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Jarell

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Jarell

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Jarell

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Preparing GIS data in ArcMap for use in AutoCAD Step). Find GIS data
Use this guide or help from gisdata@uwm.edu to find GIS data that will suit your project.

The data will probably be in shapefile (.shp) format. Shapefiles actually consist of multiple files, as pictured below. This image depicts one contour shapefile for the city of Milwaukee.

ArcMap is available on all of the computers in the Learning Commons in the Golda Meir Library, and in the following computer labs:
Computer Labs with ArcMap

You can also request a free student license from your instructor. For help obtaining a student license, email us at gisdata@uwm.edu.

Once you have access to ArcMap, open the program.

<------- arcMap icon

You should see something like this:

You can click out of the Getting Started window, or choose a blank map.

In the menu on the top, click the "Add Data Button"

Navigate to the correct folder where your shapefile is saved.

You should see all of the shapefile files appear as one. Double-click that file to add it to the map. You should see your data appear now.

How to Clip Data to an Area of Interest

A big consideration when exporting data for AutoCAD are size limitations. ArcMap does not like to convert large amounts of GIS data to .dwg format. The smaller the area of your focus, the less likely you are to run into trouble converting your data.

This guide will show you how to use the ArcGIS Editor tool bar to quickly create a new layer with an extent of your choice, and then use this layer to clip any vector data you are interested in working with.

Let's get started.

Below, please find the "before stage". This is an unclipped elevation data layer that we will use to demonstrate how to clip any vector data layer to a specific area:

Step). Add a basemap

After loading your data in to ArcMap, adding a basemap will allow you to more easily identify what area of the map you are looking at.

1). Next to the Add Data button, there is a small dropdown arrow. Click this arrow.

3). You will be able to choose from various basemap style options. Typically, "Streets" is a good one to choose for quick reference.

4). Click "Add" to add your basemap.

Now you can see which area is covered by your contour lines.

Step). Create Clipping Layer

In order to clip your gis data, you will have to create a clipping layer the size of the area you are interested in, to clip the data layer with.

To do this, you will need the editor toolbar.

1). Access this toolbar by clicking Customize > Toolbars > Editor

You will also need to know the projection of the GIS data you wish to clip.

2). To find this, right-click the shapefile in the table of contents, and select properties.

3). Under the "Source" tab, take note of the coordinate system.

Now that you know the projection of your GIS data, you can create your clipping layer.

4). In your catalog tree (on the right), right-click the folder that your data layer is in, and select New > Shapefile

5). Name your file "clipping," make the feature-type "polygon," and give it the same coordinate system as your GIS data.

6). Add new shapefile to map by dragging it from the tree into the map. You will see it appear in your table of contents, but will not see a visual change in the map, because it does not have any geography yet.

7). On the editor toolbar, choose "Start Editing"

8). In that same drop-down, now select Editing Windows > Create Features

9). Select your clipping layer and choose rectangle under Construction Tools.

10). Create a rectangle around the GIS data you would like to keep. Double click when you are done to finalize your shape.

11). Click Editor > Stop Editing, and save your edits, using the editor drop-down button.

Now we are ready to clip.

Step). Clip the data

1). Select Geoprocessing > Clip

2). Populate the clip tool with the following preferences:

Use your gis data as the input feature.

Use your new rectangle as your clip feature.

Save to a place you can easily access it.

3). Click "OK" to run the tool.

Now you have GIS data for just the area you are focused on.

The final step is to export the gis data into a format that works with AutoCAD.

1). Right click on the new clipped data layer in the table of contents and select Data > Export Data > Export to CAD.

2). Make sure the correct data layer is selected as the input feature, and save the file in a place that makes sense. Select "OK"

You should now have a .DWG file that will work with AutoCAD software.

If you have any questions, please email us at gisdata@uwm.edu, or fill out the AGSL Data Request Form.

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UWM Libraries Research and Course Guides: Finding and Using GIS Data: Topography CAD

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Preparing GIS data in ArcMap for use in AutoCAD Step). Find GIS data Use this guide or help from gisdata@uwm.edu to find GIS data that will suit your project. The data will probably be in shapefile (.shp) format. Shapefiles actually consist of multiple files, as pictured below.

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A site plan is a large scale drawing that shows the full extent of the site for an existing or proposed development. Site plans, along with location plans, may be necessary for planning applications. In most cases, site plans will be drawn up following a series of desk studies and site investigations.

Typically, depending on the size of the project, site plans are likely to be at a scale of 1 : 500 or 1 : 200. However, for very small projects, larger scales may be used, and for large projects smaller scales, or even several drawings, perhaps pulled together on one very small scale plan.

