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Jonathan Edwards uses the imagery of fear and horror to his advantage while pushing his narrative.
Evidence #1 :
In the middle of the speech Edwards continues to use such imagery, to persuade the audience.  "the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow. The glittering sword is whet, and held over them, and the pit hath opened its mouth under them."

Evidence #2:
Through out the text Edwards also includes imagery of pain and torture. "Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering, and there are innumerable places in this covering so weak that they will not bear their weight, and these places are not seen. "He describes the pain and misery that these people will have to go through. He emphasizes the " pits of hell on a rotting cover" indicating it is old and ruined also disgusting.

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Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering, and there are
innumerable places in this covering so weak that they will not bear their weight,
and these places are not seen.

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Johnathan Edwards uses imagery of hell and invokes fear in the audience to persuade them that they must follow God in order avoid descending into hell, which could happen at any moment.
evidence #1: God in the least bound by any promise to hold them up one moment; the devil is waiting for
them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts
is struggling to break out: and they have no interest in any Mediator,4
there are
no means within reach that can be any security to them. In short, they have no
refuge, nothing to take hold of"
evidence #2: "Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering, and there are
innumerable places in this covering so weak that they will not bear their weight,
and these places are not seen."

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Jonathan Edwards uses fear (Pathos) and puts the reader in hypothetical situations to reveal that we must convert and repents for our sins because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1:
"...either is God in the least
bound by any promise to hold them up one moment; the devil is waiting for
them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would
fain lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts
is struggling to break out: and they have no interest in any Mediator,
there are no means within reach that can be any security to them. In short, they have no refuge, nothing to take hold of. . . "
Edwards uses descriptive imagery to instill fear in the reader (Using Pathos) and to make them want to repent and listen to his warning.

Evidence #2:
And now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has
thrown the door of mercy wide open, and stands in the door calling and crying
with a loud voice to poor sinners; a day wherein many are flocking to him, and
pressing into the kingdom of God. Many are daily coming from the east, west, north, and south; many that were very lately in the same miserable condition that you are in, are now in a happy state, with their hearts filled with love to him who has loved them, and washed them from their sins in his own blood, and rejoicing in hope of the glory of God.

Edwards presents a situation to the reader,  this convinces the reader as he mentions that repenting is an "opportunity" for them and that they should follow him. This is a method of persuasion and strongly influences the reader.

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Throughout his speech Jonathan Edwards uses vivd descriptions of Hell and loaded diction to reveal to the us that we must repent and seek salvation because at any moment our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence 1: Very early on in his speech Edwards introduces the idea that the Hell is a fiery place that longs for the blood of those who are not save . The description that he gives brings to mind a roaring pulsing flame that is "hot and ready to receive them [sinners]" This description serves a different purpose depending upon the individual in the audience. If there is a person attending the sermon that is not saved if puts fear into their hearts. Edwards continues to stoke their fear, as one stokes a fire throughout his sermon. For the Puritans in the congregation who are already saved, this imagery is a reminder of what they are being spared form because of their salvation. Instead of encouraging their fear it builds their fervor.

Example 2:  Before his final call to action, Edwards disguises a momentous decision in a simple question. He asks the audience how they would feel to see others" rejoicing and singing for joy of heart, while [they] have cause to mourn for sorrow of heart". The positive option is intentionally connected to salvation and Christ while the negative choice is associated with damnation. The choice presented is easy. Joy or Sorrow?  Once the audience has internally made a decision he leads them to the logical steps to achieve that goal: salvation.

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Johnathan Edwards uses strong imagery to describe the wrath of god along with the condition of hell together with words that provoke hope and deliverance to reveal that we must stay true to Christianity  because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence 1:
"...Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering..." (Page 5)
"...God has so many different unsearchable ways
of taking wicked men out of the world and sending them to hell..." (Page 5)
Edwards uses extreme, hyperbolic language in order to instill fear so that the congregation becomes scared of doing what is wrong in the eye of God.

Evidence 2:
"And now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has

thrown the door of mercy wide open, and stands in the door calling and crying

with a loud voice to poor sinners..." (Page 8)
Edwards finishes his sermon with positive and hopeful language in order to give rise to change.  He is basically warning them of a fate that will come to them if they do not fix their behavior.

