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https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/can-shoes-really-improve-a-runners-performance.html

"Increase a runner’s speed by about 1%."

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While there has long been a debate about the true benefit of high-level running shoes, particularly in comparison to running barefoot, some of the newest shoes on the market do show a measurable ability to increase a runner's speed.

Every professional (and amateur) athlete looks for ways to improve their performance. In the world of competitive sports, getting an edge can come in many different forms, such as pushing your endurance limits, embracing a holistic approach to health and wellness, and dedicating yourself to a singular goal. This is in addition to dietary supplements, performance-enhancing substances and equipment, which ranges from swimsuits and baseball bats to golf balls and running shoes.

Running shoes, in particular, are often a hot topic of discussion because so many people take up running as a primary or secondary form of exercise. The global running shoe industry stands at a whopping $13.1 billion, so there is clearly a strong and long-lasting belief in the ability of specialized shoes to improve or enhance a runner's performance. We're here to determine if the higher price tag is really worth it, and what measurable enhancements running shoes can actually provide.

The History of Running Shoes

While basic shoes have been around in some form for thousands of years, likely originating as shoes woven from reeds or plant materials, running shoes are a relatively new phenomenon, only dating back to the 19th century. Back then, running shoes were essentially normal shoes with either a rubber sole (to improve cushion and bounce) or metal spikes (to improve grip and speed) attached to the normal form. These rudimentary models were made by men who went on to found companies you may still recognize today, such as Reebok and Dunlop.

However, it wasn't until the 1890s when rubber became a more widely used and flexible material, and shoes could be made with a smaller rubber sole attached directly to a canvas top. This allowed for lightweight shoes that could be shaped in a wider variety of ways, and also could be walked in quite delicately, which earned them the name "sneakers" (as people could sneak around in them). In the 1920s, the modern running shoe was born by Adolf Dassler, who would go on to found Adidas with his brother Adi. Combining a thinner, more shape-hugging body with cushion, patented spikes and a durable rubber sole, these shoes went on to win a gold medal in the 800-meter race in the 1928 Olympics.

The rest of the 20th century saw an increase in competition and a larger demand than ever for comfortable and functional running shoes. Nike appeared on the scene in the 1970s and promptly became a major player with its unique sole design for greater traction, while the 1980s resulted in a wide variety of different cushion technologies and materials, such as silicone and even air pockets, which were believed to better absorb the shock of running, resulting in less muscle fatigue and strain in runners.

The pace of running shoe development has always been quick, but things have sped up even further in the 21st century, with customized 3D-printed shoes designed for every nuance of your foot, super-lightweight shoes weighing in at less than 3 ounces, and even minimalist varieties that are essentially a second skin for the foot and little else. Each of these advancements and varieties promises some sort of improvement, advantage or greater level of protection, but the debate over their true effect has yet to stop.

What Do Running Shoes Accomplish?

In theory, running shoes do what normal shoes do (protecting the soles of our feet and giving support to our joints), while also enhancing our ability to move quickly and flexibly, to minimize energy loss, and provide added protection where injury is most likely. We like to believe that there is a perfect running shoe out there that will be able to boost our speed and take our abilities to the next level, but that simply isn't true.

These shoes can provide a huge variety of cushion levels, as well as variations in the height of the arch of the shoe, which will support your foot's natural arch. Running shoes can also have different heel heights, which can extend your stride, as well as well-placed padding to reduce pronation (the tendency of a footfall to start on the outside of the foot and roll inward). All of these factors, and their desirability, are dependent on your personal preferences and your individual body's form when running. If you are serious about running and want to get the very best option for your exercise, it will take a great deal of trial and error, as well as experience wearing different shoes (both good and bad) for you to find one that works.

There are those who claim that running shoes will not reduce injury or reduce the intensity of impact, but the science behind these claims (on both sides) can often be murky. Running shoes and the culture that surrounds it can also be somewhat unusual. Such shoes are not only functional tools, but also fashionable status items; their initial purpose is often conflated with their second.

However, given that this is an industry worth more than $13 billion, people must surely be seeing some improvement in their performance and comfort. The greatest benefit of running shoes today is their endless customizability. With thousands of different options on the market, you can find a shoe that is truly perfect for your needs and budget.

Barefoot Running

In the past decade or so, there has been a popular shift back to a more natural style of running-barefoot-like our ancestors did for tens of thousands of years. Proponents of barefoot running believe that our feet naturally evolved and adapted over countless generations to be efficient-the perfect tools to walk, run, leap and climb. Barefoot running has skyrocketed in popularity, as have the number of products (barefoot and minimal shoes) mimicking a shoe-less experience. Some people truly love to run with nothing between their skin and the ground, but given our predominantly urban lifestyles, low-cushion, natural form shoes-even with five separate toes-have sprung up from major companies. In fact, the barefoot shoe industry has reached $1.5 billion in global value.

The Latest Development

Now, while the measurable and valid science on running shoes has been somewhat shaky in the past, a recent development by Nike has shaken the running shoe world. The company's new Vaporfly shoes, which utilize carbon nanofiber technology, have been quantitatively shown to improve a runner's performance. This new material is demonstrably better at absorbing and repurposing energy, meaning that following every footfall, the shoe itself is helping to push the runner into their next stride. Studies on these shoes have found that they increase a runner's speed by about 1%. Mirroring the work already being done by the muscle fibers in your legs, these Vaporfly shoes are one of the most exciting new developments in running shoes in years. And while 1% doesn't sound like much, over the course of a 26-mile marathon, that speed differential can make a huge difference!

A Final Word

Throughout the history of shoes and running shoes, small improvements in comfort, form and function have allowed athletes to perform more effectively and more safely, but in terms of boosting actual speed, the vast majority of shoes have simply been a tool to better manifest an athlete's potential. Only recently have the running shoes themselves provided a measurable improvement to someone's performance. What happens in the future is anyone's guess, but until then, the most effective way to boost your speed is to keep training and pushing yourself to beat your best!

Suggested Reading

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Can Wearing Shoes Boost The Running Performance?

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While there has long been a debate about the true benefit of high-level running shoes, particularly in comparison to running barefoot, some of the newest shoes on the market do show a measurable ability to increase a runner's speed. Every professional (and amateur) athlete looks for ways to improve their performance.