The information shown on a site plan will vary depending on the size and nature of the project, however, certain information is likely to appear on most site plans:

Title block, giving the project name, drawing type, author, revision number, status, the scale used, and so on.

Notes highlighting changes from previous revisions.

Directional orientation. This could be a compass or a north-pointing arrow.

Key dimensions.

Key materials.

Site boundaries and delineation of adjacent properties, including where necessary, adjoining or adjacent structures, and surrounding streets.

The location of the building or buildings in relation to their surroundings.

Trees, tree protection orders, and the main elements of the landscape.

Parking areas with dimensions or capacities, traffic flows, and signage.

Roads, footpaths, ramps, paved areas, and so on.

Easements such as right-of-ways, right of support, and so on.

Site plans might also include information about:

Buildings to be demolished or removed.

The general extent of earthworks, included, cutting and filling, the provision of retaining walls, and so on.

The general layout of external services, including drainage, water, gas, electricity, telephone, manhole covers, and so on.

The layout of external lighting.

Fencing, walls and gates.

The location of miscellaneous external components such as; bollards, fire hydrants, signage, litter bins, and so on.

Where the site is complex, some of this information might be shown on additional specialist site plans, such as; structural site plans, site history, site lines, services site plans, landscape drawings, access and traffic flows, ground conditions and geology, and so on. Site plans may be accompanied by site sections, showing the topography of the site.

With the adoption of building information modelling ( BIM), site plans are likely to form an integral part of the project information model and may be prepared in 3D, perhaps based on a point cloud survey or as light detection and ranging ( LIDAR, a combination of the words ' light ' and 'radar').

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Site plan - Designing Buildings Wiki - Share your construction industry knowledge. A site plan is a large scale drawing that shows the full extent of the site for an existing or proposed development. Site plans, along with location plans, may be necessary for planning applications.

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Tank Depot is proud to offer Ace, Norwesco, Snyder Industries brand Septic Tanks. The world's leading manufacturer of polyethylene tanks, Norwesco has been producing polyethylene septic tanks since 1980. With that kind of experience, Norwesco offers you proven products that you can count on for years of dependable, trouble-free service. Norwesco septic tanks are backed by a full three-year warranty and have been approved by state and local health departments from coast to coast. Where applicable, Norweco septic tanks have been approved by both IAPMO and CSA.
NORWESCO BELOW GROUND TANKS - Conversion Option & Information Selecting an installation site for your Plastic Septic Tank
Please consider the following features when you are looking to purchase a septic tank and you'll find that Norwesco tanks will exceed your expectations when it comes to performance and longevity.

Accessories Available
Manhole extensions and lid-riser combinations are available to bring tank access to grade and to meet code specifications.

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Tank Depot is proud to offer Ace, Norwesco, Snyder Industries brand Septic Tanks. The world's leading manufacturer of polyethylene tanks, Norwesco has been producing polyethylene septic tanks since 1980. With that kind of experience, Norwesco offers you proven products that you can count on for years of dependable, trouble-free service.

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Rahjher

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I have a CAD file which was a GIS topography file which I converted to CAD, I open in Rhino, But can not seem to create a topographic surface. I tried

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Rahjher

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Why is it important in comparing septic systems vs sewer systems? Household drainage systems manage the wastewater and sewage from our homes. They filter pathogens and bacteria from grey water (which comes out of sink and shower drains), and black water (which is the water that you flush) - and make it possible for us to take showers, do laundry, wash our dishes, and flush toilets.

There are two types of systems: SEWER and SEPTIC

Below are some pros & cons - and basic facts - to help explain the differences between the two.

SEWER: A sewer system connects entire communities to a central treatment plant via underground pipes, and uses chemicals and energy to pump and treat the water.

Sewer systems are maintained by local government, so residents don't have to handle the maintenance, but they do have to pay the bills.

The resale value on homes connected to sewer lines is often higher, as many homeowners prefer them over septic.

Many homeowners consider a sewer system to be cheaper, and require less maintenance, than a septic system.

There are some concerns regarding the stability of sewage treatment plants, which can overflow in times of heavy rainfall, or usage, and have an impact on rivers and waterways.

Sewers can get clogged, which may cause sewage to plug up toilets, sinks, and bathtubs.

SEPTIC SYSTEM: Septic tanks are an environmentally friendly alternative to sewer systems. As the public has become more aware of the need to protect the environment, properties with septic tanks are growing in popularity with eco-minded homebuyers.

A septic tank system is a concrete or steel tank that's installed underground outside of a property. Wastewater goes in one side and filters out the other side into a drain field. Septic systems pump and treat water without energy or chemicals, and used water is returned to the aquifer.

