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Any charged object - whether positively charged or negatively charged - will have an attractive interaction with a neutral object.

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An object can store electric charges that cannot flow. These charges are called STATIC CHARGES.

The atoms of all substance contain both negative and positive charges.

The positive charges, called protons, are in the nucleus of the atoms. The negative charges, called electron, move in orbits round the outer part of the atoms.

If the atom is neutral ( Uncharged ), the number of protons and the number of electrons are the same.

The protons are fixed. Only electrons can move.

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Conductors - are materials that allow electric charges to flow through them easily.

eg - metals, graphite, ionised gases.

Insulator- are materials that do not allow electric charges to flow through them easily.

eg- plastic, rubber, glass, wood

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Definition of Induction- Electrostatic induction is a process whereby a conductor becomes charged when a charged body is brought near it but not in direct contact with it.

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4.  Electric field as a region inwhich an electric charge experiences aforce.

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4.  Electric field as a region inwhich an electric charge experiences aforce.

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Electric field is a region where a small charge experiences and electric force

The direction of  electric field line gives the direction of electric force on a free positive charges.

Positive charges move in the direction of the arrow, while negative charges ( electrons ) move in the opposite direction.

The field lines start at positive  charge and end at negative charges.

The field lines do not cross one another.

The density of field lines represent the strength of the electric field.

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3.  Experiments to show the production and detection of electrostatic charges

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3.  Experiments to show the production and detection of electrostatic charges

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CHARGING BY FRICTION.

Rub a plastic ruler with a piece of cloth and then hold it near some tiny pieces of paper.The rubbed plastic ruler attracts the pieces of paper.

Rub a balloon with a piece of cloth and then hold it near ( but not touching) a thin stream of water from a tap. the rubbed balloon attracts the stream of running water.

Because of friction with the piece of cloth, the plastic object have been charges with static electricity

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There are two types of electrical charges: positive and negative.

like charges repel

unlike charges attract.

Charges are measured in units called COULOMBS.