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Shoes can help your energy and it means that it would help use less energy so you wouldn't be as tired.

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Photo by Nate Edwards / BYU Photo

Photo by Nate Edwards / BYU Photo

In 2017, Nike released a running shoe with the intent to make marathon runners markedly faster. Led by Professor Iain Hunter, researchers at BYU decided to test if those claims were true.

After conducting tests, the team did find that the benefit offered by the Nike Vaporfly 4% shoes was enough to reduce the energy cost of running by 2.8 percent on average compared to other popular running shoes which could ultimately improve a race time by several minutes.

"The Vaporfly 4% shoe has the ability to allow runners to use less energy when they run," Hunter said. "It especially seems to help those who spend less time on the ground than those who spend greater time on the ground when running."

The study, which was published online in the Journal of Sport Sciences, compared the Nike Vaporfly 4% with the Adidas Adios Boost and the Nike Zoom Streak, two of the most popular shoes for elite marathon runners.

To measure the effectiveness of the shoes, nineteen men participated in two days of testing. To qualify, each of the men had to have completed a 10km run in less than 32 minutes within the past year. Subjects completed five-minute runs at 6:00 minutes per mile pace on an instrumented treadmill followed by five minute-breaks to change shoes until they had worn all three shoe models twice.

"We added in a few measurements from a force-sensing treadmill so we could begin to understand what is making the shoe effective and how people move differently when they wear the Vaporfly 4%," Hunter said.

The treadmill measures three-dimensional force as someone is running on it. It captures information such as how long the runner is on the ground, how much he or she is pushing backwards and forwards on each step, where the foot hits the ground, how much force the foot is applying and the length of the runner's stride.

"Muscles contract to aide tendons in absorbing and returning energy," Hunter said. "If the sole of an energy efficient shoe can contribute to this instead, less muscle work is required, which improves running economy."

The data showed significant differences in the oxygen uptake (a way to measure the energy cost of running) in the Vaporfly shoe resulting in a 2.8 percent improved running economy, or the amount of energy it takes a runner to go a certain distance, over the Adidas shoe on average. Many physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, and external factors affect running economy. Since it is such a large component of endurance performance, even a small change in oxygen uptake is likely meaningful to a runner and can add up over the course of 26 miles.

Additionally, the Nike Vaporfly 4% shoe led to an average of increased stride length of two centimeters, partially due to its higher heel height. Even small changes such as a two-centimeter change in stride length means putting someone more than 200 meters further ahead through the distance of a marathon.

BYU professors Ron Hager and Jared Ward as well as Aubree McLeod, a graduate student, and undergraduate students Dru Valentine and Tyler Low, all contributed to the study.

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Can your shoes really make you run faster?

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In 2017, Nike released a running shoe with the intent to make marathon runners markedly faster. Led by Professor Iain Hunter, researchers at BYU decided to test if those claims were true.

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Running shoes are designed in a way that improves running efficiency. Science suggests that if you can reduce the energy it takes to run, then in theory, you should be able to run faster and for a longer period.

https://theconversation.com/running-shoes-how-science-can-help-you-to-run-faster-and-more-efficiently-127634

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Long-distance running times are dropping - and the first sub-two hour marathon was completed recently by Kenyan athlete, Eliud Kipchoge. Some are arguing that innovations in trainer design are playing a pivotal role in these improvements. But what is the science behind these elite running shoes? Can they really make such a big difference? And can they get even better?

Over the last two decades, there has been growing focus on the engineering of sports equipment, including running shoes. But while we are seeing rapid development in this area, these steps are often incremental improvements rather than massive strides of change.

The first ever running shoe appeared about 200 years ago and both materials and design have improved enormously since then. But if you consider the changes on a year-to-year basis, the variances are fractional. They do, however, add up.

Preventing injury

A running shoe should protect the foot and the runner from injury. It provides stabilisation of the foot and protects skin from damage. It should also limit potentially harmful impact forces as the foot strikes the ground, while returning energy to the runner.

Running shoes are designed in a way that improves running efficiency. Science suggests that if you can reduce the energy it takes to run, then in theory, you should be able to run faster and for a longer period.

To do this, a number of techniques can be adopted. First, we can reduce the mass of a shoe to make it lighter. This will allow a runner to swing their legs more efficiently. Another claim is that if there is more cushioning in the midsole, then an athlete can run with straighter legs, again making them more efficient.

Adding stiff plates within the [midsole], may also help an athlete to run better by redistributing positive lower limb joint work from the knee to the joint of your toes above the ball of your foot. These stiff plates may also store and return energy to the runner.

In general, when we compress this midsole, and then release it, we want as much energy as possible to be returned. The more energy that is returned, the more efficiently an athlete should be able to run.

It can, of course, be difficult to design tests that systematically explore all these factors, but they are being explored by science.

Every runner is different

Major sporting brands spend a lot of time and resources designing and tuning running shoes, but the biggest challenge they face is the fact that everyone is different.

The design and engineering that goes into a running shoe is quite heavily dependent on the runner, and their requirements. Each person will have his or her own running style and, of course, every foot is unique. There is never going to be a one-size-fits-all in shoe design.

A sprinting shoe would also be entirely different to a marathon shoe, for example. Marathon footwear needs cushioning to reduce injury risk from many impacts over a long distance; while a sprinting shoe could benefit from being stiffer without necessarily requiring as much cushioning.

Similarly, some runners strike the ground right on their heel. These "rear-foot strikers" likely need more cushioning. Others will strike more on their forefoot. They are probably less concerned with cushioning, and could benefit from a more minimalist running shoe, or even running barefoot.

Testing for excellence

Testing falls into two main areas. The first is engineering testing: testing of the design and materials. This involves testing the shoe in isolation.

For example, you might want to look at the ageing of a shoe. This might involve putting an artificial foot in the shoe and compressing it thousands and thousands of times to mimic someone running, and then seeing how the properties change over time.

But you should also explore the interaction of the shoe with the athlete, investigating the effect the footwear has on the runner, their performance and the general physiological state of the individual.

Shutterstock

To test this, athletes might be asked to run over force plates while being filmed with a motion capture system, to see how the footwear influences their movement and ground reaction forces. We could also look at the injury risks at this time.

You might also have participants running on treadmills and then monitor their oxygen levels. In these types of experiments you can see how efficient they are at running with different kinds of footwear.

Material gains

Materials are probably the most crucial thing in footwear science. Many of the latest innovations in running shoes are based around the materials being used.

The shape of a shoe is more or less fixed to the shape of the foot. But you might make the midsole thicker and from a softer, more resilient material, providing a bigger distance for it to compress over, so it can absorb and return more energy.

You can consider a range of things when looking at different materials. You might want to consider using lighter materials, materials that return more energy or materials, which allow the shoe to be more fitted to the foot.

Running shoe midsoles are typically made from moulded materials like EVA foam. The bottom of a shoe needs to be rubbery and provide grip, and often textiles go on top to form the upper.

The future of footwear

I believe the future of running footwear is in sustainability and customisation. In future, people could be able to design their own shoes to their preference. I also believe shoes will be designed to better suit the needs of the runner. For example, we might monitor how someone runs in the lab and then design a pair of shoes specifically for them.

One thing is certain, though. We still do not fully understand what makes the best running shoe and science is key. We still have a long race ahead of us.

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Running shoes: how science can help you to run faster and more efficiently

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Long-distance running times are dropping - and the first sub-two hour marathon was completed recently by Kenyan athlete, Eliud Kipchoge. Some are arguing that innovations in trainer design are playing a pivotal role in these improvements. But what is the science behind these elite running shoes? Can they really make such a big difference?

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https://www.healthline.com/health/how-fast-can-a-human-run#speed-comparison

an average women can run up to 5.0 mph
and a average man can run up to 5.9

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The running speed of humans and animals has long been a subject of fascination. Certain humans can achieve remarkable speeds and have been improving upon these performances through various training techniques.

Read on to learn more about the top speed of humans and how that compares to the average person, as well as different animals. You'll also learn about the factors that impact running speed along with things you can do to run faster.

The top speed for men was set by Usain Bolt during the 100-meter sprint during the World Championships in Berlin on August 16, 2009. He finished with a record time of 9.58 seconds, and has been referred to as the best human sprinter of all time.

Florence Griffith-Joyner has held the record for the fastest woman for more than 30 years. On July 16, 1988, she ran the 100-meter dash in 10.49 seconds at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Several factors can influence running speed. Take these into consideration as you take steps to run faster.

Your clothing

The clothes you wear can affect your speed. For optimum running performance, consider investing in lightweight clothing that fits well and is weather-resistant.

Look for high-quality sweat-wicking fabrics that will keep your body cool and dry. These include nylon, polyester, and bamboo. Other options include polypropylene, spandex, and wool.

It's also wise to invest in cushioned running socks.

Your shoes

Lightweight shoes that provide support and comfort can help prevent injury.

As shown by this 2019 study, certain types of running shoes may also help you achieve greater speed by improving your running economy, form, and technique.

To get started in your search, check out some of the best running shoes for women and men.

Your weight

Body weight is another factor that can influence your running speed. The more you weigh, the more energy it takes to propel you forward.

This has a lot to do with gravity. Every time you raise a leg off the ground, you're pulling against gravity. The difficulty increases with the amount of weight your legs are carrying.

If you're carrying extra weight, it may also affect your , which can affect your running performance. VO₂max is the maximum (max) rate (V) of oxygen (O₂) your body is able to use during exercise.

Strength and endurance

Strength and speed-endurance training is a key component of a running program. A strong body makes it easier to use correct body mechanics and improve endurance, both of which help to build speed.

Strong legs create more power while a strong upper body and core help you to maintain energy while using correct form.

Do sports to stay active along with bodyweight exercises, weight training, and HIIT workouts. Include tempo runs, hill training, and sprints.

To increase endurance, do at least one long run per week.

The sky's the limit when it comes to ways you can run faster. While implementing all of these techniques at once may be extreme, you can certainly add a few to your routine every so often.

Ways to boost your running speed:

Follow a healthy diet that helps you to maintain and improve your fitness level.

Stay hydrated with water and healthy drinks such as coconut water, herbal teas, and electrolyte drinks.

Maintain a healthy weight and track performance measurements including body composition.

Consider working with a personal trainer to improve your form.

Set goals around which you can create your training program. Keep track of your progress, mileage, and personal bests.

Do self-massage using your hands or a foam roller. This can help to correct muscular imbalances and release muscle knots.

Improve your mobility and range of motion to develop optimum movement patterns, lengthen muscles, and improve flexibility. This also helps to prevent muscles from shortening and tightening.

Learn breathing techniques such as diaphragmatic or rhythmic breathing.

Stay mentally strong and resilient.

Slowly build up your workouts to prevent injury, fatigue, and burnout.

Allow for rest days, relaxation, and plenty of sleep.

With the right approach, human beings have an amazing capacity to run quickly. Consider factors that will affect your running speed and make appropriate changes as you see necessary.

Along with strength training, do high-intensity interval, hill, and tempo training. Always work within your limits and slowly build up the intensity of your workouts. Stop your running routine if you develop any pain or injuries.

Keep track of your growth and consider reaching out to a fitness professional if you'd like additional support.

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How Fast Can a Human Run? Plus, How to Run Faster

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The running speed of humans and animals has long been a subject of fascination. Certain humans can achieve remarkable speeds and have been improving upon these performances through various training techniques. Read on to learn more about the top speed of humans and how that compares to the average person, as well as different animals.

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'While the types of equipment needed by runners is relatively limited, a good pair of running shoes is a must. Running shoes not only provide substantial midsole foot cushioning, they also offer arch support, aid in the prevention of injuries and can promote improved athletic performance"
https://www.livestrong.com/article/350355-what-are-the-benefits-of-running-shoes/

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According to "The Benefits of Running," which is a paper written by Elizabeth McLeod Sadler of Vanderbilt University, there are a number of benefits associated with running, including drops in blood pressure and body weight, and increases in lung capacity. While the types of equipment needed by runners is relatively limited, a good pair of running shoes is a must. Running shoes not only provide substantial midsole foot cushioning, they also offer arch support, aid in the prevention of injuries and can promote improved athletic performance.