For a home in a remote area, connecting to a sewer system would be costly, and can only be done if there are existing sewage lines nearby - which makes septic a great option.

Septic systems only need minor upkeep to work perfectly.

Maintaining a septic system is the responsibility of the homeowner, but a septic tank should require little upkeep as long as the tank is pumped and maintained at recommended intervals.

Residents need to be careful about what they flush or wash down the drain to prevent clogging.

Systems with steel tanks can last for 15-20 years, and concrete tanks can last up to 40 years.

A septic system can be installed almost anywhere with healthy soil.

COMPARING THE COST: The cost of septic system maintenance is often discussed, but municipal sewer systems can also have significant expenses.

SEWER: Homeowners are charged for the initial installation on sewage systems, then they pay for their monthly usage, as well as for any repairs or improvements to the system.

SEPTIC: The cost of having a septic system is only for the pumping, which needs to be done every 3-5 years. It usually costs a few hundred dollars, and if maintained properly, some tanks can go 10 years (or more) between pumps.

Hopefully you can see the importance of comparing septic systems vs sewer systems. If you're in need of maintenance or pumping on your septic system, contact us to learn more about our services or to schedule an appointment.

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Comparing Septic Systems vs Sewer * Martin Septic Service

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Why is it important in comparing septic systems vs sewer systems? Household drainage systems manage the wastewater and sewage from our homes. They filter pathogens and bacteria from grey water (which comes out of sink and shower drains), and black water (which is the water that you flush) - and make it possible for us to take showers, do laundry, wash our dishes, and flush toilets.

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archisoup | Architecture Guides & Resources

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Architectural scale, a fundamental concept in the design and perception of buildings and spaces, serves as an essential bridge between abstract ideas and tangible realities.

It is a tool that we as architects and designers use to relate the human body to the space it inhabits, ensuring that environments are both functional and harmonious.

This concept transcends mere physical measurements; it embodies the relationship between a space and its users, influencing how buildings are perceived, experienced, and understood.

The significance of architectural scale extends beyond the technical aspects of construction, and encapsulates a broader dialogue between architecture and its sociocultural context, reflecting and shaping the way people interact with their environment.

By considering scale, we can create spaces that are more than just habitable; they can make them resonate with human presence, enhance user experience, and integrate seamlessly into their surroundings.

This article aims to explore the multifaceted role of architectural scale in architecture, from its theoretical underpinnings to its practical applications in design and construction.

Understanding Architectural Scale

Architectural drawing scales and scaled drawings can be a difficult subject to understand, especially for new students (and even clients) that have not experienced them or had the need to use them before.

Scale is important because it enables us to recognize the relationship between a drawing or physical model and the reality of its real world size.

For this reason learning how to read and use drawing scales (whether digital or analog) forms a fundamental and core skill that every architecture student must adopt at the very early stages of their architectural education (if not before).

...As due to the general size of architecture projects, it is only on very rare occasions that an architectural drawing is not shown and drawn in an architectural scale.

Types of Architectural Scale

Architectural scale operates at multiple levels, each playing a crucial role in shaping our built environment.

Understanding these scales is essential for architects and designers, as it helps them create spaces that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and harmonious with their context.

This section explores the four primary types of architectural scale: human scale, building scale, urban scale, and detail scale.

Human Scale

Human scale refers to the design of spaces and buildings that are proportionate to human dimensions and sensory experiences. It emphasizes the relationship between the physical size of architectural elements and the human body, aiming to make spaces feel accessible, comfortable, and engaging.

Designing at the human scale involves considering ergonomics, visual proportions, and tactile qualities, ensuring that spaces are intuitively navigable and cater to the needs and comforts of their users. This scale is fundamental in creating a sense of belonging and connection for individuals within a space.

Building Scale

Building scale focuses on the size and proportion of a building in relation to its immediate environment and the human figure. It involves the thoughtful consideration of a building's height, width, and depth, ensuring that it fits seamlessly within its context, whether it be a bustling city center or a tranquil suburban landscape.

Architects must balance the building's visual impact with its functionality and sustainability, creating structures that not only serve their intended purpose but also contribute positively to their surroundings. The building scale plays a pivotal role in defining the character and skyline of neighborhoods and cities.

Urban Scale

Urban scale addresses the relationship between buildings, public spaces, and the broader urban or city context. It involves planning and designing the layout of cities, neighborhoods, and public spaces to foster community, facilitate movement, and enhance the quality of urban life.

