# data[].attributes.headline
FOCSI!!! Check my text for FOCSI & Tense!

# data[].attributes.subject
FOCSI!!! Check my text for FOCSI & Tense!

# data[].attributes.body
Literature Review Assignment - requirements:

● 1,500 - 2,000 words (excluding the reference list)

● title and title page

● include the word count on the title page

● use APA formatting for the in-text references and the final reference list

● adopt an academic writing style (clear, accurate, formal, precise, concise, objective)

● demonstrate conventions of academic structure (coherent, congruent, connective devices)

# data[].attributes.body
· Clear – easy to understand

· Concise – giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words

· Objective – not influenced by personal opinions

· Precise – exact and accurate expression

# data[].attributes.body
What is a literature review?

‘’A literature review is a piece of academic writing demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the academic literature on a specific topic placed in context. A literature review also includes a critical evaluation of the material; this is why it is called a literature review rather than a literature report.’’

Or ''An objective, thorough summary and critical analysis of the relevant available research and non-research literature on the topic being studied''

Why a literature review?

1. Powerful learning device -> Exposes you to diverse ideas, allows you to learn from the successes and failures of previous researchers

2. Enables you to demonstrate your scholarly competences -> Displays your breath of reading and depth of understanding on a particular topic

3. Serves a basis for the study -> Relates to present study to the work of previous researchers, highlights important gaps in the field, indicates where prior studies can be extended

(Acts as the basis for comparing and contrasting your findings with previous research results)

# data[].attributes.body
Provide an understanding of the background of the field, identify which studies are most important and which are not, to put together your ''bookshelf'' of a study

# data[].attributes.headline
GUIDING QUESTIONS FOR YOUR NOTES ABOUT THE VIDEO

# data[].attributes.subject
GUIDING QUESTIONS FOR YOUR NOTES ABOUT THE VIDEO

# data[].attributes.body
1. [PAUSE] 2 mins 9 secs -  List the five things that need to be included in a Lit Review

-Historical background for research

- Current research context - questions, issues, debates, etc.

- Relevant theories and concepts

- Definition of relevant terminology

- Research your work expands on and/or gaps that your work fills

- Supporting evidence for a practical problem/issue

2. [PAUSE] 2 mins 34 secs - List the four types of Lit Reviews - See picture

Journal studies / Articles

Dissertations Thesis

Course assignment

Literature Analysis (review)

3. [PAUSE] 2 mins 34 secs - What kind of Lit Review is your course assignment ie. where does it fit in the diagram shown?

4. [PAUSE] 2 mins 37 - 43 secs -  What does this type of Lit Review focus on?

Presents and analyzes as much relevant literature as possible to explain background  and context

5. [PAUSE] 5mins 06 secs - What are the features of a stand alone Literature Review Articles? Ie. it presents and analyses ...(what?) /  note something about its scope ... and note what the sections are about .....

Presents and analyzes many relevant texts to explain an approach or theory

Broader in scopre

More extended analysis

All sections refer to literature rather than to one current study

6. [PAUSE] 5mins 35 secs - In the example of a stand-alone Lit Review that is shown in the video - note some features of the stand

1. The words 'review of the literature' are mentioned in the title (e.g. Apoptosis and Heart failure - A Critical Review of the Literature

2. Much longer than literature review for a study

3. Heading indicate the nature of the literature discussed in each section

7. [PAUSE] 5 mins 58 secs - What is the function of the Conclusion in the stand alone Literature Review?

Conclusion section ties all of these works together, showing how the literature analysis contributes to the literature

8. [PAUSE] 6 mins 35 secs - what three tips does the video give about how to choose your topic?

Choose a topic you are familiar with and interested in

Choose a topic your readers and other researchers will be interested in

Choose a topic that are current, well-established and have ample research for review

THE LITERATURE REVIEW WRTING PROCESS

1. Choose a topic - focus and explore this topic

2. Research - Collect scholarly information and sources

3. Analyze the network of information and select works (use thought maps and charts to identify intersections of the research and outline important categories, select the material most useful to your review)

4. Describe and summarize each selected article (determine 2-3 important concepts or findings discussed in each text; take notes of important aspects)

5. Demonstrate how concepts in the literature relate to results of study; Establish how the literature is connected

6. Identify relationships in the literature and connect your own ideas to them

9. PAUSE] 10 mins 54 secs  - What are the four tips for creating a strong Lit Review?

1. Clearly define your topic and audience first

2. Read many literature reviews and articles

3. Focus on more current sources

4. Take notes while reading literature

# data[].attributes.body
· Promotes the usage for formal vocabulary

· Refrains from using contractions (don’t, wouldn’t are a big no)

·  Encourages the use of cautious language (leave room for debate)

· Refrains from using emotive language

# data[].attributes.body
· Is founded on an argument: claim or thesis statements

· Primarily relies on logical reasoning and evidence

· Based on research

· Academic and formal language

# data[].attributes.body
·       Identify audience

·       Define purpose

·       Thinking

·       Discussing

·       Gathering Ideas

·       Reading/Annotating

·       Freewriting

·       Outlining

# data[].attributes.body
When you are thinking about your research project, consider:
- What do I want to know?
- Are there any interesting and concrete points arising out of the data?
- Do I understand the data?
- Can the data provide the answers to what I want to know?
- How will I be able to interrogate the data?
- Can I answer the question?

