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Using crushed limestone for SO2 decrease

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Using crushed limestone for SO2 decrease

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SO2 forms with coal, oil, or diesel that contains sulfur is burned. Majority of the eastern states in the US have the biggest sources of SO2. This causes an shortness of breath and chest tightness when exercising and respiratory diseases.
Limestone is used to reduce SO2 and acid rain by increasing their ph. it is found in shallow parts of the ocean and underground, majority of the time in central and eastern US near cities.This is because limestone is created from the precipitation from seawater and mechanical transport and deposition of existing limestone which forms clastic deposition. Limestone is used in everyday life by having it hidden in walls, cleaning supplies, paper, tea, for farming. Limestone is used to reduce sulfur dioxide by absorbing it and increasing the ph of it. Pure limestone has a calcium carbonate equivalence value of 100%

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green is contaminated air, pink is dry scrubbing, and blue is clean uncontaminated air

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Removes gasses and particulates from emissions through absorption

Uses something called sorbent (typically an activated alumina compound impregnated with materials to handle specific gases) that neutralizes or separate the acids from the gas. Combines sorbent with the exhaust stream at incredibly high speeds.

Main countries dry scrubbers can be found in are the United States, Canada, France, and Germany.

Highly effective but not as good as wet scrubbers. Newer versions are around 95% efficient

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The Bag house filter collects PMs from the air especially dust and other parts released during production of for instance power at power plants. Bag Houses are used all around the world and by almost all producers of industrial goods. The Bag House will collect PMs from the air using woven fabric or a felt like material that grab the dust as it comes up from the plant, bag houses are estimated to have a 99% efficiency. Bag houses are considered to be pretty efficient at what they do (99%+)

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Wet scrubbers are used to control particulate matter and gasses. Wet scrubbers have been used in a variety of industries such as acid plants, fertilizer plants, steel mills, asphalt plants, and large power plants. Wet scrubbing processes remove particulate matter by capturing them in liquid droplets. The droplets are then collected, with the liquid dissolving or absorbing the pollutant gases. Any droplets that are in the scrubber inlet gas must be separated from the outlet gas stream using a mist eliminator. Most wet scrubbing systems operate with particulate collection efficiencies over 95 percent.

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Removes particles like dust and steam from flowing gas streams.

Used in many places around the world in cement plants, waste incinerators, smelters, petroleum refineries, paper mills, etc.

Electrostatic Precipitators go through a three step process of charging, collecting, and cleaning of particles.
Using an electric charge to remove certain impurities by applying energy only to the particulate matter being collected.

Categorized as Dry and Wet ESPs. Where Dry ESPs only remove particulate matter that is dry or, not in vapor form. And Wet ESPs or WESPs, remove vapor and toxic gases from a gas stream.

Both are effective and don't slow down or interrupt a gas stream. Dry ESPs have a 99% collection efficiency and WESPs have a 99.9% collection efficiency.

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Fluidized Bed combustion is a method of pollution control that limits the emissions of gases like SOx.
They mix crushed coal with either sand or limestone because of their liquid-like properties, they also have a stream of fluid like air-stream at the bottom of the bed to keep the particles suspended.When heated it forms a liquid like mixture hat is suspended in the air.
There are two types of fluidized bed combustion plants. Circular Fluidized bed (CFB) and Bubbling Fluidized Beds(BFB). Circular Fluidized beds the velocity is higher and hot particles are circulated through the entire range of the boiler combustion zone. In BFBs the velocity of the combustion airs lo enough that the fluidized particles remain in the lower furnace.
because of the unique technique of more like boiling the coal versus burning the coal, it is able to retain a lot of the sulfur dioxide. Some places use limestone, dolomite which have calcium which mixes with the sulfur to create Calcium oxide and calcium sulfate whihc have other uses. because of the suspended coal less heat is loss. In fluidized bed combustion usually 97-99% of all burnable carbon in the fuel is combusted. CFBs are considered better for large boiler load ranges

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Catalytic Converters deal with the toxins released from engines. They are located under vehicles with gasoline engines. It converts toxins from cars into less harmful byproducts like water vapor and carbon dioxide by splitting up the moleculess in the emissions before they are released. They are 99% efficient at reducing the molecules into safer byproducts. After about 4000 miles, the effectiveness is about 95%.

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The vapor recovery nozzle deals with gasoline vapors. They are on gas pumps to deal with the fumes directly and the fumes are redirected back into the storage tank underground. It just simply captures the fumes(methane and benzene) to reduce the number of fumes being released. They reduce 95% of the fumes from gasoline.