The American Council on Exercise reports that midsole cushioning is one of the most important benefits associated with the use of running shoes. As suggested by the name, the midsole is the area between the ball and heel of the foot. The American College of Sports Medicine says that the foot cushioning provided by running shoes can reduce some of the stress placed on the heel, ankles and toes during a run. This makes the activity more comfortable and safer. Appropriate cushioning can also help alleviate or prevent knee, hip and back pain, as it improves body mechanics.

Arch Support

Arch support is a must for individuals with flat feet -- especially if they participate in a regular exercise routine. It is no surprise, then, that the arch support provided by most running shoes is a major benefit for most avid exercisers. The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that runners with flat feet consult a physical therapist or exercise physiologist for recommendations on the best running shoes. While flat-footed runners may experience the greatest benefit from the arch stability found in most running shoes, even those with high arches can benefit from the right kind of support.

Injury Prevention

In many cases, running shoes can help prevent certain types of injury. In fact, the American College of Sports Medicine suggests that the midsole cushioning and arch support described above can prevent overuse injuries, such as tendonitis, stress fractures and joint pain. Though barefoot running -- in which exercisers run without the protection of any foot covering -- has increased in popularity over the past few years, the risk for cuts and scrapes is high. The American Council on Exercise reports that the outsole protection offered by the shoes reduces injury to the feet.

Improved Athletic Performance

Those who use the right type of running shoe may experience greater athletic improvement than those who do not. The experts at the American Council on Exercise believe that this is likely due to several factors, including greater comfort and improved running capacity. Competitive runners, therefore, should greatly benefit from wearing them. Even those who are not competing can still achieve improvements in athletic performance by wearing running shoes.

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What Are the Benefits of Running Shoes? | Livestrong.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
According to "The Benefits of Running," which is a paper written by Elizabeth McLeod Sadler of Vanderbilt University, there are a number of benefits associated with running, including drops in blood pressure and body weight, and increases in lung capacity.

# data[].attributes.body
the average man runs 5.9 mph

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The running speed of humans and animals has long been a subject of fascination. Certain humans can achieve remarkable speeds and have been improving upon these performances through various training techniques.

Read on to learn more about the top speed of humans and how that compares to the average person, as well as different animals. You'll also learn about the factors that impact running speed along with things you can do to run faster.

The top speed for men was set by Usain Bolt during the 100-meter sprint during the World Championships in Berlin on August 16, 2009. He finished with a record time of 9.58 seconds, and has been referred to as the best human sprinter of all time.

Florence Griffith-Joyner has held the record for the fastest woman for more than 30 years. On July 16, 1988, she ran the 100-meter dash in 10.49 seconds at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Several factors can influence running speed. Take these into consideration as you take steps to run faster.

Your clothing

The clothes you wear can affect your speed. For optimum running performance, consider investing in lightweight clothing that fits well and is weather-resistant.

Look for high-quality sweat-wicking fabrics that will keep your body cool and dry. These include nylon, polyester, and bamboo. Other options include polypropylene, spandex, and wool.

It's also wise to invest in cushioned running socks.

Your shoes

Lightweight shoes that provide support and comfort can help prevent injury.

As shown by this 2019 study, certain types of running shoes may also help you achieve greater speed by improving your running economy, form, and technique.

To get started in your search, check out some of the best running shoes for women and men.

Your weight

Body weight is another factor that can influence your running speed. The more you weigh, the more energy it takes to propel you forward.

This has a lot to do with gravity. Every time you raise a leg off the ground, you're pulling against gravity. The difficulty increases with the amount of weight your legs are carrying.

If you're carrying extra weight, it may also affect your , which can affect your running performance. VO₂max is the maximum (max) rate (V) of oxygen (O₂) your body is able to use during exercise.

Strength and endurance

Strength and speed-endurance training is a key component of a running program. A strong body makes it easier to use correct body mechanics and improve endurance, both of which help to build speed.

Strong legs create more power while a strong upper body and core help you to maintain energy while using correct form.

Do sports to stay active along with bodyweight exercises, weight training, and HIIT workouts. Include tempo runs, hill training, and sprints.

To increase endurance, do at least one long run per week.

The sky's the limit when it comes to ways you can run faster. While implementing all of these techniques at once may be extreme, you can certainly add a few to your routine every so often.

Ways to boost your running speed:

Follow a healthy diet that helps you to maintain and improve your fitness level.

Stay hydrated with water and healthy drinks such as coconut water, herbal teas, and electrolyte drinks.

Maintain a healthy weight and track performance measurements including body composition.

Consider working with a personal trainer to improve your form.

Set goals around which you can create your training program. Keep track of your progress, mileage, and personal bests.

Do self-massage using your hands or a foam roller. This can help to correct muscular imbalances and release muscle knots.

Improve your mobility and range of motion to develop optimum movement patterns, lengthen muscles, and improve flexibility. This also helps to prevent muscles from shortening and tightening.

Learn breathing techniques such as diaphragmatic or rhythmic breathing.

Stay mentally strong and resilient.

Slowly build up your workouts to prevent injury, fatigue, and burnout.

Allow for rest days, relaxation, and plenty of sleep.

With the right approach, human beings have an amazing capacity to run quickly. Consider factors that will affect your running speed and make appropriate changes as you see necessary.

Along with strength training, do high-intensity interval, hill, and tempo training. Always work within your limits and slowly build up the intensity of your workouts. Stop your running routine if you develop any pain or injuries.

Keep track of your growth and consider reaching out to a fitness professional if you'd like additional support.

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How Fast Can a Human Run? Plus, How to Run Faster

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The running speed of humans and animals has long been a subject of fascination. Certain humans can achieve remarkable speeds and have been improving upon these performances through various training techniques. Read on to learn more about the top speed of humans and how that compares to the average person, as well as different animals.

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"Cheetahs hold the title of the world’s fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. but usually only chase their prey at about half that speed."

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Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

Though it seems intuitive that bigger animals should move faster-a longer stride covers more ground-that rule of thumb doesn't always hold up.

Instead, previous research has shown that the fastest animals are not the largest or the smallest, but somewhere in the middle, like the cheetah. Yet even knowing that, scientists have had a hard time predicting how fast an animal would be without watching it run, fly, or swim. This is particularly an issue for researchers studying extinct species such as dinosaurs, and for comparing the speed of a flying or running animal to that of a swimming animal. ( Read more about why some animals are so slow.)