Considerations at the urban scale include connectivity, accessibility, and the integration of green spaces, all of which contribute to the health, well-being, and sustainability of urban environments. Designing at the urban scale requires a holistic approach, considering not only the physical layout but also the social and economic dynamics of the city.

Detail Scale

Detail scale concerns the design of individual components and elements within a building, such as windows, doors, and fixtures. It focuses on the finer aspects of architecture, where the choice of materials, textures, and finishes plays a significant role in the overall experience of a space.

Attention to detail can enhance the functionality, durability, and aesthetics of a building, creating a deeper sense of place and quality. This scale requires a meticulous approach, as the details are often what people interact with directly and remember most vividly.

Drawing scale

In short, a drawing scale allows real objects and/or subjects to be accurately represented at fixed reduced and enlarged sizes, which can then be measured via a scale rule to determine their real world size.

Scale drawings

Scale drawings are defined as a document that contains and represents a scaled object and/or subject.

It can be produced on any paper format and size, with the scale clearly annotated and often accompanied by a scale bar.

The architects scale

As architects and architectural students, whether you work with metric of imperial units, there are set scales that are used to produce scale drawings, and these are:

Architectural scales metric

Architectural scales imperial

It's very unusual for a scaled drawing to deviate away from using one of these set scales, and as architecture students you should always aim use these standards.

Custom scales tend to show inexperience, and must be accompanied by a scale bar, which is both unsightly and adds an unnecessary layer of complication to presentation drawings.

We discuss how to choose a scale further on in this article...

Each type of architectural scale offers a different lens through which to view and design the built environment, from the intimate details that make a space feel uniquely tailored to its inhabitants, to the grand urban schemes that shape the cities of tomorrow.

By carefully considering each scale, architects can create more thoughtful, responsive, and sustainable designs that enhance human experience and foster a deeper connection between individuals and their environments.

How to read scale drawings

You may have heard the common term 'to scale', which for those that don't know simply means that every component within a drawing or physical model is in the same proportion to one another, and is represented by one of the above common scales.

When reading a scaled drawing, the scale is shown as the length in the drawing, then a colon (":"), and then the matching length on the real object.

For example, a floor plan of a building drawn using a metric scale of 1:100 (pronounced "one to a one hundred"), means that for each unit that is measured on the drawing (the 1), the real world size of it is 100 times larger (the 100) than it appears.

So if a measurement taken from the drawing is 10mm, then at real world scale would be 1000mm when built.

With this in mind, a 1:1 ("one to one") scale is the real world scale of everything, and the scale that we draw and 3D model in when using CAD and 3D programs (...more on this below). Anything can be scaled correctly however through using the CAD scale factors discussed here.

The below and slightly cheesy video further demonstrates how to read an imperial scale:

Producing a scaled drawing

As mentioned above, scale is used in architecture as a tool to represent large objects at a smaller size in order to allow them to be read with ease on a standard sized sheet of paper.

When producing these drawings by hand, the scale of floor plan or elevation for example must be chosen and drawn in that scale.

However today, most if not all drawings are produced via CAD and 3D programs and always drawn at a real world size (known as 1:1), meaning that in your chosen CAD program 1000mm will equal 1000mm, or 1ft will equal 1ft when measured. You draw it as if you were building it.

The reason for this is so that when it comes to printing/plotting your drawings, you can choose the scale you want to suit the type and size of the drawing you want to produce.

This means that the same floor plan could you shown at 1:100 for say a presentation, and then parts of it could be shown at 1:10 to show the detail and make-up of the wall construction.

Choosing a scale

The chose of scale is determined by the type of drawing, the size of the subject and the size of paper or document that you wish to present it on.

For example a construction detail of a wall junction needs to be a much larger scale than a general section of the whole building. The wall detail might have a scale of 1:10 or 1:5, whereas the general section is likely to be 1:50 (in metric units)

This is firstly because as they are communicating different aspects and situations of the building; the detail needs to show only one small part of the building, but in a great amount of detail.

..And the section needs to show the general arrangement of whole building, which requires a much larger part of the building but in much less detail.

If they both had the same scales then one would either be too small of too large, when presented on a sheet.

Types of metric and imperial scale drawings

As mentioned above, the type of scale you choose is dependent of the type of drawing you wish to produce.

