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The Ottoman Empire was founded

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The Mughul Empire was founded

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The Virginia Company founds Jamestown, the first permanently settled English colony in the United States.

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The first shipload of enslaved Africans to go the British American colonies arrives in Jamestown, Virginia. The Dutch trading vessel carries 20 enslaved people, seized from a captured Spanish slave ship. By 1699, an estimated 33,200 enslaved Africans would be brought by force to the colonies.

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India becomes a colony of Great Britian.

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The first U.S. trading ship arrives in Calcutta, India. Voyage of the Empress of China commences U.S.–China trade.

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The U.S. Constitution is drafted. Although the “Founding Fathers” were careful not to use the word “slavery,” key provisions protected the institution: a clause delaying the banning of the slave trade, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Fugitive Slave Clause. The Three-Fifths Compromise called for counting three out of every five enslaved people as “a person” for the purpose of determining the number of seats a state would have in the U.S. House of Representatives. This effectively gave southern states one-third more seats in Congress and one-third more electoral votes than if enslaved people were not counted, granting slaveholder interests to largely dominate the government of the United States. The Fugitive Slave Clause required a “person held to service or labour” (usually a slave, apprentice, or indentured servant) who flees to another state to be returned to the owner in the state from which s/he escaped. The Constitution placed voting rights in the hands of the states, which generally limited voting to property-owning white males.

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The Naturalization Act reserves the right of naturalized citizenship to “free white persons.” The Act is widely used to exclude certain groups of Asian immigrants until the early 1950s.

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By 1800, the number of Indigenous peoples in North America has been reduced from an estimated 15 million to about 1 million.

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U.S. Congress banishes the importation of slaves; however, slave trade within the United States continues. In the 1820s, more than 150,000 slaves would be sold across state lines, a figure that would nearly double in the 1830s.

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Indian Removal Act forces the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes from the southeastern United States onto reservations in Oklahoma.

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Britain abolishes slavery throughout its empire, accelerating the global “coolie” trade. From 1834 to the end of the WWI, Britain would transport about 2 million Indian indentured workers to 19 colonies, including Fiji, Mauritius, Ceylon, Trinidad, Guyana, Malaysia, Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa. Conditions on the ships were similar to those of slave ships.

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The first South Asian indentured laborers arrive in British Guiana, and the British recruit Indians, especially from the Punjab, to work in Africa and the Pacific and to serve in the British Army.

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First sizeable group of Chinese contract laborers arrive in Hawai'i to work on sugar plantations. In a year of serious crop failure in southern China—and at the height of the Gold Rush—20,026 Chinese enter San Francisco. California passes a Foreign Miner’s Tax, discriminating against Chinese and Mexican miners.

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People v. Hall. The California Supreme Court ruling that Chinese and other “Mongolians” cannot testify in court against Whites.

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With the Coolie Act, the United States prohibits American participation in the “coolie” trade

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The Central Pacific Railroad begins hiring Chinese laborers.

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Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad accelerates westward expansion after the Civil War. It reduces travel time between America's east and west coasts from months to less than a week and provides a vital link for commerce while opening up vast regions of the heartland for settlement.

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The Chinese Massacre, a racially motivated riot.

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Page Law, the first federal immigration law, prevents immigrants considered “undesirable” from entering the United States, including Asian male contract laborers, Asian female prostitutes, and Asians who were convicts in their own country.

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Denis Kearney organizes an anti-Chinese movement in San Francisco and forms the Workingmen's Party of California, alleging Chinese workers took lower wages, poorer conditions, and longer hours than white workers were willing to tolerate.

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A U.S. circuit court rules in In re Ah Yup that Chinese are ineligible for naturalized citizenship.

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The Chinese Exclusion Act passes. The act is initially intended to last for 10 years but is renewed in 1892 and made permanent in 1902. It is the first law to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States.

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Rock Springs Massacre, an Anti-Chinese riot in Rock Springs, Wyoming, where white coal miners, members of the Knights of Labor, beat two Chinese miners and walk off their jobs. That evening, the white miners, armed with rifles, riot and burn down the Chinese quarter. No Whites are prosecuted for the murder of 28 Chinese people and $150,000 in property damage.

