Poland, Beginning WW2

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September 17, 1939 - Soviet Union Invades Poland

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September 17, 1939 - Soviet Union Invades Poland

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140,000 Polish troops were taken prisoner by German invaders as Warsaw was forced to surrender to Hitler's army. As Germany was just about to win, it began systematically terrorizing and murdering Polish people and executing the upper and middle classes. The Nazis named this operation the Extraordinary Pacification Action. The Roman Catholic church was also targeted for being a possible source of dissent. Hundreds of thousands of Poles were also driven from their homes and relocated east as Germans took over the vacated areas. All of this was part of Hitler's plan to prepare Poland for that "which would not be to the taste of German generals," which meant rounding up and killing Polish Jews. This idea led to what is now known as the Holocaust.

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May 10, 1940 - Winston Churchill Becomes British Prime Minister

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May 10, 1940 - Winston Churchill Becomes British Prime Minister

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Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Britain's prime minister. Chamberlain was ill-equipped for the role of saving Europe from Nazi takeover, and after some time, he lost the support of many members of the Conservative Party. He eventually also lost the support of the House of Commons, and Churchill was appointed to take his place, since he was known for his military leadership ability. Churchill formed an all-party alliance and won the support of Britons. Even as Britain stood alone against Germany, he was confident that Britain would never surrender. Churchill was an extremely important figure in helping the Allied powers win. He shaped Allied strategy and led the country from near-defeat to victory.

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June 14, 1940 - Paris Falls to the Nazis

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June 14, 1940 - Paris Falls to the Nazis

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The Battle of Britain was the first battle in history fought solely in the air, and it was between Britain's Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany's Air Force. The Luftwaffe expected to conquer Britain easily, given their power and experience in combat, but Britain proved to be a difficult enemy. In the end, Britain defeated Germany, and this proved the courage and resilience of the British army and of the people. After the battle, the Americans were able to create a base of operations in England to invade Normandy on D-Day in 1944.

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June 1941 - Germany Invades Soviet Russia

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June 1941 - Germany Invades Soviet Russia

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December 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor is Bombed

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December 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor is Bombed

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September 2, 1945 - Japan Surrenders, Ending WW2

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September 2, 1945 - Japan Surrenders, Ending WW2

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The US had dropped bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which destroyed Japan's economy, as well as its air force and navy. The invasion of Japan proved to be extremely bloody and difficult. It took multiple bombings and threats in order for Japan to finally surrender. A ceremony was held on September 2nd for representatives from all the Allied powers to officially sign the surrender that formally ended WW2. The most devastating war in human history was finally over.