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Also known as the thoracolumbar division

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Also known as the craniosacral division

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Associated with the fight-or-flight response.

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This activity is referred to by the epithet of rest and digest

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Increased sweating, decreased peristalsis, increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and increased blood pressure.

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Decreased sweating, increased peristalsis, decreased heart rate, pupil constriction, and decreased blood pressure.

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Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

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Neurotransmitter for Parasympathetic Division 

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Neurotransmitter for Parasympathetic Division 

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Acetylcholine

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Sympathomimetic drugs which mimics the action of sympathetic nervous system activation; and sympatholytic drugs which reduce or interrupt the action of sympathetic nervous system activation.

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Parasympathetic drugs can be either muscarinic agonists or antagonists, or have indirect effects on the cholinergic system. Drugs that enhance cholinergic effects are called parasympathomimetic drugs, and  those that inhibit cholinergic effects are also known as anticholinergic drugs.

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There are typically 23 ganglia in the chain on either side of the spinal column. Three correspond to the cervical region, 12 are in the thoracic region, four are in the lumbar region, and four correspond to the sacral region.

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Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers primarily influence the heart, bronchi, and esophagus in the thoracic cavity and the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and small intestine of the abdominal cavity.

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Dobutamine®, dopamine, Albuterol®, and terbutaline.
Blocking Drugs: Ergotamine®, phentolamine, Propranolol®, labetalol.

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Acetylcholine®, bethanecole, neostigmine, and guadnidine
Blocking Drugs: Atropine®, and scopolamine

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Balance between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Division

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Receptors of Parasympathetic division are the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic

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Receptors are alpha beta-1 and alpha beta-2. Alpha-receptors are located on the arteries. When the alpha receptor is stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine, the arteries constrict.