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Tape v. Hurley. The California Supreme Court rules in favor of the Chinese-American Tape family, suing the San Francisco School District for access to public schools. This leads to the opening of the city’s segregated Oriental School.

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The U.S. Supreme Court finds in the case Yick Wo v. Hopkins that an ordinance passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors discriminates against Chinese laundry owners and violates their rights under the 14th Amendment. The seminal case rules that all people—citizens and non-citizens—have equal protection under the law.

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Sugar plantations in Hawaiʻi employ large numbers of Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos, who form a majority of the population by 1898.

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United States v. Wong Kim Ark. The U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision holding that children born in the United States, even to parents not eligible to become citizens, were nonetheless citizens themselves under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

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In Oxnard, California, more than 1,200 Mexican and Japanese farm workers organize the first farm worker union, the Japanese-Mexican Labor Association (JMLA). It would become the first union to win a strike against the California agricultural industry, which had become a powerful force.

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The Japanese and Korean Exclusion League forms on the West Coast as an increasing number of Japanese and Koreans migrate from Hawai'i. San Francisco Board of Supervisors orders the segregation of all Chinese, Japanese, and Korean children into the city’s Oriental School, triggering a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan. A fire in San Francisco after an earthquake destroys city birth records, opening the way for more migration of Chinese “paper sons.”

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Pres. Theodore Roosevelt issues an executive order halting immigration from Hawai'i, Mexico, and Canada to the U.S. mainland, to reduce Japanese immigration.

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Angel Island immigration station opens in San Francisco Bay, mainly to enforce Chinese exclusion laws.

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Punjabi immigrants organize the Ghadar Party in the United States to support the liberation of their homeland from colonialism.

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California passes the Alien Land Act, banning “aliens not eligible for citizenship” from land ownership and long-term leasing. Japanese farmers are the main targets of the law.

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Among other provisions, the Immigration Act of 1917 bans immigration from the “Asiatic barred zone”—essentially all of Asia, except the Philippines.

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Armed white men deport 58 Japanese cantaloupe pickers from Turlock, California, by truck and warn them not to return. Similar events occur elsewhere in California and in parts of Oregon and Arizona.

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Ozawa v. United States. U.S. Supreme Court rules that Japanese immigrants, as non-Caucasians, are ineligible for naturalized citizenship.

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The Cable Act guarantees female citizenship only to women married to non-Asian foreigners.

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United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind. U.S. Supreme Court rules that Asian Indians, despite being able to claim Caucasian status, are not white and therefore ineligible for naturalized citizenship.

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The Johnson-Reed Act further restricts immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, severely restricts immigration of Africans, and outright bans immigration of Arabs and Asians. The U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian states that the purpose of the act was “to preserve the ideal of American homogeneity.”

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Filipino farm workers are driven out of Yakima Valley, Washington.

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The Japanese American Citizens League forms.

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The Tydings-McDuffie Act sets a timeline for Philippine independence, reclassifies Filipinos from nationals to aliens for immigration purposes, and sets an annual immigration quota from the Philippines at 50.

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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor on December 7, leading to the United States’s formal entry into World War II. Hours later, it invades the Philippines.

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On February 19, FDR signs Executive Order 9066, which authorizes the exclusion of persons from areas designated military zones on the West Coast and leads to the removal and mass incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans.

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Yasui v. United States and Hirabayashi v. United States. U.S. Supreme Court upholds that the war's curfew and removal policies are constitutional. Incarcerated Japanese Americans are subject to a “loyalty questionnaire” that divides the population and leads to the segregation of “disloyal” Japanese at Tule Lake.

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Two years after China and the United States become allies in WWII, the Magnuson Act passes, allowing Chinese immigration for the first time and granting naturalization rights to some Chinese already in the United States. This marks the first time that any Asians are permitted to become naturalized citizens.

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Korematsu v. United States.

U.S. Supreme Court upholds internment and argues that it was motivated by military necessity, not racism.

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The War Brides Act is passed, allowing for the entry of thousands of Asian women as the spouses of American soldiers. The First Indochina War begins, as France attempts to regain control of its former colony.

