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This painting was very controversial to many because it depicted the United States' flag, but it wasn't a flag, or really even a painting, either. It made the viewer think about the symbolism of the U.S. flag. This painting did not call attention to Johns' artistry, but it just portrayed a regular object that would now make viewers see the beauty in something they probably saw every day.

https://www.jasper-johns.org

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This is an example of Rauschenberg's work with different materials. In this, there is a taxidermied eagle, a man's shirt cuffs, and a pillow. Some people have said that this alludes to Greek mythology, but it could just be a collection of random things

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/165011

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This painting, which is actually the background for this whole Padlet presentation, was literally a canvas painted white, with six black lines painted from top to bottom. The purpose of this and other similar paintings was to change throughout the days, based on the lighting coming through the windows, and the amount of dust collecting on the canvases. All of this came together and let the viewer create their own idea of how this was art

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59902/101-masterpieces-john-cages-433

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Neo-Dadaism was a direct response to Abstract Expressionism, which was primarily concerned with artist expressing their feelings in a very abstract way. Usually they did this by incorporating action into their paintings through splatters or trails of paint, or they focused on filling the canvas with color.

Neo-Dadaists cared less about expressing their own feelings and creating art from nothing, so they responded by turning the focus onto the subject itself and allowing their audiences to interpret the Neo-Dadaists' art in their own way. That subject, instead of being an abstract idea, was always something very real and tangible, which separated the Neo-Dadaists even more from the Abstract Expressionalists

https://www.artsy.net/gene/abstract-expressionism

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"It seems to me that the modern painter cannot express this age, the airplane, the atom bomb, the radio, in the old forms of the Renaissance or of any other past culture." -Jackson Pollock
Abstract Expressionism signaled a new age of American artistic expression in the immediate postwar period (the late 1940s and 1950s). Though never a formal movement or school, "AbEx" grouped together artists-including Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, and Clyfford Still, amongst others-with interest in spontaneity, monumental size, the individual psyche, and universal expressions of feeling. Historically, AbEx has been broken into two tendencies: Gestural Abstraction (or Action Painting), which emphasized the energy of the painter's mark, and Color Field Painting, which focused on the creation of vast, seemingly floating areas of color. The rise of Abstract Expressionism has been attributed to the influence of European movements like Cubism and Surrealism, which reached New York in the 1930s and '40s via museum exhibitions, academic institutions, and the stateside relocation of many major European artists due to World War II.

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"It seems to me that the modern painter cannot express this age, the airplane, the atom bomb, the radio, in the old forms of the Renaissance or of any other past culture." -Jackson Pollock Abstract Expressionism signaled a new age of American artistic expression in the immediate postwar period (the late 1940s and 1950s).

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Raoul Hausmann, The Art Critic, 1919-1920

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Claes Oldenburg, Soft Pay-Telephone, 1929

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The Neo-Dada style first appeared in the late 1950s, continuing the "anti-art" of the Dada style. Instead of focusing on portraying their own emotions on a canvas, Neo-Dadaists allowed their art to speak for itself. The paintings and sculptures often incorporated fairly boring objects, but this was on purpose. The Neo-Dadaists believed that mundane, everyday objects had just as much right to be admired as beautiful paintings were. After all, music is just an arrangement of sounds, paintings are a mixture of colors, and sculptures are just materials molded into shapes. Why couldn't a dog's bark, a plain white paint, or some car tires be considered art as well?

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Neo-Dadaism was heavily influenced by its predecessor, the Dada style. Dadaist artists during World War I decided to deal with their frustration at the world by creating "anti-art", or a style that ridiculed and dismissed other art. The point of Dadaism was to push for the war to stop, and it did so by being satirical and very difficult to make sense of. Neo-Dadaists took the surreal and absurd aspects of Dadaism and applied them to everyday objects. This was also done to redefine art and show its subjective nature.

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/dada

https://www.artsy.net/gene/dada

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Untitled - Drip, Rolph Scarlett, 1948-1958

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These were some terms I found while reading about Neo-Dadaism that can help explain the style

found materials: ordinary objects, like fences, chairs, or household tools that were either used in a sculpture or portrayed in a painting or a photo. This was one of the primary elements used in Neo-Dadaist artwork.

banal activities: something carried out by people frequently and is very commonplace. For example, walking the dog, reading a book, or going grocery shopping. We might believe these activities to have no artistic appeal, but Neo-Dadaists disagreed, bringing to light beauty from even the most plain things we can think of

mass media: information spread to everyone through newspapers, magazines, posters, etc. These showed up frequently in Neo-Dadaism in the form of collages

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John Cage has been accredited as the person who introduced Neo-Dadaism to the world, doing so with his musical compositions.

His main influences were Marcel Duchamp, the most well-known Dadaist artist, and Gita Sarabhai, an Indian woman who feared that Western music would ruin the music of her home. Duchamp showed Cage that art was subjective, and Sarabhai showed him that Eastern music was more functional and was meant to help the listener focus on other things. With those two influences, Cage realized that music was little more than sound. It wasn't emotion, but just sound waves that he could manipulate.

With that knowledge, he began to listen to music differently, and what finally inspired him was some of the worst music ever created, Muzak.

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59902/101-masterpieces-john-cages-433

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Muzak was used to fill in the silence in areas like elevators, subway cars, and the workplace. Because music was so easy to record compared to earlier times, Muzak infiltrated every single space people could think of. John Cage hated the idea of Muzak because it completely destroyed silence, a tool for thoughtfulness and invention.

Cage's response to this "horrific" invasion of Muzak was to compose the piece 4'33". When it debuted live in 1952, the entire audience, instead of receiving a very purposefully composed series of sounds, were treated to four minutes and thirty-three seconds of "silence". But the lack of music opened the ears of the audience to people yawning, the sounds coming from outside, and any other noises that they would have missed during those four and a half minutes.

John Cage proved a point that art is completely subjective. It doesn't take a group of people playing instruments in synchrony. It can be found in silence, or in everyday sounds that we take for granted if we listen to them with a new ear.

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59902/101-masterpieces-john-cages-433

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Robert Rauschenberg was known for his integration of several elements, like "sheet metal, newspaper, tires, and umbrellas", as well as his very plain, white-painted canvases with little black lines running down them. He departed from what people considered art, and just like John Cage, he was trying to prove a point that art could be found in anything.

https://www.artsy.net/artist/robert-rauschenberg

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Jasper Johns started out as being influenced by both John Cage and Robert Rauschenberg, and eventually collaborated on artwork with Andy Warhol and other famous artists. His work has long been viewed as both controversial and groundbreaking

https://www.jasper-johns.org