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At any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of damnation. (You must add the devices he uses to support this idea & his solution) For example: Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses  horrifying descriptions of hell and an angry god to reveal that we must atone for sins and come back to religion, because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence 1 -
"the devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts is struggling to break out"
Edwards describes hell with such detail, and his goal of intimidating/frightening those who were listening would urge them to follow the words of Christ with more attention.

Evidence 2 -
"So that, thus it is that natural men are held in the hand of God, over the pit of

hell; they have deserved the fiery pit, and are already sentenced to it; and God is

dreadfully provoked, his anger is as great towards them as to those that are actually

suffering the executions of the fierceness of his wrath in hell; and they have done

nothing in the least to appease or abate that anger, neither is God in the least

bound by any promise to hold them up one moment;"
Edwards depicts god as holding these people over the pits of hell, and he has no issue with letting them suffer in hell and how god is not happy with them either.

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Jonathan Edwards uses vivid imagery of hell and pathos through deliberative rhetoric to reveal that we must  pay for our sins and not lose faith in God no matter the circumstances because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation, and God being the only one who is able to protect us from the flames.
Evidence of imagery:
"So that it is not because God is unmindful of their wickedness, and does

not resent it, that he does not let loose his hand and cut them off... The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow. The glittering sword is whet, and held over them,

and the pit hath opened its mouth under them. . . . "(p.126) - Edwards strong/vivid description of Hell is used to incite fear in the audience of the horrors of such a place that they could possibly end up in. He expresses how God's hand is the only reason why they have not yet been torn apart by the flames/furnace/pit/sword awaiting them. Thus, proving how imagery is used to show that God is our savior and protector despite being sinners worthy of Hell.

Evidence of pathos:
"How dreadful is the state of those that are daily and hourly in the danger of

this great wrath and infinite misery! But this is the dismal case of every soul in this congregation that has not been born again, however moral and strict, sober and religious, they may otherwise be. . . . " (p.129) -Edwards appeals to the readers feelings of fear by portraying a possible future for all those in his audience that is "dreadful".  This being possible, and God being the only one who could stop such a future reveals how the author uses pathos to get people to regain faith in God and prevent it.

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Thesis: Jonathan Edwards uses specific descriptions of hell and the use of pathos to reveal that we must repent and convert to Christianity because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "...suffering the executions of the fierceness of his wrath in hell; and they have done
nothing in the least to appease or abate that anger, neither is God in the least
bound by any promise to hold them up one moment; the devil is waiting for
them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would
fain." The author describes the image of hell in his own image in order to scare the intended audience (unconverted men) into converting to Christianity.

Evidence #2: "thus easy
is it for God when he pleases to cast his enemies down to hell. . . ." The author uses a figure who is considered to be "almighty" to evoke fear into the readers.

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Jonathan Edwards uses the imagery of hell fire and repetition of the idea of the wrath of god  to reveal that we must repent our sins and pray that god will forgive us  because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation. One example of the imagery Edwards uses to describe hell fire is "O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath,
a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the
hand of that God..." This quotation is used to emphasize the horror of hell and disobeying god. An example of repetition in the story is when Edwards repeats the terms wrath and hell to emphasize the power of god.

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Jonathan Edwards uses imagery of hell and a blunt tone to reveal that we must directly to reveal we must enter the Kingdom of God by having a change in our ways, because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation. An example of imagery of hell is "the devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash bout them, and would fain lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts struggling to break out" (2). The image of flames and failing to escape shows that the congregation needs to change their ways or that will happen to them. An example of his blunt tone is: "God is a great deal more angry ... with many that are now in this congregation, who it may be are at ease, than he is with many of those who are now in the flames of hell." (1). Edwards tells them directly that God is very angry at them instead of sugarcoating it shows that the only way they can please God is by changing their ways.

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At any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of damnation. For example: Jonathan Edwards uses imagery and personification, giving his congregation a mental picture of God holding sinners above the fiery pits of Hell and how hell awaits them, this reveals that we must  repent of our sinful ways and and turn to God for forgiveness because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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At any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of damnation. For example: Jonathan Edwards uses imagery and personification, giving his congregation a mental picture of God holding sinners above the fiery pits of Hell and how hell awaits them, this reveals that we must  repent of our sinful ways and and turn to God for forgiveness because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Evidence one:

"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath towards you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire ... you are ten thousand times so abominable in his eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours."(page 5 and 6)- imagery.
Edward intended to use this imagery to frighten and motivate his audience by making them recognize the loathsome state their nature has created for them.

