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THE PROBLEMS OF BIOETHICS
three types:
reproduction and birth of human beings:
Regarding human reproduction and birth, bioethics deals with the problems raised in various fields.
1) by new reproduction techniques.
2) by prenatal diagnosis.
3)
application of techniques such as cloning, reproductive human beings or human genetic engineering.

And these pose serious risks of dehumanization.

health care and the relationship between doctor and patient:
Also in the field of health care, the relationship between doctor and patient has profoundly changed.
For example, the patient's right to be informed of the doctor's diagnosis and to accept or reject treatment is recognized.

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ÉTICAS
· BIOETHICS:
It is the discipline that tries to provide solutions to the conflict between the possibilities offered by technological development and the demands of an automatically human life. Many healthcare professionals need to find a suitable solution.
· BIOETHICS IS DIVIDED IN TWO PARTS:
• General: Study the ethical foundations, values ​​and principles that should guide ethical judgment and documentary sources.
• Special: It deals with specific dilemmas both in the medical and biomedical field and in the political-social field. (Transplants, experiments with human beings...)

· PROBLEMS OF BIOETHICS:
The reproduction and the birth of humans.

1) New reproduction forms.

2) Prenatal diagnosis.

3) For the possibility, in the future, from the application of techniques like the reproductive cloning of a human or human engineering.

This and other possibilities are they pose serious risks of dehumanization, but they also give rise to new rights.

The attention to the health and the relation about doctor and pacient-
There is a law that regulates the rights of the patient, that is, they have to accept or reject the treatment knowing the risks or side effects that it may entail.

Decisions about their own death and that of others.
In situations like this pose and say discusses how to act so that respect for life is harmonized with the right to a dignified death.

· BUSINESS:
Many people believe that ethics and business are separate things.

Faced with this opinion, business ethics proposals have been developed, reinforced by:

-Popular indignation.

-The formation of associations for the defense of consumer rights.

-The incorporation of ethical codes into business development programs.

With their investments and strategies, companies have to attend, not only to their own profit, but also to the consequences of their decisions, fairly or unfairly, in the businesses that affect them.

· THE NEED OF BUSINESS ETHICS:
-It must be an ethics of consequences and not of intentions. This ethics has to help itself with other disciplines such as economics or law, its purpose is a moral assessment at four levels:

-Economic institutions.

-Intermediate organizations-banks.

-Customer decisions and behaviors.

-Actions of companies that affect the environment.

· BUSINESS ETHICS AND GLOBALIZATION:
-The globalization is a process of interrelation and interdependence between countries at a political, economic and social level.

-This situation poses challenges to business ethics at a universal level in the following senses:

-Rise of the financial economy-need for a specific code aimed at banks.

-Market liberalization-promote international competitiveness, which raises the need to create ethical standards to regulate this activity.

-Industrial relocation-makes it possible to move companies to countries with more favorable economic conditions (China).
· PHILOSOPHICAL ETICS:
~ ECOHUMANISM:  Planet Earth alters its structure to continue with the evolutionary balance of organic and inorganic matter.

The human species has no special significance in the long run.

~THE GAIA HYPOTESIS:
Environmentally it must be ethically respected by virtue of its value for the well-being of human beings and future generations.
~INTERNATIONAL ENVIROMENTAL AGREEMENTS:
Environmentally it must be ethically respected by virtue of its value for the well-being of human beings and future generations.
~ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY:
The objective would be the social analysis of technologies and their corresponding formulation and justification of policies.
TWO TYPES:
· Technological introduction with the development and definition of computers from the last century.
· Technology has become present in almost all the daily activities of human beings, changing the meaning of concepts of education and work.

· PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS:
The rapid process of industrialization has led to a very important imbalance in the environment. Currently the environment is in a pessima conservation.

There have been many attempts to publicize the importance of preserving the world, which also include animals and humans.
Ethical issues have already concern only experts, but are impacting everyone in the same way.

Humans are capable of creating machines that can perform functions and develop responses to different stimuli.

These robots are designed with utilitarian purposes but they do raise ethical issues.

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· Applied ethics:

The increasing complexity of our world has produced new situations that require the application of certain moral criteria. One of the broadest areas of application of ethics is bioethics, due to medical and biological advances. Other areas of ethical application are moral issues about human and animal relations and the environment, and also the moral guarantees that should govern the operation of companies.

· Bioethics:

Bioethics is the discipline that tries to provide solutions to the conflict between technological development and the demands of an authentically human life. Many professionals need solutions to the ethical dilemmas of ethical judgment. These dilemmas arise in the context of research tasks with human beings.
Bioethics is divided in:
· General Bioethics: It studies the ethical dilemmas that should direct ethical judgment.
· Special Bioethics: It deals with specific dilemmas, both doctors and politicians.

The problems of bioethics are grouped into three questions:
· Reproduction and birth of human beings:
*New reproduction rechniques.

*Prenatal diagnostics.
*Possibility of application of techniques such as reproductive cloning.

· Health care and medical-patient relation:
Also in the field of health care has changed profoundly the doctor-patient relationship, for example the right of the patient to be informed of the diagnosis and accept or refuse treatment is recognized.