Myriam Hirt, an ecologist at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, came across this problem when she tried to come up with a formula to predict animals' speed.

"It gave me elephants that had a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour [or 373 miles per hour], which of course is not true," she said. The African bush elephant's actual top speed is 24.9 miles per hour.

After examining data on animal movement, Hirt and colleagues including Ulrich Brose, an ecologist at the University of Göttingen, decided to create a new way to predict the speeds of all kinds of animals. ( Read how one of the fastest fish lubricates itself.)

"I saw the same patterns, so I knew then that there had to be some kind of very basic thing that underlies the pattern," said Hirt. That basic thing turned out to how long it takes the animal to accelerate, the researchers report Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

That acceleration time depends on an animal's body mass and locomotion mode, the method it uses to move, such as running or swimming. Larger animals, for example, exhaust their muscles more quickly while accelerating, and thus top out more quickly than lighter mid-sized animals such cheetahs. These two factors explain almost 90 percent of the variation in animal speeds, the scientists found.

This research could be helpful not only for wildlife biologists, but also for paleontologists, who in the past have had to guess dinosaur speeds based on their tracks and skeletons.

For instance, Hirt and Brose's model predicts that the Tyrannosaurus rex-one of the largest dinosaurs-was much slower than the Velociraptor.

The research team plans to continue looking at ways to improve their predictions, including adding factors such as temperature. They also want to examine if the model could predict which fast animals hunt slower ones.

"We think that predator-prey interactions can be one of the cases where we can make this very predictor useful," said Brose. "There's at least 40 million species on this planet, and there's many more interactions."
Follow Hannah Lang on Twitter.

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Now Scientists Can Accurately Guess The Speed Of Any Animal

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Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

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"Fastest mammal on land, the cheetah can reach speeds of 60 or perhaps even 70 miles (97 or 113 kilometers) an hour over short distances. It usually chases its prey at only about half that speed"

https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/cheetah

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These cats are nimble at high speeds, able to make quick and sudden turns in pursuit of prey. Cheetahs' bodies are uniquely adapted to help them reach top speeds, from their long, slender limbs and hard foot pads to the flexible spine that gives them their long stride.

Cheetahs are famous for their tawny coats covered in black spots, each arranged in a unique pattern to help the animals identify one another. Bold black stripes streak like tears from the inner corners of their eyes down to both sides of their mouths, and the ends of their bushy tails have black rings.

The cheetah's excellent eyesight helps it find prey during the day. The cheetah is hard to see because its spotted coat blends with the tall, dry grass of the plains.

Cheetahs eat small- to medium-size animals, such as hares, impalas, wildebeest calves, and gazelles.

Because of their size, strength, and predatory skills, some scientists consider cheetahs to be one of the "big cats." Tigers, lions, leopards, and jaguars are also part of this grouping. Unlike the rest of the group, cheetahs can't roar, though they can they purr.

Although they typically prefer open grasslands, cheetahs live in a range of habitats across eastern and southern Africa.

Once found throughout Asia and Africa, cheetahs today are racing toward extinction. Loss of habitat and declining numbers of their prey combine to threaten the future of these cats.

Take the big cat quiz to see how much you know about these fierce felines. Then, just for fun, see which wild cat you're most like with our personality quiz.

(AD) Check out Hoops to Hippos!: True Stories of a Basketball Star on Safari by Boris Diaw for more animals.

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Fastest mammal on land, the cheetah can reach speeds of 60 or perhaps even 70 miles (97 or 113 kilometers) an hour over short distances. It usually chases its prey at only about half that speed, however. After a chase, a cheetah needs half an hour to catch its breath before it can eat.

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The cheetahs can run up to 70 mph per hour and they are the fast animal alive

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Cheetahs can run 50-80 mph and humans the fastest human can run 27 mph.
Cheetahs are also the fastest land animal so it is imposible for a human to even be able to go half the speed.

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Significantly slower than a speeding bullet, it turns out.

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At the section 'How fast does a cheetah run - comparatively.' It shows that it's hard to catch up with a cheetah.

It also says that they can run 112 to 122 km/h, but they can only contain it for about 450 meters. But the thing is, the world record for humans was in a 100 meter race, and they ran 10.44 meters per second. Bolt reached 43.99 kilometers per hour.
https://www.britannica.com/story/how-fast-is-the-worlds-fastest-human

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Speed and cheetah are synonymous, it can get from 0 to 80 km/h in just three seconds. When compared to a car, it as almost as fast as a ferrari.

The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world. It runs much faster than every other land animal alive today. We have gathered complete information about the "Cheetah Speed" that will help you in understanding not only " How Fast Can A Cheetah Run" but also how do cheetahs run so fast. We have also compared its speed with other animals so that you can have an idea of how much faster it is than other animals along with informative videos.

How Fast Can A Cheetah Run

The simple answer to this question is that a cheetah can run at a speed of 112 to 122 km/h.

They can maintain this speed only for about 450 meters (i.e. about 1500 feet).

They can accelerate from zero to 100 in just three seconds.

This indeed is very high speed but they can maintain it only for a short burst.

How Fast Can a Cheetah Run MPH - Cheetah Speed MPH

In MPH (miles per hour) a cheetah can run at a top speed of 69 to 75 mph.

They can maintain this speed for about 0.28 miles.

They can hit 60 mph in just three seconds.

How Fast Does a Cheetah Run - Comparatively

When compared to the fastest cars such as Ferrari, Cheetah is as fast as the Ferrari when their acceleration is compared from zero to hundred.

Both the Ferrari and the Cheetah can accelerate from zero to 100 in less than three seconds.

The maximum speed of a human being is about 45 km/h i.e. 28 miles per hour. So Cheetah when compared to us is 2.7 times faster than us. So there is not even a little chance for us to overrun them.

Cheetah Top Speed - Maximum Speed of Cheetah

Though there is not an exact figure for the Cheetah top speed yet according to various studies where the speed was calculated, the maximum speed of a cheetah is 76 mph i.e. 122 km/h.

Fastest Animal in the World

Due to this high speed, Cheetah holds the record of the fastest running land animal in the world.

How Do Cheetahs Run So Fast

Cheetah is capable to run from zero to 40 mph in just three strides and this is only possible due to its specialized body.

