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November 5th, 1605
The Gunpowder Plot was a failed attempt to murder King James I of England during the Opening of Parliament in November 1605. The plan was made by Robert Catesby, an English Catholic who wanted to kill the Protestant King James and set up Catholic rule in England. The failed attack had been years in the making.
Catholics were persecuted, they were not allowed to practice their beliefs in public.

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1637
Charles encountered bitterness in Scotland in 1637, when he supported the introduction of a Book of Common Prayer, intending to initiate English-style religious practice there. This was inflammatory in a country that was mainly Presbyterian, practicing plain congregational worship. It inspired political opposition and the creation of the National Covenant, a document that defined the principles of religion in Scotland. All who signed it, called Covenanters, were to be a big influence in the upheaval of the civil wars coming.
Religion continued as a source of disagreement

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The Long Parliament published The Nineteen Propositions

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The Long Parliament published The Nineteen Propositions

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June 1st, 1642
On June 1st, the Long Parliament published the Nineteen Propositions, a document that stated its demands to limit the king’s powers, transferring most into its own hands. It was too much for Charles, who considered it as subjugation: he rejected the document on 21 June. Minor fighting began in midsummer as each side competed in recruitment and started to take towns and cities into their control. A formal declaration of war took place on 22 August when the king raised his standard at Nottingham.

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(1642-1646)
Cavaliers (Royalists) vs Roundheads (Parliamentarians).
The first large battle took place on 23 October. The Parliamentarian army, commanded by the Earl of Essex, met the king’s forces at Edgehill (Warwickshire) with about 13,000–14,000 on each side.

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July 1644
Parliamentarians secure Northern England

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June 1645
Prince Rupert of the Rhine is defeated. Charles flees to Scotland but is extradited to the Parliamentarians.

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Battle of Naseby - The English Civil War, Royalists VS Parliamentarians

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(1648)
Discussions between King and Parliaments over the specific conditions that might enable Charles to continue his reign. Charles secretly negotiates with the Scots, promises to impose Presbyterianism on England.

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August 1648
Fought mostly at Walton-le-Dale near Preston in Lancashire, resulted in a victory for the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell over the Royalists and Scots commanded by the Duke of Hamilton.

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January 1649
Charles is charged with high treason, found guilty, and executed.

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Execution of Charles I of England (in Whitehall Palace)

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Start of the Third English Civil War/ the Anglo-Scottish War

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Start of the Third English Civil War/ the Anglo-Scottish War

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(1950-1951)
Even before he was crowned, Charles II had formed an army of English and Scottish Royalists, encouraging Cromwell to invade Scotland in 1650.

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September 3rd, 1650
Battle of Dunbar, decisive engagement in the English Civil Wars, in which English troops commanded by Oliver Cromwell defeated the Scottish army under David Leslie, thereby opening Scotland to ten years of English work and rule.

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July 20th 1651
The Battle of Inverkeithing was a battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It was fought between an English Parliamentarian army under John Lambert and a Scottish Covenanter army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell. Lambert's force was a seaborne expedition landed at Fife to get around the main Scottish position at Stirling. The battle resulted in a decisive English victory that gave Oliver Cromwell's forces control of the Firth of Forth and outflanked the defensive position of the main Scottish Army under David Leslie.

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Parliamentarian Victory at the Battle of Worcester

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Parliamentarian Victory at the Battle of Worcester

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1651
The battle of Worcester was the last battle within the British Civil Wars. Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentary New Model Army, 28,000 strong, defeated King Charles II's 16,000 Royalists, of whom the vast majority were Scottish.