RQ summarizes the significant issue your research will investigate

Features of a good research questions
- Relevant: It is an issue covered by the research
- Manageable: It is within scope - not too large / too small
- Specific: It is measurable or investigable; you can investigate it
- Clear and simple: Readers understand what you are hoping to find out
- Interesting: Readers are interested in the research; it is a substantial question
- Legitimate: It is a question (not a statement)
- Answerable: You can actually provide an answer to the RQ

How do I formulate one?
Identify a broader subject of interest out of the data
e.g. Cyberbyllying
Research the general topic to find out what literature and data exists
Narrow the topic by asking open-ended 'how' and 'why' questions
e.g. Why is cyberbullying becoming more prevalent?
Aim to get to a specific, measurable question
e.g. What are the social factors leading to the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying in your Australians?

TIP: Make it open-ended enough so it can't just answered by a simple yes or no or a number.

Sample RQ language - Question forms
What is the relationship between ...?
What factors affect ...?
How do the effects of ... influence ...?
How does ... relate to ...?
Why is ... an issue in relation to ...?
Does ... mean that ...?

Form a purpose statement (why investigating). 'the purpose of this study is to investigate / determine / establish a relationship between ...
e.g. What are some of the environmental factors that occured in Parkville between January and July that would cause chickens to cross Grattan St?
-> Specific, measurable, investigable and gets to the 'why'. Investigates the purpose statement.

# data[].attributes.headline
Gamification in the corporate training context

# data[].attributes.subject
Gamification in the corporate training context

# data[].attributes.body
The term Gamification has become an emerging trending topic over the years. According to Chitroda (2015) the term gamification was first used in 2002, but only took off in 2010. Gamification is the idea of using game design elements in non-game contexts to motivate and increase user activity and retention (Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, & Nacke, 2011). It aims to make the process of learning more motivating and engaging to improve the learning experience (Cheong et al. 2013b) with the use of game elements. The current transformation, shifting from physical to digital work, gives opportunities and challenges to companies (Zinke, Friedrich, & Haefner, 2018). Such opportunities arise in areas such as innovation (Kavaliova et al. 2016; Roth et al. 2015), training and education (Kiryakova et al. 2014; Landers and Callan 2011; Ruhi 2015; Vinichenko et al. 2016) and performance improvement (Arai et al. 2014; Ong 2013; Sailer et al. 2017) in the corporate environment.

This literature review focusses on the training and education element in organizations and how gamification can influence this. A common problem in corporate training is the lack of employees’ motivation. This literature review addresses the success and challenges of gamification in a corporate context, which leads us to the research question: ‘How is gamification used in the corporate context nowadays as a tool for training and gaining motivation?’. In the first part, the term ‘gamification’ is explained with examples of how we can see this phenomenon implemented in a workplace. Secondly, factors that influence the acceptance of gamification in a corporate context are looked at. Furthermore, strategies of gamification being applied in the corporate training context are looked at. Finally, the literature review concludes with a discussion of the results. A discussion and opportunities for future research follows.

# data[].attributes.headline
5 Elements of Academic Writing Style (FOCSI)

# data[].attributes.subject
5 Elements of Academic Writing Style (FOCSI)

# data[].attributes.body
Formal
-        Do not use contractions or exclamation marks

-        Do not use abbreviations

-        Avoid slang and colloquialisms

Objective

-        Avoid generalisaties, personal interpretations, biases
Example:
Advertising is always intrusive (Generalisation and bias)
Advertising is often viewed as intrusive

That person has too many cats (Generalisation, personal interpretation)
That person has seven cats

It is not right that individuals have limited privacy online due to Big Data. (Opinion)
Limited online privacy can have negative consequences such as ...

Cautious
-        Think carefully before using words like definitely

-        Words like possibly, probably, likely, seems, may and could tent to feature in
good academic writing

Succint
-        Use words and phrases with precise meaning, avoid such as terms such as:

A lot of

Some

Once in a while
Kind of
Things
- Reduce Wordiness

Strategy to make your language more precise. Choose verbs with precise purpose

Get - Acquire, accomplish, attain, gain, obtain, receive
Say - Claim, state, report, explain, assert, describe
Make - Construct, form, prepare, create, compose
Ask - Request, examine, investigate, query, seek
Done - Completed, concluded, performed, accomplished

Impersonal

See picture

# data[].attributes.body
1. Write key words on seperate paper - identify key terms and phrases
2. Change the vocabulary - use synonyms to replace words
3. Change the sentence structure or voice (passive/active)
4. Rewrite the text in your own words
5. Reread your paraphrase to be sure it has the same meaning as the text