Cheetah has a small head, slender body, and rib cage that is flatter than other animals. This helps it in attaining an aerodynamic shape.

It has comparatively long legs with special muscles and an exceptionally flexible spine that enables it to take large strides of about 8 meters i.e. 25 feet.

Compared to its size, it weighs less i.e. about 55 kg, making it ideal for high speed.

Cheetah has an efficient breathing system to keep it oxygenated at high speeds. Deep airflow and good oxygen levels are maintained during high speeds due to its wide nostrils, large heart, and large lungs.

It has a long tail which helps in making sharp turns during high speeds.

Its feet are hard and ridged with nonretractable claws providing it extra grip over the ground.

When chasing its prey, the heart beats at an incredibly high rate allowing it to attain such high speed. The heart can maintain this high beat rate only for 10 seconds and after this, the cheetah is too hot or too tired to move. Cheetahs always need to rest after chasing their prey.

Fastest Cheetah on Earth

The fastest Cheetah on Earth is a female Cheetah named Sarah. It lives in Cincinnati Zoo, Ohio, USA.

It ran 100 meters dash in 5.95 seconds and reached a top speed of 61 mph.

Usain Bolt, the fastest human runner from Jamaica ran 100 meters dash in 9.58 seconds in the 2012 Olympics.

Top 10 Fastest Creatures on Earth

Do want to learn more interesting facts about Cheetah: Cheetah Facts for Kids

How Fast Can A Cheetah Run - Cheetah Speed Video

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How Fast Can A Cheetah Run - Cheetah Speed

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Speed and cheetah are synonymous, it can get from 0 to 80 km/h in just three seconds. When compared to a car, it as almost as fast as a ferrari. The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world. It runs much faster than every other land animal alive today.

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the fastest man in the world can run 27 mph.
a cheetah can run 50-80 mph.
the fastest man cant even run half of that

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The cheetah is a member of the cat family and by far the fastest land animal. One of the reasons that it needs to be so quick is that its favorite food, the gazelle, is also one of the speediest land animals on the planet.

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Cheetahs can run up to 80 miles put usually chase their prey only up to 40 miles. not only that but cheetahs tend to get tired very easily and can only run consistently at that speed for 20 to 30 seconds.

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Learn how fast can a cheetah run. Understand why the cat can run so fast and how this affects its biology.

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"Cheetahs hold the title of the world’s fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. "

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/Animal-speed-size-cheetahs

"That means that Bolt’s speed during his world-record run was 10.44 meters per second. "
or 23.35 miles per hour

https://www.britannica.com/story/how-fast-is-the-worlds-fastest-human#:~:text=In%202011%20Belgian%20scientists%20used,(27.33%20miles%20per%20hour).

Although the running shoes may add a difference, I highly doubt a person can run 46.56 miles more from the effect of sketchers.

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Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

Though it seems intuitive that bigger animals should move faster-a longer stride covers more ground-that rule of thumb doesn't always hold up.

Instead, previous research has shown that the fastest animals are not the largest or the smallest, but somewhere in the middle, like the cheetah. Yet even knowing that, scientists have had a hard time predicting how fast an animal would be without watching it run, fly, or swim. This is particularly an issue for researchers studying extinct species such as dinosaurs, and for comparing the speed of a flying or running animal to that of a swimming animal. ( Read more about why some animals are so slow.)

Myriam Hirt, an ecologist at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, came across this problem when she tried to come up with a formula to predict animals' speed.

"It gave me elephants that had a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour [or 373 miles per hour], which of course is not true," she said. The African bush elephant's actual top speed is 24.9 miles per hour.

After examining data on animal movement, Hirt and colleagues including Ulrich Brose, an ecologist at the University of Göttingen, decided to create a new way to predict the speeds of all kinds of animals. ( Read how one of the fastest fish lubricates itself.)

"I saw the same patterns, so I knew then that there had to be some kind of very basic thing that underlies the pattern," said Hirt. That basic thing turned out to how long it takes the animal to accelerate, the researchers report Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

That acceleration time depends on an animal's body mass and locomotion mode, the method it uses to move, such as running or swimming. Larger animals, for example, exhaust their muscles more quickly while accelerating, and thus top out more quickly than lighter mid-sized animals such cheetahs. These two factors explain almost 90 percent of the variation in animal speeds, the scientists found.

This research could be helpful not only for wildlife biologists, but also for paleontologists, who in the past have had to guess dinosaur speeds based on their tracks and skeletons.

For instance, Hirt and Brose's model predicts that the Tyrannosaurus rex-one of the largest dinosaurs-was much slower than the Velociraptor.

The research team plans to continue looking at ways to improve their predictions, including adding factors such as temperature. They also want to examine if the model could predict which fast animals hunt slower ones.

"We think that predator-prey interactions can be one of the cases where we can make this very predictor useful," said Brose. "There's at least 40 million species on this planet, and there's many more interactions."
Follow Hannah Lang on Twitter.

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Now Scientists Can Accurately Guess The Speed Of Any Animal

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Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

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1: Cheetahs can run up to 70 miles per hour, but usually only chase their prey at about half that speed https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/Animal-speed-size-cheetahs
2: The fastest run Usain Bolt set the world record in the 100-meter sprint at 9.58 seconds. https://www.britannica.com/story/how-fast-is-the-worlds-fastest-human

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Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

Though it seems intuitive that bigger animals should move faster-a longer stride covers more ground-that rule of thumb doesn't always hold up.

Instead, previous research has shown that the fastest animals are not the largest or the smallest, but somewhere in the middle, like the cheetah. Yet even knowing that, scientists have had a hard time predicting how fast an animal would be without watching it run, fly, or swim. This is particularly an issue for researchers studying extinct species such as dinosaurs, and for comparing the speed of a flying or running animal to that of a swimming animal. ( Read more about why some animals are so slow.)

Myriam Hirt, an ecologist at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, came across this problem when she tried to come up with a formula to predict animals' speed.

"It gave me elephants that had a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour [or 373 miles per hour], which of course is not true," she said. The African bush elephant's actual top speed is 24.9 miles per hour.

After examining data on animal movement, Hirt and colleagues including Ulrich Brose, an ecologist at the University of Göttingen, decided to create a new way to predict the speeds of all kinds of animals. ( Read how one of the fastest fish lubricates itself.)