The below list provides a guide for the metric and imperial scales that we suggest are used for the most common architectural drawings:

Standard scales for architectural drawings

1:5000 - Location plan

1:1000 (1"=80'0") - Location Plan

1:500 (1"=40'0") - Site plan

1:250 (1"=20'0") - Site plan (note that 1:250 is not a common metric scale)

1:200 (1/16"=1'0") - Site plan

1:100 (1/8"=1'0") - Floor plans, elevations and sections

1:50 (1/4"=1'0") - Floor plans, elevations and sections

1:25 (3/4"=1'0") - Room plans, interior elevations (note that 1:25 is not a common metric scale)

1:20 (3/4"=1'0") - Room plans, interior elevations

1:10 (1 1/2"=1'0") - Joinery, component details, construction details

1:5 (3"= 1'0") - Construction details

1:2 (Half size) - Construction details

1:1 (Full size) - Construction details

Working out a scale

When wanting to work out the scale of a drawing, there should be a clear indication of it either next to the drawing, in the drawings title block or on a scale bar.

Failing that and if the drawing has dimensions, then a scale rule can be used with a little trial and error to find the correct scale.

Measuring scale - The architects scale ruler

The most common method of measuring a scaled drawing is via a scale rule, and we have a list of our favorite and most versatile rules here.

Initially, how to use a scale rule to measure drawings may seem overwhelming, and it's also very likely that you will require more than one rule, as different rules have different scales.

That aside and once you have identified that you have the right scale rule and scale units, then measuring a drawing is no different to measuring and using a standard ruler. Simply take the measurement and record it.

Our favorite imperial scale rule is the 12″ Black Aluminum Triangular Scale Rule by Alvin, it provides scales in 3/32 3/16 3/4 3/8 3 1 1/2 1/8 1/4 1/2 1 inch, and due to its aluminum construction is has a very nice sturdy and substantial feel to it when compared to other plastic versions.

For metric scale rules, we highly recommend the Bocianelli range of Triangular Scale Rules, which similar to the above, are also an aluminum construction and last forever!

Scale bars

A second and slightly less precise method of measuring a drawing is via a scale bar (examples below). These effectively represent a printed scale rule, and therefore their measurement can be taken and translated to just about any measuring device that might be to hand.

...even a plain piece of paper can be transformed into a rule by marking on the scale bars units and moving the edge of the paper around the drawing to take measurements.

Architectural scale checklist

Have you chosen the right scales for the right drawings?

There is no one size fits all, and you should communicate your project with a range of scales.

Can you read between drawings and their scales easily? Some drawing such as plans and elevations may read better if they are same scale and presented next to each other.

As mentioned above, architects and designers use 'common' scales, and you should not deviate away from these. Use the drawing and scale guide above

Are your drawings clearing labelled with the correct scale? Do you need a scale bar?

Does the detail within your scaled drawing justify the scale it is shown in? Should you reduce or increase the scale, or add more detail to the drawing as a whole?

Your chosen scale should be within proportion to your paper size.

Working out and measuring scale is easy with a scale rule

Populate your drawing with people, trees, furniture and vehicles to further provide scale and spatial awareness.

CAD programs scale and show how your drawings will fit on your chosen paper size ...let the computer do the hard work.

When using CAD and 3D software, always draw and model in 1:1.

When printing/plotting your work, do not select "scale to fit".

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Understanding Architectural Scale - archisoup | Architecture Tools & Resources

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This article aims to explore the multifaceted role of architectural scale in architecture, from its theoretical underpinnings to its practical applications

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Jaienn

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In a professional architecture scenario, many times a civil engineer will submit site drawings that will contain accurate site contour information. Wouldn't it be helpful to be able to use these pre-made topography maps for your site work within your SketchUP model? Well guess what, it is, but a few steps are required to guarantee that you will be able to successfully import a site contour map.

1. Analyze the the file you are trying to import. Many times a civil site plan will include a lot of data that is not necessary for your SketchUp model (sewer lines, drains, utilities, etc...) Remove all data points that are not required for your model. This will reduce the file size and allow the import to go quickly and smoothly. Does your DWG look like this?
TIPS:
- Verify contours contain elevation data. Select a "Contour Line" and check its "Properties"(right click and select "Properties"), it should contain an elevation value, if not you can add it in this window

- Remove any text. Any text that remains within the drawing can interfere with the "From Contours" tool within SketchUp (See Figure A)

- Focus on your one particular site, this map contains over 20 different development lots, we want to focus on just one. "Box" in your particular site and "Trim" any lines that extend beyond your desired working lot. (See Figure B)

- Purge all unused layers and blocks

- Save the file to a earlier version of AutoCAD: 2007 or Earlier
Figure B
2. Import the file into SketchUp. Go to File then Import:
TIPS: Imported DWG in "Side" View Imported DWG in "Plan" View
Choose the DWG that you want to import and hit Open

- You will notice that this particular file has two main pieces of information(See Side View above). The top group is the contours themselves and below are the "Street and Sidewalk" layout from the original file. Most Civil drawings will contain this data, they are separated because the Contours have elevation data attached and the "Streets" are usually placed at zero. We can use this data later to "drape" the streets over the contours once the contour "mesh" has been created (Drape Tutorial to Come)
Contours with many "Points"
- Group the "Contours" and the "Street" layout separately so you have two separate groups of data.