# data[].attributes.body
- Saves time
- Decreases workload
- Improves accuracy
- Promotes clarity
- Enables others to help

Critical reflection of the articles your choose
- Well formulated research questions
- Relevant theories used
- Appropriate research methods
- Clear and significant results?
- Valid conclusions?
- Compare the articles

# data[].attributes.body
1. Your own voice as a writer
2. The direct voice of a source
3. The indirect voice of a source

# data[].attributes.body
* Determine the order in which you discuss different topics
* Determine how to introduce and conclude your text

# data[].attributes.body
Paraphrasing is Formulate someone else's ideas in your own words. It is plagiarism if you use someone's idea without crediting the source

Paraphrasing is Rewrite a passage without changing the meaning (use in-text citation). It is plagiarism if you steal an idea without citing it and call it your own.

Paraphrasing is used more ofter in academic writing than direct quotes. It is plagiarism if it results in failing the assignment and/or course

# data[].attributes.headline
Create a plan / outline for your paper - Literature matrix! (Will get materials from that, as Rachel will upload it early)

# data[].attributes.subject
Create a plan / outline for your paper - Literature matrix! (Will get materials from that, as Rachel will upload it early)

# data[].attributes.body
- ... contains information provided by scientific literature
- ... has sub-questions that are answered by at least two different sources (but not necessarily all sources)
- ... has a sub-conclusion for each sub-question, which is displayed in the final column

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Course - Assessment Rubric - (scoring form) - PreM. Literature Review 

# data[].attributes.body
Transitional phrase and/or topic sentence
- First sentence of a paragraph
- Transition from the previous paragraph and/or introduce the topic of the current paragraph

Middle part: Supporting sentences
- Explains and interprets aspects of the topic sentence
- Presents support for statement in the topic sentence
- Develop the topic sentence
- Explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, and/or facts
- Are supported by scientific insights

Conclusion or link to next paragraph
- Not always necessary to include, but can be helpful in structuring your text
- Signals the end of the paragraph
- Gives the reader important points to remember (mostly a kind of
conclusion or summary)

Start of the paragraph - When starting a new paragraph, your first sentence should either be a topic sentence or a transitional phrase
- Use a topic sentence when you introduce a (new) topic
- Contains the topic and a statement about the topic
- The statement about the topic should give a clear impression of what will
be discussed throughout the paragraph
- Should not include references of very specific information about the topic

- Use a transitional phrase if the topic of the paragraph continues from a previous paragraph
- Links the content of the previous paragraph to the topic of the current
paragraph
- Does not include references
- Is always follow by or combined with a topic sentence

Question for lecture - We are encouraged to use headings. Is it then still necessary to use transitional phrases? As you give a new heading, it also makes sense that there is a new topic going on

# data[].attributes.body
- Discuss only one topic in a paragraph
- Use linking words to indicate relationships
- Vary sentence length
- Break paragraphs at logical points
- Avoid writing one-sentence paragraphs

# data[].attributes.body
Double spaced, indented, Headings all have capital letters

# data[].attributes.body
* When describing or discussing a theory, model, or practice associated with a particular writer
* To give weight or credibility to an argument you support
* To inform readers of the sources of direct quotations or definitions

# data[].attributes.body
(Steehouder, 1982, as cited in Beldad et al., 2014)

What do you include in the reference list?
Beldad, that is the one you actually used

# data[].attributes.body
- Alphabetical order
- second/third sentence need to be indented

# data[].attributes.body
- Is the overall structure clear?
- Is the information in a logical order? Do sentences need to be switched around?
- Are the reference word clear what it refers to?
- Use grammar.ly and a spell check - British English

- Research Question - Check that every paragraph helps in some way to answer the question, if not, cut it out.
- Too wordy - Critically read of redundancies, unnecessary adjectives, two word verbs BE SUCCINT
- Sentence structure - Check of run-on sentences, fragments, mix of short and long sentences
- Informal tone - Chatty or vague language, precise, objective, cautious
- Read topic sentences to check for logical flow of ideas/argument - when people only read your topic sentences, they should be able to know your flow
- Check transitions/linking words within and between paragraphs
- Academic work is open-minded and enquiring; as a student you should generally wonder about things rather than being certain.
- Use words and phrases with precise meaning

# data[].attributes.body
- Look at your literature review
- Identify informal language
- Find formal replacements
- Write some examples in the chat

# data[].attributes.body
- Attract reader's interest
- Uses formal language
- Predict & describe content of essay
- Use 10-15 words max

Level Up

Reviewing examples
- Do not make it a question
- Does it tell me about the topic or is it a hint of the content/argument?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Library Guides: APA Quick Citation Guide: APA Style Quiz

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This guide contains examples of common citation formats in APA (American Psychological Association) Style 7th edition

# data[].attributes.body
- Tool to check of plagiarism
- Compares texts
- The similarity report that it generates will help identify possible instances of plagiarism
-Provide a summary of matching or highly similar text found in a submitted paper. - The color of the report will show you how much your number of plagiarism is