· Decisions about one's own death and that of others:
At the end of the century a new way of ruling the death of human beings was established, a person is no longer considered dead due to the impossibility of detecting the heartbeat. However, nowadays brain-dead people can be kept alive by machines.

· Ethics and technology:
The objective of applied ethics is the analysis of social impact and its corresponding formulation and justification.
The revolution of computational technologies is divided into two phases:
· The technological introduction with development and definition of computers from the 60s and 70s.
· When technology has become present in almost all daily activities of living beings.
Ethical issues are impacting everyone equally.

· Business ethics:
Many people believe that ethics and business are separate things; that business must be immoral; That no harm is done intentionally, but that it is not judged within the moral.
Faced with this opinion, various proposals for business ethics in the United States have been developed reinforced before:
*The popular indignation produced by the financial scandals and the cases of economic corruption.
*The formation of citizens' associations for the defence of consumer rights.
With their investments and strategies, companies must attend to social responsibility in the face of the consequences of their decisions.
The need for business ethics can be summarized as:
*Business base institutions.
*Intermediate organizations such as banks.
*Shareholder decisions and behaviours.
*Actions and companies that affect the environment.
Globalization is the process of independence between countries that brings together political, business or other factors.
Globalization poses different new challenges:
*The rise of the financial economy.
*Liberalization of markets, national competitiveness.
*Industrial relocation has made it possible for companies to move to countries with more favorable economic conditions.

· Ecological ethics:

The fast process of industrialization has led to a significant environmental imbalance.
There have been many attempts to categorize and justify the importance of the presentation of the environment, which influences nonhuman animals.

· Ecohumanism:
All animate and inanimate beings have ethical values solely for the reason they exist.

· Gallic hypothesis:
Planet Earth alters its structure to continue with the evolutionary balance of organic and inorganic matter.

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Portada

The complexity of the our world it has produced a much new situations  that it need the application for the morals criterias and this haven´t already can proporcioned for the past ethics.

and the news ethics questions it makes today for the scientific advances and for the tecnics advances.

One of the broader areas that the application of the ethic is the bioethic.

2. The bioethic

2.1

The bioethics is the discipline what it is about to contribute solutions to conflict between the development and the requirements of an authentically human life.

is usually divided in two parts:

1. General bioethics: the valors and the beginning that should direct the ethical judgment and the documentary sources of bioethics.

2. Special bioethics: deals with specific dilemmas in the medical field and in the political and social field, abortion.

2.2

They can be grouped into three types:

The reproduction and the birth of humans: the bioethics deals in various fields:

1. For new reproduction techniques.

2. For prenatal diagnosis.

3. For the possibility of techniques such as cloning.

-These and other possibilities pose grave risks of dehumanization.

The attention of the health and the relationship between doctor and patient

-the patient has this right even if his refusal could lead to his death.

The decisions about the own death and that of others:

-A person is not considered dead due to the impossibility of detecting the heartbeat, but his death is confirmed when all brain activity ceases.

3. ÉTICA DE LOS NEGOCIOS

3.1

1. For the middle of the century xx it was desarollated some proposals to the ethic of the business,it  reinforced bt the next success : the popular  indignation, produce the financial scandals and the economic corruption cases.

2. The formation of citizen associations to defend the consumers.
3. the progressive incorporation of the ethic codes to the programs of the business development for prevent prejudice, etc.

3.2

The ethic of the business must to is a ethic of the consequences and not of the intentions .

his finality is carry out a moral valoration to the business in 4 levels:

1. In the economic  instructions of base.

2. in the  intermedi organization

3. in the decisions and the comportements that  characterised economics relations or professional roles specific

4. in the actions and the dynamics of the business that affected to the environment.

3.3

The economic sistem and politic of the world are transformation for the release to the market, etc.

This situations now poses new  challenges to the business ethic.

globalization influences the design and activity of companies in these senses:

1. The rise of the financial economy has left the productive economy in the background. That is why a specific code is needed

2. New technologies have boosted international competitiveness and have enabled strategies to reduce costs and prices.

3. industrial relocation has produced a liberation of the labor market

4. OTROS RETOS DE LA ÉTICA APLICADA

4.1

The rapid process of industrialization has led to a major environmental imbalance

There have been many attempts to justify the importance of environmental preservation, these are some of them:

-The ecohumanism

All beings have ethical value only by reason of their existence.

It also proposes a defense of the value of collective ecological entities, such as ecosystems.

-The gaia hypothesis

Planet Earth alters its geophysiological structure to continue with the evolutionary balance of organic and inorganic matter.

The planet is a total and holistic entity, endowed with ethical value and where the human species does not have a particularly special significance.

-International environmental agreements

The environment must be ethically respected by virtue of its value for the well-being of human beings and future generations.

4.2

The objective of applied ethics would be the analysis of the social impact of technologies and their ethical use.

1. The technological introduction with the development and the definition of the pc.

2. Technology is present in daily activities changing fundamental concepts Technological ethics is a very important topic and the ethics questions impact all.

The technology are think with utilitarian purposes, but don’t stop raising ethical issues.