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The Luce-Celler Act lifts Filipino and Asian Indian exclusion by granting members of these groups naturalization rights and an annual immigration quota of 100. Filipino immigrant activist Carlos Bulosan publishes America is in the Heart. Philippine independence is established. Tule Lake, the last internment camp, closes.

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US-Nepal diplomatic relation established

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The U.S. government launches the Exchange Visitor Program (EVP) in order to draw international students and workers. Among its results is the high participation rate of Filipina nurses.

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U.S. breaks off diplomatic ties with newly formed People's Republic of China and grants refugee status to 5,000 highly educated Chinese in the U.S. after China institutes a Communist government.

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The McCarran-Walter Act lifts the ban on Korean and Japanese immigration and permits their naturalization rights.

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U.S. provides military aid to France to suppress Vietnam freedom fighters.

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End of the first Indochina War leads to deepened U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

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Start of the Vietnam War

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1950s the CIA recruits the Hmong to join the Secret War.

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1950s the CIA recruits the Hmong to join the Secret War.

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Chinese Confession Program offers limited promise of legal status to undocumented Chinese who confess their status. However, many are not eligible for relief and were deported.

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Punjabi Sikh Dalip Singh Saund, of the 29th District in Los Angeles, is the first Asian American elected to Congress.

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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional Northern European groups,

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The year the first Hmong family settled in Minnesota.

The North Vietnamese and Laos eventually emerged victorious in 1975, as part of the general communist victory in all of former French Indochina that year. A total of up to 300,000 people from Laos fled to neighboring Thailand following Laos takeover.

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May Chen, of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, leads New York Chinatown strike of 1982, one of the largest Asian-American worker strikes, with about 20,000 garment factory workers marching the streets of Lower Manhattan demanding work contracts.

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Ronald Ebens and Michael Nitz beat Chinese American Vincent Chin to death with a baseball bat in Detroit, blaming “Japs” for the loss of Detroit auto industry jobs.

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1984- My mom and grandma arrives in the United States as refugees following the Secret War.

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1984- My mom and grandma arrives in the United States as refugees following the Secret War.

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Congress approves the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), providing legalization for certain undocumented workers, including agricultural workers. The Act also creates employer sanctions, making it illegal for employers to hire undocumented workers.

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HR 442. The Civil Liberties Act of 1987 is passed and becomes law the following year. Among its provisions is restitution to survivors of Japanese-American mass incarceration during WWII.

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President George H. W. Bush signs into law an entitlement program to pay each surviving Japanese-American internee $20,000.

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California voters pass Proposition 187, denying undocumented immigrants public services like education and healthcare.

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Congress passes the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRAIRA), and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), which deeply alter the legal landscape for immigrants and refugees. Among the sweeping changes, the laws create new forms of punishment like mandatory detention; vastly expand the definition of “aggravated felony” under immigration law, making people deportable for crimes that carry sentences of one year or more; apply new criminal deportation provisions retroactively; and eliminate judicial review in criminal deportation cases. Deportation and immigration detention skyrockets.

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In a dramatic reversal of past policy, the AFL-CIO calls for an immediate amnesty for undocumented immigrants and an end to employer sanctions.

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The U.S. prison population reaches 2 million. This total represents persons held in federal and state prisons, territorial prisons, local jails, immigration facilities, military prisons, jails on Indian reservations, and juvenile facilities.

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Nepal: Nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, were killed in a mass shooting during a gathering of the royal family at the palace.

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9/11 Terrorists Attack on US soil and US Invaded Afghanistan; War on Terror begins.

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Congress passes the sweeping USA PATRIOT Act with very little debate, vastly expanding the powers of law enforcement and ushering in a new era of racial profiling, immigrant detentions, and deportations.