"I saw the same patterns, so I knew then that there had to be some kind of very basic thing that underlies the pattern," said Hirt. That basic thing turned out to how long it takes the animal to accelerate, the researchers report Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

That acceleration time depends on an animal's body mass and locomotion mode, the method it uses to move, such as running or swimming. Larger animals, for example, exhaust their muscles more quickly while accelerating, and thus top out more quickly than lighter mid-sized animals such cheetahs. These two factors explain almost 90 percent of the variation in animal speeds, the scientists found.

This research could be helpful not only for wildlife biologists, but also for paleontologists, who in the past have had to guess dinosaur speeds based on their tracks and skeletons.

For instance, Hirt and Brose's model predicts that the Tyrannosaurus rex-one of the largest dinosaurs-was much slower than the Velociraptor.

The research team plans to continue looking at ways to improve their predictions, including adding factors such as temperature. They also want to examine if the model could predict which fast animals hunt slower ones.

"We think that predator-prey interactions can be one of the cases where we can make this very predictor useful," said Brose. "There's at least 40 million species on this planet, and there's many more interactions."
Follow Hannah Lang on Twitter.

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Now Scientists Can Accurately Guess The Speed Of Any Animal

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

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"A cheetah’s body is light and therefore the legs don’t waste much energy on carrying weight This saved energy can be used for acceleration instead. Cheetahs also have a flattened rib cage, and their head is small. This helps to reduce the air resistance."

https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/why-cant-humans-run-as-fast-as-cheetahs.html

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Why Can’t Humans Run As Fast As Cheetahs?

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Cheetahs are the fastest land animals. A cheetahs body is designed for short bursts of high speed, while humans are designed for endurance running

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We know how long it took him to run 100 and 200 meters, so we can work out his speed.

Event | Distance (m) | Time (s) | Average speed (m/s) | Average speed (mph)
100 m sprint | 100 | 9.58 | 10.44 | 23.35
200 m sprint | 200 | 19.19 | 10.42 | 23.31

Those numbers only show Usain Bolt's average speed. They don't show his maximum speed.
http://www.planet-science.com/categories/over-11s/human-body/2012/06/how-fast-is-usain-bolt.aspx

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That's the kind of fact a sports engineer can work out!

The Beautiful Games exhibition at the V&A Museum of Childhood, London, has a box where people can post questions about sports science.

These questions will be answered by sports engineers on the Engineering Sport website. The sports engineers started by answering the question How fast is Usain Bolt?
How fast is Usain Bolt?
Usain Bolt is the fastest man on the planet. He's the world record holder in the 100 and 200 metre sprints.

We can easily calculate Usain Bolt's average speed. Speed is the change in distance over time.

We know how long it took him to run 100 and 200 metres, so we can work out his speed.

Those numbers only show Usain Bolt's average speed. They don't show his maximum speed.

Luckily, when Usain Bolt set his current world record at the 2009 Berlin World Championships, the International Association of Atheletics Federations collected lots of data.

The data on Usain Bolt showed that he reached at top speed of 12.27 metres per second, which is 27.44 miles per hour!
How fast is Usain Bolt compared to other land animals?
Other land animals are much faster than humans. Even a domestic cat beats Usain Bolt!

Cheetahs are the fastest land animals, with a top speed of 72 miles per hour. That's faster than the speed limit on UK motorways!
London 2012 Olympics
Will Usain Bolt beat his own world record again? We'll have to wait until the 100 metre final on August 5 to find out. We've got our fingers crossed.

This article has been adapted, with kind permission, from an article on Engineering Sport. To view the original article, visit How fast is Usain Bolt? Engineering Sport

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That's the kind of fact a sports engineer can work out! The Beautiful Games exhibition at the V&A Museum of Childhood, London, has a box where people can post questions about sports science. These questions will be answered by sports engineers on the Engineering Sport website.

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https://www.britannica.com/story/how-fast-is-the-worlds-fastest-human the fastest human that ever ran was 27.33 mph.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/Animal-speed-size-cheetahs this shows how fast a cheetah can run ( 70 mph)

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Significantly slower than a speeding bullet, it turns out.

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"Cheetahs hold the title of the world’s fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. "

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/Animal-speed-size-cheetahs

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

Though it seems intuitive that bigger animals should move faster-a longer stride covers more ground-that rule of thumb doesn't always hold up.

Instead, previous research has shown that the fastest animals are not the largest or the smallest, but somewhere in the middle, like the cheetah. Yet even knowing that, scientists have had a hard time predicting how fast an animal would be without watching it run, fly, or swim. This is particularly an issue for researchers studying extinct species such as dinosaurs, and for comparing the speed of a flying or running animal to that of a swimming animal. ( Read more about why some animals are so slow.)

Myriam Hirt, an ecologist at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, came across this problem when she tried to come up with a formula to predict animals' speed.

"It gave me elephants that had a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour [or 373 miles per hour], which of course is not true," she said. The African bush elephant's actual top speed is 24.9 miles per hour.

After examining data on animal movement, Hirt and colleagues including Ulrich Brose, an ecologist at the University of Göttingen, decided to create a new way to predict the speeds of all kinds of animals. ( Read how one of the fastest fish lubricates itself.)

"I saw the same patterns, so I knew then that there had to be some kind of very basic thing that underlies the pattern," said Hirt. That basic thing turned out to how long it takes the animal to accelerate, the researchers report Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

That acceleration time depends on an animal's body mass and locomotion mode, the method it uses to move, such as running or swimming. Larger animals, for example, exhaust their muscles more quickly while accelerating, and thus top out more quickly than lighter mid-sized animals such cheetahs. These two factors explain almost 90 percent of the variation in animal speeds, the scientists found.

This research could be helpful not only for wildlife biologists, but also for paleontologists, who in the past have had to guess dinosaur speeds based on their tracks and skeletons.

For instance, Hirt and Brose's model predicts that the Tyrannosaurus rex-one of the largest dinosaurs-was much slower than the Velociraptor.

The research team plans to continue looking at ways to improve their predictions, including adding factors such as temperature. They also want to examine if the model could predict which fast animals hunt slower ones.

"We think that predator-prey interactions can be one of the cases where we can make this very predictor useful," said Brose. "There's at least 40 million species on this planet, and there's many more interactions."
Follow Hannah Lang on Twitter.