3. Prepare the imported contours to be "Meshed", This step is optional but it does save time and a possible frozen computer ( I suppose a good computer can fix that too)
TIPS: Highlighted Contours with "Simplify Contours" running
Right Click on the "Contour" group and select Edit Group, you will notice that the "Contours" contain a lot of points, which will take SketchUp a large amount of time to process and "Mesh"
Contours after being "Simplified"
Download the free "Simplify Contours" ruby script from Google at http://sketchup.google.com/intl/en/download/rubyscripts.html and follow the directions to install to your copy of SketchUp Pro

Use this free script to "simplify" the contours, the script basically reduces the amount of points that the contours contain and turns them into "curves" and "lines" that are native to SketchUp

Highlight the Contours and go to PlugIns then choose Simplify Contours
TIPS: Topography after using From Contours Sandbox tool Completed "From Contours" Mesh
- The "Simplify Angle" box that appears when running the "Simplify Contours" ruby script will simplify the curves relative to the angle selected. The default is set at "10" and usually does the trick. A larger number will flatten the curve and sharpen the edges and reduce the amount of detail a "mesh" will contain, while a lower number will contain more detailed information.

- Don't worry about Gaps between the contours, SketchUp can handle these and connect them appropriately

Use the From Contours to create a "Mesh" from the imported Contours.

* First right click on the contour group and selct Edit Group.

* Select all of the contours

* Go to Draw then Sandbox then choose From Contours

- After the "Mesh" is created it will sit on top of the contours that you used to create them, however the "Mesh" will be in its own group withing the Contour Group. You will want to cut the "Mesh" from the contour group, close the contour group, and Paste outside of the contour group

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Importing AutoCAD Civil Topography DWGs into SketchUp Pro Tutorial - SketchUp Tutorials

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In a professional architecture scenario, many times a civil engineer will submit site drawings that will contain accurate site contour information. Wouldn't it be helpful to be able to use these pre-made topography maps for your site work within your SketchUP model?

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Jaienn

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In addition to the floor plan there are other types of scale drawing. These are site plans, Elevations, Cross Sections, Isometric and Axonometric drawings. At this level of study however we only need to concern ourselves with the elevation drawings (cross sectional drawings).
Elevation drawings are scaled flat representations and are usually employed to show details.

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In addition to the floor plan there are other types of scale drawing. These are site plans, Elevations, Cross Sections, Isometric and Axonometric drawings. At this level of study however we only need to concern ourselves with the elevation drawings (cross sectional drawings).Elevation drawings are scaled flat representations and are usually employed to show details.

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Jaienn

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Table of Contents

1. Sewer or Septic System: Myths and Facts

2. Septic vs Sewer System: The Biggest Differences Between the Two

3. The Choice: Septic or Sewer System

4. When Septic Systems are Poorly Maintained

Drainage systems make wastewater disappear whenever toilets are flushed or hands are washed in buildings and residential properties. But for all the functions that drainage helps make possible-dishes, laundry, showers-few people stop and think about the mechanisms that go into the process. The whole thing basically comes down to two types of systems: sewer and septic.

Sewer systems are more common because they're funded and maintained by local governments. Septic systems, however, are becoming more popular as an affordable, environmentally sound alternative that give homeowners full control over their drainage. The following article examines the facts, pros, and cons of the whole septic vs sewer system debate.

Sewer or Septic System: Myths and Facts

When it comes to the sewer vs. septic system debate, a lot of half-truths and outright inaccuracies persist in the minds of many homeowners. Sewers, on one hand, are generally viewed as the cheaper, easier option because there's no maintenance involved. All you need to do is wash something down a drain or flush it down a toilet and it's gone forever.

While septic systems are sometimes viewed as the more eco-friendly option, many people are apprehensive about the costs and maintenance involved. As a result, homeowners often perceive more resale value in houses linked to sewer lines over those equipped with septic systems. But does the latter really cost more and require frequent maintenance? Read on to learn the benefits of sewer vs septic systems.

Similarities Between Sewer and Septic Systems

In many ways, sewers and septic systems offer the same benefits. Both systems filter out black water - the water you flush - and grey water, which comes out of sink and shower drains. In terms of sanitation, both systems filter bacteria and pathogens from water before it flows back out into the environment. Basically, the two systems both offer reliable drainage of wastewater from houses and buildings with minimal problems the majority of the time.

