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Dr. Marie Maynard Daly

1.Became the first Black woman in the U.S. to earn a ph.D in chemistry in 1947
2.developed programs to increase the number of minorities in medical schools and graduate science programs.
3.She found a strong correlation between high blood pressure and having high cholesterol levels in the blood.
4.

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Chien-Shiung Wu

1. Discovered Promethium
2. Known for the Manhattan Project
3. Wu was the first woman to get an honorary doctorate in science from Princeton.
4. Wu became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Science's prestigious Cyrus B. Comstock Award.
5. She earned many nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie,” the “Queen of Nuclear Research” and the “First Lady of Physics.”
6.

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Rosalyn S. Yalow

1- Medical Physicist
2- developed the radioimmunoassay (RIA), an extremely sensitive technique for measuring minute quantities of biologically active substances.
3- appointed chief of the Nuclear Medical Service at the Veterans Administration Hospital
4- The first female recipient of the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award
5- became a distinguished professor at large at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University
6- became a consultant in nuclear physics to the Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital
7- she was physicist and assistant chief of the radioisotope service
8-

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Mae Jemison
1. she became the first black woman to travel into space
2. She is an engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut
3. She joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission
4. Jemison graduate from Stanford  university with degrees in chemical engineering
5. she was a doctor for the peace corps in Liberia from 1983 until 1985
6. Jemison left NASA and founded a technology research company
7. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the 100 year Starship project funded by DARPA
8. she also wrote several books for children and appeared on television  several times
9. she holds several honorary doctorates
10. Now she is been inducted into the national women's hall of frame

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Mu Sochua
1. Sochua worked within human rights networks to promote peace
2.In 1995, she attended the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.
3.Sochua won a parliamentary seat representing Battambang province in the National Assembly.
4.She was the first female to hold the position and became one of only two women in the cabinet.
5.Sochua campaigned widely for gender justice throughout Cambodia’s remote villages
6.She helped draft a national law against domestic violence.
7.In 2011, Sochua was elected President of the SRP Women’s Wing.
8.Sochua acts as a peaceful buffer between protesters and police authorities.
9.Sochua was arrested and put in maximum security.
10.Today, Sochua is still a member of parliament, and a watchdog for government transparency and accountability.

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Katherine Johnson
1) She is known from the movie Hidden Figures and was a mathematician who worked for NASA
2) She started high school at just 10 years old! (Lucky!)
3) She started college at 15, graduated at 18 and became a teacher.
4) She was hired at NASA to solve math problems at age 34. They called these type of workers computers.
5) Her biggest accomplishment was that her math was used to send the first US man to the moon and back.
6) She retired from NASA after 30 years.
7) She died on February 24, 2020 at age 101
8)She was married twice. Her first husband died.
9) Some of her awards include NASA group achievement award and Presidential Medal of Freedom..
10) She had three daughters.

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Marie Curie
1. Devoted her entire career and life to science
2. The first women professor at the faculty of sciences at the Sorbonne
3. Member of the Physics Solvay Council
4. Tof of the Academy of Medicine
5. Two time Nobel Prize winner
6.She gave private lessons to help support her family, specifically her sister Bronislawa who was a medical student in paris.
7. She joined her sister in paris to pursue a higher education at the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne
8. She studied the properties of radiation discovered by Henri Becquerel and gave it the name "radioactivity"
9. Marie and Pierre discovered polonium and radium
10. Marie curie defended her doctoral thesis on the new radioactive substances.

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Madame C.J. Walker
1. She is said to be the nation's first self-made female millionaire.
2. She was an orphan at the age of 7 and widowed at 20.
3.Walker was a philanthropist
4. She was a passionate public speaker.
5. Often found to be the only woman among other leaders such as Booker T Washington.
6. Her most famous statement is "I am a woman from the cotton fields of the South. I was promoted to the washtub. I was promoted to the kitchen. I promoted myself to the business of hair...on my ground."
7. She worked hard for what she wanted out of life which lead to her success as a business woman.
8. Not only did she make way for herself but she employed other African American women and made a way out for them.
9. She was born as Sarah Breedlove but changed it because of a dispute between her and someone who had accused her of stealing a hair care formula.
10. In 1908, Walker opened a beauty school and factory in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania named after her daughter.