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The National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS) requires certain men and boys over 16 from 25 countries (all of which were predominantly Muslim countries from Asia and Africa, except North Korea) to report to immigration offices between November 2002 and April 2003 for fingerprinting, photographing, and interrogation or else face arrest, detention, or deportation. Registration would also often lead to arrest, detention, or deportation, mainly for minor immigration violations that would have been ignored otherwise. This creates a catch-22 and widespread uncertainty and fear. Although the U.S. government would declare the end of NSEERS in 2011, its effects continue, effectively making the religious, cultural, and political affiliations, and lawful activities of Muslims and those perceived to by Muslim the bases for justifying detention, deportation, and denial of immigration benefits.

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2002 Senator Mee Moua is first Hmong person to be elected to office.

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2002 Senator Mee Moua is first Hmong person to be elected to office.

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Cambodia signs a repatriation agreement with the United States, triggering a deportation crisis in Cambodian-American communities. As a result, hundreds of refugees who fled the Khmer Rouge would be deported to Cambodia.

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US Invades Iraq

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In a historical vote for the election of the constituent assembly, the Nepalese parliament voted to abolish the monarchy in June 2006. Nepal became a federal republic on 28 May 2008 and was formally renamed the 'Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal' ending the 200-year-old reign of the Shah monarchs.

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My Karen friends move to America from a refugee camp from Myanmar and join my school, where I got learn more about the ethnicity, Karen.

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Nepal becomes a republic, after the civil war.

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Arizona passes SB1070, requiring police to determine the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained when there is “reasonable suspicion” that they are undocumented. The law targets Latinos and leads to widespread racial profiling and copycat measures in several states.

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The Occupy Movement begins in New York City's Zuccotti Park, with other Occupy protests taking place in over 951 cities across 82 countries, and over 600 communities in the United States. Protests decry the effects of globalization and neoliberalism, particularly steepening inequality, with the slogan, “We are the 99%!”

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Oak Creek Massacre. 40-year-old Wade Michael Page, a white supremacist and U.S. Army veteran, fatally shoots six people and wounds four others at the Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, before shooting himself in the head.

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George Zimmerman fatally shoots Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old black high school student. Zimmerman, a 28-year-old mixed-race Hispanic man, is the neighborhood watch coordinator for the gated community where Martin was temporarily living and where the shooting took place.

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May 14 is recognized as Hmong American Day in Minnesota signed by Governor Mark Dayton. My first time celebrating this day was in 2018 with my school.

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The Association of Asian American Studies becomes the first U.S. academic association to endorse the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions campaign. The resolution states: “Whereas the Association for Asian American Studies seeks to advance a critique of U.S. empire, opposing U.S. military occupation in the Arab world and U.S. support for occupation and racist practices by the Israeli state… Be it resolved that the Association for Asian American Studies endorses and will honor the call of Palestinian civil society for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions.”

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The Black Lives Matter movement, initiated by 3 black women organizers, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi, takes hold, fueled by the 2013 acquittal of George Zimmerman for the killing of Trayvon Martin, the killing of Eric Garner by NYPD officers, and the killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri.

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After a devastating earthquake, the US designates Temporary Protective Status to Nepal, allowing Nepalese in the United States to live and work legally in the US until Nepal could recover economically to sustain its citizens returning home

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The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe sues the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers over plans to approve the Dakota Access Pipeline route under the Missouri River, alleging that the Corps failed to adequately consult tribe members before approval, and violated the National Historic Preservation Act by authorizing construction that would threaten culturally sacred sites. This kicks off a yearlong encampment of demonstrators known as Water Protectors at the Sacred Stone Camp on the Standing Rock Reservation, who suffer numerous violent clashes and severe injuries by the National Guard, the Morton County Sheriff, and private security guards hired by Energy Transfer Partners, the pipeline company. Thousands of people, representing hundreds of tribes and First Nations, join the camp from all over the world to stand in solidarity. The camp would be forcibly evacuated in February 2017.

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Donald Trump becomes the 45th president of the United States, winning the Electoral College but losing the popular vote to democrat Hillary Clinton by a margin of nearly 2.9 million.

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Donald Trump ends TPS designation to Nepal and several other countries

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The US agrees to invest $500 million through the Millennium Challenge Corporation  (MCC)
to build infrastructure in Nepal

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In January President Trump issues Executive Order 13769, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, commonly known as the Muslim ban. It prohibits entry for 90 days by citizens from Iraq, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen.