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(1526-1707 CE)

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Rise and Fall of Mughal Empire | History of India in English | Indian History | Documentary

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( 1526-30 CE)
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of Lodi Dynasty in the Battle of Panipat in 1526 CE and established Mughal Rule in India in 1526 CE. His real name was Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur. He was a brave soldier, a sure shooter and a skilled swordsman. After becoming the ruler of Kabul, he conquered Ghazni and Samarkhand under his control made him give up his ambition of expanding his empire in Central Asia. He defeated Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar in the battle of Khanwa in order to have control over North India. Babur wrote Babarnama or Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turkish which includes important events of Babur's life. Babur was a learned scholar.

For more information, visit the given videos 👇

https://youtu.be/BTUfu87DI7Y    https://youtu.be/tSbHvdOMtVA

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(1530-40 CE & 1555-56 CE)
Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun was the eldest son of Babur who became the emperor in 1530 CE. Babur had gifted separate provinces to his other 3 sons. Humayun had inherited an empty treasury. The army was a combination of people from different countries and language groups. He faced opposition and lacked military ability. His father had failed to crush the power of Afghans for good. Hence, he was defeated by Sher Shah Suri (an Afghan) and was forced to leave India and take refuge in Iran in 1540. In 1555, Humayun restored the Mughal empire in India by defeating Sikander Suri, a weak successor of Sher Shah. He died in 1556 CE after slipping from the steps of his library building at Delhi.

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( 1540-45 CE)
Sher Shah Suri was an Afghan. He was given the title of 'Sherkhan' by the rulers of Bihar.
He took Bihar and Bengal under his control. He defeated Humayun at Chausa. He established an efficient administration under Amirs in provinces and set up a strong army and encouraged trade, educations etc. He built Dohara Sarai, 20 kms away from Ludhiana. Sher Shah is also known as the Forerunner of Akbar.

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( 1556-1605 CE)
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ascended the throne at the age of 14 under the guardianship of Bairam Khan. Akbar was born on 25 October 1542. Akbar was the greatest of the Mughals and hence known as Akbar the Great. He reigned from 1556 CE-1605 CE and extended his power over most of the Indian Sub continent.
In order to preserve the unity of his empire, Akbar adopted programs that won the loyalty of the non-Muslim populations of his realm. Akbar started Din-i-lahi, a socio-religious path to bridge the differences among different communities. He reformed and strengthened his central administration and also centralized his financial system and reorganized tax-collection processes. Although he never renounced Islam, he took an active interest in other religions, persuading Hindus, Parsis, and Christians, as well as Muslims, to engage in religious discussion before him. Illiterate himself, he encouraged scholars, poets, painters, and musicians, making his court a centre of culture. He died on 27 October 1605.

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Akbar the Great Mughal Emperor - History of India | Educational Videos by Mocomi Kids

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9 Gems of Great  Mughal Emperor Akbar or Navratnas

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1. Birbal
2. Raja Todar Mal
3. Abul Fazl
4. Abdur Rahim Khan Khana
5. Mian Tansen
6. Raja Maan Singh\
7. Humam
8. Faizi
9. Mullah Dopyaja

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(1605-27 CE)
Akbar was ascended by his son Muhammad Sultan Salim in 1605 CE at the Agra Fort. Sultan Salim assumed the name Jahangir ( Holder of the World)  and the title of Nur-ud-din ( Light of the Faith).  Akbar always addredded him as 'Shaikhu Baba'.  In 1606, Jahangir's son, Prince Khusrau escaped from Agra and Jahangir followed him and defeated him at the Battle of Bhairowal as many nobles were trying to make Khusrau the emperor. He restarted the war with Rajputs  and was able to conquer the Fort of Kangra where Akbar couldn't succeed. He was known for his justice and strict administration.

Jahangir was famous in the field of justice. He ordered for the setting up of a "Chain of Justice" between Shah Burji palace in the fort of Agra and a stone pillar fixed on the banks of the river Yamuna for enabling the aggrieved persons to pull the chain and ask for justice

Jahangir died in 1627 due to excessive drinking.

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( 1628-58 CE)
Khurram, the third son of Jahangir took the title of Shah Jahan who succeeded his father, Jahangir in 1628 CE. Shah Jahan had a combination of both  good and bad qualities of his character and he is called as a 'mixture of opposites'. The age of Shah Jahan is called the Golden Age of Mughal rule. During his reign, there was undisturbed peace in the country without any foreign threats. The land was fertile and trade was good bringing lots of wealth. He carried out works of public welfare. Roads, canals etc.  were also constructed for the people. Shah Jahan had a natural love for magnificence which was reflected in the buildings constructed by him. He built The Peacock Throne, Jama Masjid,  Taj Mahal etc. {in the memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal}    He is known as an 'Engineer King' and was an excellent calligraphist. In  September 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill and in 1658 Aurangzeb took over the throne and imprisoned Shah Jahan who died in captivity in 1666.

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Shahjahan History | Shahjahan Biography |  Shahjahan Story

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(1658-1707 CE)
Aurangzeb was the son of Jahangir . He captured Agra and crowned himself as the emperor in 1658 CE. He assumed the title of Alamgir. He abolished the inland duties and octroi to please his subjects and also abolished the celebration of New Year ( Nauroz). He was a Muslim fanatic and opposed religious tolerance. Aurangzeb invited Shivaji ( under whom Marathas had become powerful ) for talks where he was imprisoned but Shivaji managed to escape. Aurangzeb conquered Bijapur and Golconda in Deccan but due to his short sighted policies, his vast empire went out of bis grip and many governors revolted against him, estabishing themselves as independent rulers.

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Aurangzeb - The Mughal Emperor  | History of India | Educational Videos by Mocomi Kids

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Though Mughal Empire survived till 1857, its rulers were the pensioners of EAST INDIA COMPANY after 1803.

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East India Company - Pre-Independence History of India | Educational Videos by Mocomi Kids