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This is a magazine article published on 03/25/2019 by John Harrison, Matthew Kawas and Chase Sargeant in the Small Wars Journal. The author analyzes the Monroe Doctrine and how it still influences US foreign policies in the 21st century. In the article, the author criticizes the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is seen as being the reason for the unscrupulous foreign policy decision influencing the policies of countries in Latin America. For instance, America’s policies regarding Cube and Panama were heavily influence by the Doctrine. The authors’ view is that the Monroe Doctrine was, “Used, abused, and transformed over nearly 200 years as the world context changed”. While according to the authors the policy successful, it was “at the cost of generating disdain from the Americas”. The article points out that the Doctrine was functional at first, but it should have been adapted to the changing contexts over time. This article is addressed to people who study the topic, and policy makers. The article does not tell us how this article should be applied in a more global context, but we can in fact learn how the USA has interfered in the domestic policies of many Latin American countries, and how in many cases this had caused much instability in those countries. The source is reliable as the authors include extensive bibliography.

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This cartoon which was published in 1896 by Victor Gillam shows two groups of people on either side of the sea. On the left-hand side, the European powers can be seen as they are depicted with their cultural stereotypes. For example, the German is short, has thin legs, a mustache and a puffed-up chest, the Spaniard is tall, skinny and has a mustache, lastly, the British is short, fat, and wears a top hat. On the other side of the sea are the Latin American countries such as Venezuela and Nicaragua. In between the two groups of people stands Uncle Sam who represents America, holding up a sign that says, “America for Americans”. There is clearly unrest as can be seen by the facial expressions and body language of the people on both sides of the Atlantic, these emotions include surprise (), unrest (), dissatisfaction ()and fear (). Moreover, the British man seems particularly upset, this is because to that point Britain and the US had a mixed relationship (going back to the American Revolution), and now the US wanted to change it. In addition, Venezuela and Nicaragua being behind Uncle Sam symbolize that Latin America was the US’s backyard, hence that they are also unhappy. Lastly, the purpose of this cartoon was to criticize the Monroe Doctrine by illustrating the reactions of the big European powers and the helpless Latin American countries showing that the USA was on the path to dominance.

The source shows the American perspective on the Doctrine, it shows us an opinions it does not give us factual information, however it shows us how the artists interpreted the negative reactions to the Monroe Doctrine.

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The Monroe Doctrine is a document declaring America’s foreign policy position which influenced American foreign policy in the 19th and 20th century. It was written in 1823 by US president James Monroe. It was created to deter the Influence of European Powers such as Russia, Frances, Britain, Spain, Portugal, and Germany, in North and South America. At the same time, Britain supported America because they were keen on sustaining trade relationships in south America and preventing Spain from regaining influence in South America. The impact in the short term was that the British navy helped to enforce the Monroe doctrine because America’s military was too weak at the time. The long-term impact was that no European power had influence in North and South America any longer, and the US was in control.

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13. Monroe Doctrine Written Source Analysis

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13. Monroe Doctrine Written Source Analysis

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The Monroe Doctrine is a written source issued by President James Monroe in 1823. It is a policy paper presented to US congress that aimed at preventing European powers from interfering in the Western Hemisphere. The reason this source was written was to prohibit the influence of the European powers at the time from gaining or regaining influence on any part of America. Europe wanted to do control part of the Americas because they saw great potential in trade. For example, Spain was trying to regain influence on its former colonies in Latin America such as Venezuela and Nicaragua.

The audience for this message were the leaders and governments of the European powers as well as the American Congress.

The source is useful in some ways to help us understand the aims of American foreign policies at the time.

The source does not tell how the recipients of this message reacted, whether they headed the warning or not. The source helps us understand the basis of American policies at the time.

A question that could be asked is if some countries were given stricter restrictions such as Russia or Spain, and if countries already affiliated with America like Britain were not so strictly warned.

In addition, another question that could be asked is whether the US was looking out for Latin America’s best interest or if they were trying to keep it exclusively to themselves.

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12. American Expansion: American - Spanish War

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12. American Expansion: American - Spanish War

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12. American Expansion: American - Spanish War

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12. American Expansion: American - Spanish War

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12.  American Expansion: American – Spanish War 

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12.  American Expansion: American – Spanish War 

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9.     Open door policy Japan: Sino and Russo Japanese Wars 

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9.     Open door policy Japan: Sino and Russo Japanese Wars 

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Open door policy Japan Sino and Russo Japanese Wars

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Open door policy Japan Sino and Russo Japanese wars recording 2

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Open door policy Japan Sino and Russo Japanese wars recording 2

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5.     British East Indian Company: The Sepoy Mutiny & Raj 

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5.     British East Indian Company: The Sepoy Mutiny & Raj 

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan: Recording

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan: Recording

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https://aiscaccy-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/dyoash_aisc_ac_cy/EeKqsql4uKxFnHAEZ-kEmKcBlc-7u9IWSApKHFM01zR_Hg?e=58PPSk

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Open door policy Japan Sino and Russo Japanese wars recording 1

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Open door policy Japan Sino and Russo Japanese wars recording 1

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7.     The Opium Wars: Taiping Rebellion 

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7.     The Opium Wars: Taiping Rebellion 

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2.     South Africa: Britain, Zulu, Boers 

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2.     South Africa: Britain, Zulu, Boers 

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan

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4. Expansion into the Middle East: Persia & Afghanistan

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Audio Guide Link:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BsE-Kk4LlIw8WptUX-x-4KF5F5pB7FR7?usp=sharing

Please click on the Image to open the pdf.

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Annexation Of Hawaii - J and A-converted