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Now Scientists Can Accurately Guess The Speed Of Any Animal

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

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"Humans are slow runners compared to cheetahs. Usain Bolt, who broke the world record to be the fastest human in the world, ran 330 feet (100 meters) in 9.58 seconds in 2012. Usain Bolt’s speed translated to about 28 mph, which is far below the speed of a cheetah. " - WorldAtlas.com

-So no matter the shoe, humans can't beat a cheetah when it comes to running.

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/can-a-human-outrun-a-cheetah.html

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Cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world that belongs to the cat family. But can a human outrun a cheetah if he/she has exceptional abilities?

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"A cheetah can reach a top speed of around 70 miles per hour in about 4 seconds. The ease with which she achieves this speed depends entirely on her health, the terrain on which she's running and her energy levels. If she hasn’t eaten for a while, she simply won’t have the fuel in her body to ignite her turbocharged engine." "Bolt ran the 100 meters in 9.58 seconds. Maxing out at about 27 miles per hour, that's just under the top speed of a house cat."

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i NA/Photos.com/Getty Images

The cheetah's defining trait is her lightning speed. No other land creature can match her for raw pace and explosive power, but she most certainly is a sprinter, not an endurance runner. Her whole hunting technique is built upon short sprints that take her prey by surprise. Her perfectly evolved physiology combined with the challenges of her habitat mean she can't sustain a lung-busting run over long periods.

Test Conditions

San Diego Zoo has a cheetah run that is 330 feet long. The zoo claims this is the perfect distance for the cheetah to hit top speed. Over longer distances, a cheetah will struggle to maintain her top speed without risking total exhaustion. Her large heart and nostrils enable her to accelerate swiftly, but these attributes don't lend themselves to endurance running. If forced to chase prey over greater distances, she'll quickly slow down, although her prey may also become tired at this stage, meaning she can probably still catch them.

Hunting Technique

The cheetah is a solitary hunter so, unlike lions, she has to do all of the chasing and killing herself. This means she needs to conserve as much energy as possible. To do this, she gets as close to her prey as possible before starting to run. Stealth and timing are as crucial as speed for a cheetah. Using the cover of tall grass and positioning herself downwind to avoid detection, she sneaks up on her prey, saving her energy for that final burst of speed required to get her paws on the prize.

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How Far Can a Cheetah Run Before It Has to Rest?

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The cheetah's defining trait is her lightning speed. No other land creature can match her for raw pace and explosive power, but she most certainly is a sprinter, not an endurance runner. Her whole hunting technique is built upon short sprints that take her prey by surprise. Her perfectly evolved ...

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Cheetahs run 70 mph or 112 kmph while the fastest a human ran was 27½ mph.

https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/why-cant-humans-run-as-fast-as-cheetahs.html and https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/science/human-running-speed-quadruped.html

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Why Can’t Humans Run As Fast As Cheetahs?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cheetahs are the fastest land animals. A cheetahs body is designed for short bursts of high speed, while humans are designed for endurance running

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Cheetahs can run up to 70 miles per hour, but usually only chase their prey at about half that speed.  Bolt reached a top speed of 43.99 kilometers per hour (27.33 miles per hour). He finished with a time of 9.76 seconds in that race, but

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

Though it seems intuitive that bigger animals should move faster-a longer stride covers more ground-that rule of thumb doesn't always hold up.

Instead, previous research has shown that the fastest animals are not the largest or the smallest, but somewhere in the middle, like the cheetah. Yet even knowing that, scientists have had a hard time predicting how fast an animal would be without watching it run, fly, or swim. This is particularly an issue for researchers studying extinct species such as dinosaurs, and for comparing the speed of a flying or running animal to that of a swimming animal. ( Read more about why some animals are so slow.)

Myriam Hirt, an ecologist at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, came across this problem when she tried to come up with a formula to predict animals' speed.

"It gave me elephants that had a maximum speed of 600 kilometers per hour [or 373 miles per hour], which of course is not true," she said. The African bush elephant's actual top speed is 24.9 miles per hour.

After examining data on animal movement, Hirt and colleagues including Ulrich Brose, an ecologist at the University of Göttingen, decided to create a new way to predict the speeds of all kinds of animals. ( Read how one of the fastest fish lubricates itself.)

"I saw the same patterns, so I knew then that there had to be some kind of very basic thing that underlies the pattern," said Hirt. That basic thing turned out to how long it takes the animal to accelerate, the researchers report Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.

That acceleration time depends on an animal's body mass and locomotion mode, the method it uses to move, such as running or swimming. Larger animals, for example, exhaust their muscles more quickly while accelerating, and thus top out more quickly than lighter mid-sized animals such cheetahs. These two factors explain almost 90 percent of the variation in animal speeds, the scientists found.

This research could be helpful not only for wildlife biologists, but also for paleontologists, who in the past have had to guess dinosaur speeds based on their tracks and skeletons.

For instance, Hirt and Brose's model predicts that the Tyrannosaurus rex-one of the largest dinosaurs-was much slower than the Velociraptor.

The research team plans to continue looking at ways to improve their predictions, including adding factors such as temperature. They also want to examine if the model could predict which fast animals hunt slower ones.

"We think that predator-prey interactions can be one of the cases where we can make this very predictor useful," said Brose. "There's at least 40 million species on this planet, and there's many more interactions."
Follow Hannah Lang on Twitter.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Now Scientists Can Accurately Guess The Speed Of Any Animal

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cheetahs hold the title of the world's fastest land animal and can reach a top speed of 70 miles per hour. The Galápagos tortoise is roughly the same size as a cheetah, yet the fastest it can "run" is 0.17 miles per hour.

# data[].attributes.body
"A cheetah run speed can get up to 76 miles per hour, but they can only sustain them for over a distance of approximately 1,500 feet. Cheetahs can accelerate at an amazing rate, going from a standstill position to as fast as 68 mph in less than three seconds."

https://sciencing.com/how-fast-does-cheetah-run-4577113.html

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The cheetah is a member of the cat family and by far the fastest land animal. One of the reasons that it needs to be so quick is that its favorite food, the gazelle, is also one of the speediest land animals on the planet.

# data[].attributes.body
type your research/evidence in here

paste in your source here too