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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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large format view cameras take sheet film in various sizes

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The gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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Framing, the act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

"he issued a writ for breach of copyright"

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A line in a photo is a point that moves, leading towards something.

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A shape is two-dimensional. Yes, a photograph itself is two-dimensional, but a shape in a photograph doesn't have any appearance of depth.

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The first color photograph made by the three-color method suggested by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855, taken in 1861 by Thomas Sutton.

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Form refers to when shape takes on three dimensions. Form is created by shadows and highlights on an object in the photograph.

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When talking about photography texture refers to the visual quality of the surface of an object, revealed through variances in shape, tone and color depth.

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In photography, exposure value is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed

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The rule of space in photography is simply the act of adding visual space

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Balance in photography is observed when an image has subject areas that look balanced throughout the composition.

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring. Variety can also be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc.

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Pattern photography is the concept of integrating a repetition of elements into your photographs. Our daily lives are filled with repetitive patterns.

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole.

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image.

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Movement in photography is related to the way the gear is set and also how it is manipulated. Long exposures convey movement by capturing everything in the sensor, when shutter speeds are less than 1/60 of a second.

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Emphasis​is defined as an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a ​focal point.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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containing or using only one color.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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Cool Colors include green, blue and purple, and variations of those colors. Blue is the only primary color within the cool spectrum

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Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow. These colors can be remembered as warm colors , because think of a volcanoe.

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Opposite colors that go well together, for example Orange and Blue.

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In the context of interior design, neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray and shades of white.

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs

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The golden ratio is a composition guide. Some people call it the Fibonacci spiral, golden spiral, phi grid, divine proportion, or the golden mean.

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Leading lines refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image

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Positive space refers to the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting

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Negative space is the space within, between, and around objects. For example, negative space is the area between a cup and its handle; and it is the space between the petals of a flower.

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A controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene

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Diffused light is light that is essentially going through a filter that spreads the light out and makes it fall on your subjects evenly and without very much contrast

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Ambient Light traditionally refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image.

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Silhouette photography is a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition. It is a technique that creates a three-dimensional quality in images on a two-dimensional plane.

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Objective photography is an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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Photography is subjective by simply being a visual art. In other words, it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective.

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A “constructive critique” is a critique which is constructive– it informs the photographer how to improve.

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Academic integrity requires giving credit to the work and ideas of other people that influenced your project

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Trademark protection is only available for names, short phrases, slogans, service names and logos.

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What are photography ethics? Photography ethics are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs.

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Sepia is a reddish-brown color, named after the rich brown pigment derived from the ink sac of the common cuttlefish Sepia

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A mid-tone is precisely that – all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination

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Photographers tend to pay a lot of attention to light. Shadows are not simply a dark mass that borders the light. Rather, shadows are an entity as alive as the light

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Post processing is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence.

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Light Painting Photography is the Art Form of using handheld lights to paint and/or draw in a scene while the shutter of a camera is left open during a long exposure

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object

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The numbers 720 and 1080 refer to the horizontal resolution. Therefore, 720p HD camera resolution provides images that are 1280 x 720 pixels.

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DSLR is a term that's become synonymous with digital cameras, but a digital single-lens reflex camera

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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Occasionally I see a post on Facebook or in a birding blog that states emphatically that the image was SOOC (Straight Out Of the Camera).

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you.

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Manual mode requires the photographer to make all the decisions that determine an image's exposure, as opposed to an automatic or semi-automatic mode that makes at least some of the calls for the photography.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match

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If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light. ISO is displayed in a number like this: 100, 200, or 400.

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This is the side affect of ISO along with Digital Noise.

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Alike Film Grain, this is also the side affect when using ISO at higher numbers.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp.

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The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured

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Shutter speed determines how long the light sensor is exposed to light.

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera.

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This occurs when you have a long shutter speed, which causes moving things to blur.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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This helps reduce motion blur and keep the image still.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35 mm image sensor format

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Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area

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A prime lens is a fixed focal length lens that does not allow you to zoom in or out.

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A telephoto lens is a long-focus lens that allows photographers to utilize a focal length that is in fact shorter than the lens' physical length.