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Tu Youyou

1. Tu Youyou is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and malariologist.
2. She studied at the Peking University in Beijing
3. She was born and raised in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
4. She is now a Chief Scientist.
5. She has worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine sine 1965.
6. She was born on December 30, 1930. She is now 90 years old.
7. She is married and has two kids.
8. She has won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.
9. She discovered artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin in the 1970's, which are used to successfully treat malaria.
10. She was the first native Chinese to win a Lasker award in history.

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Vera Rubin
American Astronomer
Discovered dark matter
Pioneered on galaxy rotations rates

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Gladys West

1.)Gladys West was an African American mathematician
2.) She born on October 27 (the day before my birthday) 1930.
3.) She worked with satellites and helped come up with the Global Positioning System commonly known as the GPS.
4.) West grew up on a farm in Virginia
5.) she pursued math to avoid a life of doing agricultural work, as she grew up picking corn, cotton, and tobacco but knew she didn't want to farm for the rest of her life
6.) Gladys was valedictorian of her high school class
7.) Earned a full scholarship to Virginia State University ( was Virginia State College at the time)
8.) She received a masters in math
9.) Gladys received her first offer of a government position from the U.S Naval Weapons Laboratory in Virginia in 1956, where met her husband, (another mathematician there) and where she worked until retirement in 1998
10.) West received her second masters in public administration in 1973 from the University of Oklahoma

fun fact: Gladys West retired at age 70 and in 2018 the Air Force inducted her into the Space and Missiles Pioneers Hall of Fame
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/people-african-american-history/gladys-mae-west-1930/

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Rosalind Franklin
1. Rosalind Elsie Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer
2. her work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite
3. made a crucial contribution to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA
4. She clashed with researcher Maurice Wilkins, who had thought she was his assistant, not his equal. Meanwhile, Franklin was under the impression that she'd be completely independent.
5. using her unpublished data, Maurice Wilkins and James Watson combined her image with their own data to discover what is known today as the double helix structure of DNA
6.  Australian astronomer, John Broughton discovered an asteroid at the Reedy Creek Observatory in Queensland, Australia. He named his discovery the ‘9241 Rosfranklin’ in tribute to Franklin.
7. discovered that the pores in coal were roughly the same size as gas molecules, which meant coal could be used a molecular sieve to separate different molecules. Today, carbon-based molecular sieves are used for many things including extracting oxygen from air.
8. was one of five children born into a wealthy Jewish family
9. her father, Ellis, a merchant banker, objected to women going to college and refused to pay her tuition. Her aunt and mother finally managed to change his mind, and she enrolled at Cambridge's all-female Newnham College in 1938.
10. her work with crystal x-ray diffraction, which involved constant exposure to radiation, led to ovarian cancer, which eventually lead to her death

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Today would have been the 100th birthday of English chemist Rosalind Franklin, a brilliant and dedicated scientist best known for the honor denied her: the 1962 Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of DNA. Here are 15 facts about the noted scientist.

1. Rosalind Franklin discovered her calling early, but her father didn't believe that women should be college-educated.

Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born in London in 1920. She was one of five children born into a wealthy Jewish family. She decided she wanted to become a scientist at 15, and passed the admissions exam for Cambridge University. However, her father, Ellis, a merchant banker, objected to women going to college and refused to pay her tuition. Her aunt and mother finally managed to change his mind, and she enrolled at Cambridge's all-female Newnham College in 1938.

2. Rosalind Franklin attended college with another woman who didn't get full credit for her work.

Bletchley Park cryptanalyst Joan Clarke was a few years older than Franklin, but they were both at Newnham in the late 1930s. Clarke would go on to be recruited for the war effort, cracking the German Enigma codes. The full scope of Clarke's work is still unknown, due to government secrecy.

3. Rosalind Franklin's university refused to acknowledge her scholastic achievements for years.

Despite Newnham College having been at Cambridge since 1871, the university refused to accept women as full members until 1948, seven years after Franklin earned the title of a degree in chemistry. Oxford University started granting women's degrees in 1920.

4. Rosalind Franklin's research on coal aided the aerospace industry.

After graduation, Franklin got a job at the British Coal Utilization Research Association (BCURA), where she researched coal and charcoal, and how it could be used for more than fuel. Her research formed the basis for her 1945 doctoral dissertation; it and several of her later papers on the micro-structures of carbon fibers played a role in the eventual use of carbon composites in air- and spacecraft construction.