Both systems, however, can also have their drawbacks. A sewer system connects whole communities to one centralized drain field. Consequently, sewers can sometimes get clogged with grease, hair, and hard elements, all of which can cause sewage to plug up sinks, toilets, and bathtubs. Since sewage systems are paid for and maintained by local governments, residents don't have to handle the maintenance and labor, but they do have to foot the fees.

Septic systems, by contrast, are generally the responsibility of private homeowners. A septic tank should perform without a hitch over expected time spans, providing the tank is pumped and maintained at recommended intervals. If a tank does malfunction, it's likely due to negligence on the part of the homeowner, and therefore it's his or her responsibility to call out a service crew and pay for the needed repairs.
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How Do Septic Systems Work?

A septic system is a steel or concrete tank that's situated under the soil near a commercial or residential property. Wastewater goes in on one side and filters out through the other to a drain field. Most tanks are capable of holding 1,000 gallons of water. Inside the tank, the water splits into three layers. Everything that floats rises to the top, which is known as the scum layer. All the heavy material sinks to the bottom, which is known as the sludge layer. Between the two is a layer of clear water, which contains fertilizing chemicals like phosphorus and nitrogen.

Wastewater is led into the tank through a series of pipes that connect to the toilets, bathtubs, sinks, and laundry machines in a given house or building. As scum is rinsed out of the wastewater, the tank produces rancid gases which are filtered through vent pipes that funnel out of rooftops. With each influx of wastewater, the tank empties earlier loads through distribution boxes that lead to drain fields.

Septic Tank vs Sewer Cost

While the considerable costs of septic system repairs are often discussed, what isn't as well known is the fact that municipal sewer systems can also come with some hefty costs. For starters, homeowners can be charged pricey fees for installation and repairs on newer sewage systems. Many communities even impose what are known as Sewer Betterment fees, which can rise into the five figures. As revealed by Hopkinton Mass.-based realtor Bill Gassett, the recent Betterment fee in his town was $16,000.

Debates have been waged between municipal boards regarding the best possible ways to handle sewer development costs, which are known to rise as new pumping stations are constructed. Certain municipalities have even gone so far as to impose liens on homes that haven't paid their fees. Houses everywhere could be subject to such costs, but properties situated in sparsely populated areas stand to pay the highest fees, due to the small number of taxpayers who reside in such areas to share the costs. Even if the pipes and pumps are already in place, there are still fees involved in linking a house to a nearby system, the costs of which can rack up into the thousands on top of maintenance and usage fees.

Sewer fees differ from city to city, but specific localized rates per household include the following:

Boston, Mass. - $832

Chandler, Ariz. - $612

Danvers, Mass. - $680

Lemoyne, Pa. - $651

On the other hand, the cost of having a septic tank is merely down to pumping, which only needs to be done every 3-5 years and generally falls within a price-range $200 to $300. With proper maintenance, some tanks can go for a decade or more between pumps.

Another issue that factors into the pricing comparison is the business surrounding sewage systems, which have become subject to an ever-growing set of complex, costly improvements. Septic systems, by contrast, only need minor touchups to work perfectly over lengthy spans of time. On average, a septic system for a standard-sized household on even land and healthy soil will run anywhere from $3,500 to $6,000. Depending on the type of tank, septic systems generally last for the following lengths of time:

Steel tanks - 15-20 years

Concrete tanks - 40 years

With proper maintenance, septic drain fields typically last 20 years, though some could possibly last for half a century.

Benefits of Septic vs Sewer

As the public becomes better informed about the needs of the environment, septic tanks are becoming a selling point for properties in the minds of younger homebuyers. The reason for this shift in opinion is that septic tanks are reputed to be the green-friendly alternative to old fashioned sewer systems.

With sewer systems, energy and chemicals are needed to pump and treat the water. Concerns have developed over the impact this could have on rivers as the bacteria of sewage stream outward. There are also issues involving the stability of treatment plants, which can overflow in times of intense downpour or overuse.

None of those problems are an issue with septic systems, which pump and treat water without the need for energy or chemicals. Used water is returned to the aquifer, which never overflows if properly maintained. Since such systems are evenly distributed, there's no single point at which treated outflows are run from large communities of houses and buildings. Wastewater, by contrast, is carried away in small, even amounts. In many communities, particularly those that are modestly populated, septic systems are the cost-efficient answer for sanitation and water quality concerns.

