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Find ways to incorporate/use their native language to facilitate their learning of English

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Find ways to incorporate/use their native language to facilitate their learning of English

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- Allow students to use their full linguistic repertoire to make meaning (this is called Translanguaging)

- Allow students to write their thoughts in their native language and use translation apps such as Google Translate

- Have a word wall with pictures and words in both English and their native language that they can refer to

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- Students learn best by doing, making, writing, designing, creating and solving. Research shows ELLs are more likely to participate in discussions/activities in pairs or small groups because it is less anxiety provoking.
- Once students have spoken in small groups, they  become more motivated and confident in speaking to the class as a whole.
- When ELLs see their classmates working hard and achieving their goals, they believe they can too (this is called vicarious experiences)

- Have a buddy system for ELL student so they have someone they can feel comfortable talking to and can ask them questions and clarifications (if possible, match up the student with someone that also speaks their native language)

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Create situations where ELLs will feel a sense of accomplishment

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Create situations where ELLs will feel a sense of accomplishment

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- When educators reinforce the view that students can achieve their goal (this is called verbal persuasion), that boosts students’ confidence

- Give students frequent positive feedback and reinforcements to encourage them and boost their self-esteem
- When giving feedback to students, first talk about the good aspects of their work then provide a clear explanation of their mistakes
- Make necessary corrections on students’ work but don't correct every single mistake or else their confidence will suffer
- Set realistic and clear expectations/learning goals with ELL students
- When expectations/goals are realistic, they are more likely to be achievable and they can help the teacher and student see how much they’ve progressed and grown
- When expectations/goals are achieved, students are more likely to gain confidence and motivation to learn more because they believe they can achieve another goal (this is called mastery experiences)

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Create a friendly/inclusive classroom environment 

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Create a friendly/inclusive classroom environment 

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- An inclusive classroom makes ELLs feel welcomed, accepted and valued, which reduces their anxiety

- When students feel that they know and can trust their teacher and their peers, it boosts their confidence and they feel more comfortable participating in class

- Encourage ELLs to share their language and culture with the class
- Show-and-tell is a good opportunity for ELLs to bring in something representative of their culture

- Have a multicultural library in the classroom. This helps expose children to different cultures
- When creating lessons, pick resources (books, pictures, videos etc.) that are representative of students in your class (race, language, culture family types etc.)
- Use these resources to discuss individual differences with students: teach them that is what makes everyone unique but everyone is equally worthy of kindness and acceptance

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- ELLs are initially trying to orient themselves in the classroom while understanding little to no English
- Predictable structures help reduce anxiety and foster feelings of safety and comfort.
- Research found that classroom patterns and predictable structures help language development.
- Some things educators can do include:
- Post the daily schedule with words and pictures and keep it as constant as possible
- Have specific morning routines (such as attendance, morning message, calendar, weather etc.)
- Use consistent signals for getting students attention, transitions, lining up etc.

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- Incorporate the use of technology

- Use language learning apps/games/activities
- E.g. Kahoot, Memrise, Busuu, Cram, Babbel, Duolingo, MosaLingua, Talk English, Fun English
- Listen to English songs

- Watch English films or videos

- Find and read English language websites

- Go on field trips to build background knowledge for a new topic

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- Actively involving students in decision making helps them feel in control
- When students believe they have some control over their lives, it can boost their self-esteem and resilience
- For e.g. allow students to choose homework problems, brainstorm solutions to a class problem, give them the choice of using a buddy system or apps such as Google Translate