5. Rosalind Franklin's male colleagues were hostile and undermined her research.

Franklin had a direct nature and was unwilling to be traditionally feminine. One reason she left Cambridge to work on coal was that her doctoral supervisor did not like her and believed women would always be less than men. When she was hired in 1951 at King's College, London, to work on DNA, she clashed with researcher Maurice Wilkins, who had thought she was his assistant, not his equal. Meanwhile, Franklin was under the impression that she'd be completely independent. Their relationship got worse and worse the longer they worked together. Wilkins went so far as to share Franklin's research without telling her with James Watson and Francis Crick-even though they were technically his competitors, funded by Cambridge University. Watson was particularly nasty about Franklin in his 1968 book, The Double Helix, criticizing her appearance and saying she had to be "put in her place."

6. How events unfolded in the discovery of DNA's structure is still debated today.

Many books have been written hashing over events, either criticizing Watson and Crick, saying they stole Franklin's research, or defending the duo, saying her research helped them but that Franklin would not ultimately have reached their conclusions on her own. Though Franklin and Watson never became friendly, Crick and his wife welcomed Franklin into their home while she was being treated for ovarian cancer.

7. Rosalind Franklin's work may have led to her untimely death.

Franklin died of cancer in 1958. She was 37. Though genetics likely played a part in her illness, her work with crystal x-ray diffraction, which involved constant exposure to radiation, did not help. She is not the first woman in science to risk her health for her research. Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia, which has been tied to radiation exposure. Many of Curie's personal belongings, including her cookbooks, are too radioactive to handle even today.

8. Had Rosalind Franklin lived longer, she may have qualified for more than one Nobel Prize.

The first, of course, would have been awarded with Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, had they been made to share credit with her. (Pierre Curie had to ask the Nobel Committee to add his wife to the nomination in 1903.) As for the second, chemist Aaron Klug won the prize in 1982, carrying on work he and Franklin had started on viruses in 1953, after she left King's College. Because of the rules at the time of her death about awarding prizes posthumously (and in 1974 all posthumous awards were eliminated, the sole exception being in 2011), Franklin has none.

9. Despite being denied the Nobel Prize, Rosalind Franklin's contributions have been acknowledged and honored by many academics.

In 2004, the Chicago Medical School renamed itself the Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. She has also had a number of academic programs, auditoriums, and labs named for her. In 2013, Newnham College principal Dame Carol Black helped install a plaque commemorating Franklin at the Eagle Pub in Cambridge. Crick and Watson, who already had a plaque in the pub, drank there often while working on the DNA project, and allegedly boasted about discovering "the secret of life" to other patrons.

10. Rosalind Franklin is the subject of several biographies.

The first, 1975's Rosalind Franklin and DNA, was written by her friend Anne Sayre, largely as a reaction to Watson's The Double Helix. In 2002, Brenda Maddox published Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.

11. There's an object in space named after Rosalind Franklin.

In 1997, amateur Australian astronomer John Broughton discovered an asteroid, which he named 9241 Rosfranklin.

12. At least one history rap battle is about Rosalind Franklin.

It was produced by seventh graders in Oakland, California (with some help from teacher Tom McFadden). And it is delightful.

13. Rosalind Franklin has been immortalized on the small screen as well as on the big stage.

In 1987, BBC's Horizon series aired The Race for the Double Helix, starring Juliet Stevenson as Franklin. Jeff Goldblum played Watson. In 2011, playwright Anna Ziegler premiered a one-act about Franklin called Photograph 51. It opened on the West End in 2015, starring Nicole Kidman as Franklin.

14. The 2015 run of Photograph 51 reignited the old controversy.

While Kidman got much praise from critics for her turn as Franklin in Photograph 51, Maurice Wilkins' friends and former colleagues have taken exception to a scene where Wilkins takes a photograph-the titular Photo 51, which showed evidence of DNA's structure-from Franklin's desk when she isn't there, saying he would never have done something so dishonorable.

15. The play Photograph 51 may be adapted to the big screen.

In 2016, the West End production's director, Michael Grandage, told The Hollywood Reporter that he hopes to turn the play into a film-with Kidman reprising the role.
This story has been updated for 2020.

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15 Facts About Rosalind Franklin On Her 100th Birthday

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Today would have been the 100th birthday of English chemist Rosalind Franklin, a brilliant and dedicated scientist best known for the honor denied her: the 1962 Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of DNA. Here are 15 facts about the noted scientist. Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born in London in 1920.