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Echo was an African Bush Elephant Matriarch of her ever-growing elephant family.

Born: 1945

Where: Amboseli National Park

Death: May 3, 2009

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By the age of 23, Echo became an elephant matriarch to her elephant clan, known as the EB family. It is unusual for Echo to become an elephant matriarch at such a young age because matriarchs were often the oldest and largest female elephant of the clan. The matriarch is considered the bedrock of the elephant family and is responsible for making life and death decisions on behalf of the clan. Examples include, where to go, when to leave a drought area, and when to leave an injured family member behind.

Ogden, L. E. (2015). The Power of Elephant Matriarchs. Save the Elephants. Retrieved from https://www.savetheelephants.org/about-elephants-2-3-2/elephant-news-post/?detail=the-power-of-elephant-matriarchs.

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Echo died at the age of 65 in May 2009. Echo left behind the EB family that will continue to use Echo and her teachings as a guide to survive. After the death of Echo, the EB family faces the worst drought ever recorded in Amboseli. Through their struggles against the worst drought, the EB family uses Echo's "final gift" which is the teachings and experiences to survive.

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Cynthia Moss gave all the members of Echo's family a name, the E-B's, all starting with the same letter, E.

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Ethologist Cynthia Moss studied Echo the elephant and her family clan for over 30 years. Moss' studies included demography, behavior, social organizations, and population dynamics of the African Elephants of Amboseli.

Years Active: 1972-Present

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Collars that transmitted radio signals. 

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Cynthia Moss met Echo in 1973, when Echo was about 28 years old. No film on Echo exists prior to this meeting.

Cynthia first met the matriarch as she was leading her calves down a route. Cynthia wanted to know where Echo and her family were going. Cynthia's colleagues had darted the matriarch and put a collar that transmitted radio signals. Hence, Echo got her name by her collar making "beep beep noises."

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With Echo's efforts, she was able to save her 18-month-old grandson Email from starvation, despite her eldest daughter Erin, dying from blood poisoning amidst an ongoing drought.

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Echo's sensible and stubborn attitude could be sensed when she journeyed farther for the best interests of her family.

Cynthia witnessed Echo giving birth 3 times.

Cynthia was the first one to realize that there was something wrong with 2-hour-old Ely. Echo had given birth to at least four other healthy calves, but Ely was the only one that was unable to stand straight within half an hour of being born.

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Echo protected her family at all costs. Echo's family was known for always remaining loyal and caring towards each other.

Echo's son Ely could not stand up straight when he was born. Echo did not abandon him but stayed by his side until he eventually was able to.

She gave birth to a daughter, Ebony who was very playful. She was kidnapped by another elephant family. The elephants who kidnapped Ebony did so to establish dominance. Echo was not intimidated and got her back by bringing the biggest female elephants of her family to fend off the captors.

Moss, C. (1993). Echo of the elephants: The story of an elephant family. W. Morrow.

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Echo nudging Ely to help him stand up and Enid by his side.

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Please go to the link for the video:
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/echo-an-elephant-to-remember-video-rescuing-ebony/5860/

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Echo: An Elephant to Remember ~ Rescuing Ebony | Nature | PBS

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Echo and her family respond when their daughter is stolen.

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Elephants experience and recognize emotion in other elephants.
For example, Enid staying with Echo and newborn Ely.

Elephants understand death and respond very empathically. Echo's family lingered at the place where she died. Echo's daughter, Enid would visit the area that Echo died every day.

Garstang, M. (2015). Chapter 8 Empathy and Altruism. In Elephant sense and sensibility. essay, Elsevier Science & Technology.

Bates, L. A., Poole, J. H., & Byrne, R. W. (2008). Elephant cognition. Current biology : CB, 18(13), R544–R546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.019

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Advantages and Disadvantages to Animal Research

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What are the benefits to both humans and animals in this interaction? What are the disadvantages?

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What are the benefits to both humans and animals in this interaction? What are the disadvantages?

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The benefits to both humans and animals within the Amboseli research project are plentiful. Humans can learn more about animals on a deeper- more emotional- level which helps them understand animal behavior, which can aid in preserving animal habitats, and can help us provide other forms of help. Some disadvantages to this interaction may be that the researchers may not use transparency in their research and can make unethical decisions based on their research, which would end up harming both animals and humans in the end.

Yeates, J. W., & Reed, B. (2015). Animal research through a lens: transparency on animal research. Journal of Medical Ethics, ⁴¹(7), 504–505. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44014134

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Advantages and Disadvantages to Animal Research

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Please Click the Link Below to Play Our Interactive Echo the Elephant Jeopardy!

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Please Click the Link Below to Play Our Interactive Echo the Elephant Jeopardy!

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https://www.jeopardyapp.com/play/echo-the-elephant

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, The continent where Echo was born and raised, The location Echo and her family lived, A period of abnormally low rainfall that Echo and her family lived through, The country Echo and her family live in, The volcano Echo and her family live near

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Bates, L. A., Poole, J. H., & Byrne, R. W. (2008). Elephant cognition. Current biology : CB, 18(13), R544–R546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.019

Birkhead, & Morgan, C. (2010). Nature. Season 29, Episode 2, Echo: An Elephant to Remember. Public Broadcasting Service PBS.

Moss, C. (1993). Echo of the elephants: The story of an elephant family. W. Morrow.

Garstang, M. (2015). Chapter 8 Empathy and Altruism. In Elephant sense and sensibility. essay, Elsevier Science & Technology.

Ogden, L. E. (2015). The Power of Elephant Matriarchs. Save the Elephants. Retrieved from https://www.savetheelephants.org/about-elephants-2-3-2/elephant-news-post/?detail=the-power-of-elephant-matriarchs.

Yeates, J. W., & Reed, B. (2015). Animal research through a lens: transparency on animal research. Journal of Medical Ethics, 41(7), 504–505. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44014134