Septic vs Sewer System: The Biggest Differences Between the Two

Perhaps the most liberating aspect of owning a septic system is the ability to set one up virtually anywhere with healthy soil. For a new house in a remote area, connecting to a sewer system is usually costly and difficult. In some cases, it's even impossible due to the lack of nearby sewage lines. For those situations in particular, septic systems are a viable, cost-effective alternative. Furthermore, septic systems don't come with the municipal obligations of sewage lines, so there's no need to worry about pipes, pumping stations, replacements, or infrastructural renovation costs.

Nonetheless, sewer systems do have the power to handle large amounts of wastewater from the collective addresses of cities, towns, and suburbs. Due to the marketability of houses on sewer lines, many homeowners still prefer such properties. Sewer lines are also built to accommodate the largest possible amounts of water; as such, they can take on storms and periods of heavy downpour. Since the management of sewer lines fall on local governments, people often assume that such systems will be better managed in the most well-financed and capable of hands. Furthermore, the thought of having wastewater conveniently sent to one big treatment center is an attractive prospect to any homeowner who has endured a septic system backup.

Given these differences, the preference between one system or the other could largely be based on one's independent mindedness as a homeowner. If you don't mind the municipal obligations that can factor into your dependence on a centralized sewer system, then that might be the adequate option, especially if you're likely to change addresses every few years or less. But if you want independence as a homeowner and are looking to choose a remote or custom-built residence and have personal responsibility for the running of your wastewater, then a septic system would be the more ideal option.

The Choice: Septic or Sewer System

Whenever it comes to existing properties, the choice between a sewer or septic system is usually not even on the table. But if you move into a septic-based community where all the neighbors are lobbying to have a sewer line, the choice would likely be yours to either opt in or stick with a septic tank.

If you're having a home custom built on some remote hill, deep forest, or sparse rural environment, a septic system will likely be your only choice. Within this context, a septic system would be the more suitable option anyway. After all, the independence and responsibility of maintaining such a system would go hand-in-hand with the will to live in a remote, custom-built property. For instance, if you were to buy a few acres of land out in some deep, green, spacious forest area, and then you built a house yourself on that land and proceeded to own it free and clear, owning your own drainage system, independent of local government, would complete the picture.

When Septic Systems are Poorly Maintained

Problems with septic systems usually come down to the negligence of property owners. When a tank isn't adequately maintained, the outflow can be detrimental to lake water purity and hazardous to the surrounding environment. For example, if wastewater isn't sufficiently treated, it can spread contamination to other water and cause human health threats. As stated by the University of Minnesota Extension (UMNE) in its Septic System Owner's Guide, the way to "guarantee effective treatment is to have a trained professional ensure [that] adequate, unsaturated, and suitable soil exists below the soil treatment area to allow for complete wastewater treatment."

UMNE has also linked contaminated sewage to the appearance of hepatitis and dysentery pathogens in tap water. Contaminants, for instance, can infect drinking water with higher levels of nitrate, which can take its toll on people with weak immune systems, as well as toddlers and pregnant women. Increased nitrates are even damaging to the air and water quality of surrounding ecosystems, thereby devastating the flora and fauna of a given area. Furthermore, bugs and rodents that fester in areas with sewage-contaminated wetlands can spread diseases to people, pets, and livestock. With all these things taken into consideration, it's crucial to keep your septic system well maintained throughout the time that you own and reside at a given property. To prevent the sludge layer from rising too high, the system should be cleaned and inspected at least every few years.

Of course, maintenance and pumping of the tank itself is merely half of what it takes to responsibly run a drainage system; a lot of it also comes down to how you treat the pipes that lead to the tank. In order to prevent the pipes from clogging, don't allow grease, hair, or hard particles to slip down your sink or shower drains. Furthermore, don't plant trees or other heavily rooted plants either on or near the area of soil in which the system lies, because roots and bulbs can grow stronger as time passes and ultimately damage drainage pipes. After all, the purpose of having a septic tank is to enjoy good, clean, affordable, eco-friendly drainage for the full span of your time on a given property. When you do decide to sell, a perfectly operating septic system could also add value to your property.

If you're in need of maintenance or pumping on your septic system, contact Mr. Rooter Plumbing of Syracuse. We provide plumbing repair, drain cleaning, maintenance, and installation of septic systems in the Greater Syracuse area. Call us today to learn more about our services or to schedule an appointment. We'll send a licensed plumber who is certified by Onondaga County for plumbing leak detection or any plumbing related project.
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Septic vs Sewer: What's The Difference Between Septic & Sewer

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Sewer or Septic System: Myths and Facts Septic vs Sewer System: The Biggest Differences Between the Two The Choice: Septic or Sewer System When Septic Systems are Poorly Maintained Drainage systems make wastewater disappear whenever toilets are flushed or hands are washed in buildings and residential properties.