Evidence 2:
"The devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain lay hold on them, and swallow them up."(5).- personification.
This is personification because he is giving hell human characteristics. He used it to explain  that after death, there was horror waiting for hem because they had provoked God.

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Jonathan Edwards uses vivid imagery + ___________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ___________ (solution) because at any moment our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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At any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of damnation.  Jonathan Edwards uses vivid imagery of hell and pain to introduce fear into the reader and biblical references to convince us to follow the word of Christ by repenting because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire." The image described in the above quote appeals to the emotions of the audience because  It makes them visualize an extremely small animal about to be burned to ashes with no hope or way of living. This allows the audience to put themselves in the position of the insect and essentially make them feel uneasy knowing that they could be that spider.

Evidence #2:
"You are ten thousand times more abominable in his eyes, than the most hateful venomous serpent is in ours."
Compares sinners with a serpent, a serpent in Christianity represents evil death and destruction. A snake was also present when Adam and Eve broke god's command to not eat the apple (original sin) The serpent in that case signified the devil tempting Adam and eve. So the author is essentially comparing the audience to the devil which in Christianity is a huge deal. By doing this the author scares the audience and gives them a sense of urgency and reason to follow god.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ____burning imagery_______(descriptive device) + _________contrasting diction__________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must __________rejoice in god (positive biblical allusion__________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses strong imagery of hellfire and extreme language to depict the fate of "sinners",
to reveal that we must believe in Christ,
because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence one:
"So that, thus it is that natural men are held in the hand of God, over the pit of hell; they have deserved the fiery pit, and are already sentenced to it; and God is dreadfully provoked, his anger is as great towards them as to those that are actually suffering the executions of the fierceness of his wrath in hell; and they have done nothing in the least to appease or abate that anger"

-This is an example of extreme language. He explains that they deserve their punishment and they do nothing to appease god's anger. It is used to instill fear in the audience by setting an example of someone who has been punished by not following Christ and doing nothing, and that example will essentially become them if they do not convert.

Evidence two:
The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow.

- This is an example of strong imagery Edwards uses. It also instills fear in the audience. It convinces them that the "fiery pit" will become their fate if they choose not to follow Christ.

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Jonathan Edwards uses intense imagery of hell and develops fear in the reader to reveal that the reader has no choice but to convert, because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder;.."

Evidence #2: "Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering, and there are innumerable places in this covering so weak that they will not bear their weight, and these places are not seen. The arrows of death fly unseen at noonday; the sharpest sight cannot discern them. God has so many different unsearchable ways of taking wicked men out of the world and sending them to hell, that there is nothing to make it appear, that God had need to be at the expense of a miracle, or go out of the ordinary course of his providence, to destroy any wicked man, at any moment. . "

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Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards utilizes  the strong imagery of the each individual's possibility of burning in the flames of hell, as he vividly describes the sensations, " God is not altogether such an one as themselves, though they may imagine him to be so. The
wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow." Emphasizing the colors and possible pain, along with the settings. He also uses a repetitive message of how each person's action would bring the individual wrath on them. The repetitive tone not once but from start to finish, really set into the audience's mind as he further describes why and cements God's personal wrath as the logical conclusion. Thus, his sermon preaches that if they do not follow along his voice to repent, they will be taking the long way down to hell and be held in eternal damnation.

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, and swallow them up., and , the flames gather and the Jonathan Edwards uses vivid imagery of hell and the use of loaded diction through pathos  to reveal that we must mend our ways to please Christ because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.
Evidence #1
"The wrath of god burns against them, their dalmation does not slumber;the pit is prepared, the fire is now hot, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them, the flames do now rage an glow. The glittering sword is whet , and held over them, and the pit hath opened its mouth under them." This displays the vivid use of imagery that evokes fear within the reader. The imagery helps persuade the reader into believing that they are in danger, hanging on a very thin string which can break at any moment according to Christs wish.

Evidence #2
"the devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain lay hold on them; and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts is struggling to get out: and they have no interest in the mediator, there are no means within reach that can be of any security to them. In short, they have no refuge, nothing to take hold of." This is evidence of strong loaded diction and deliberative language to persuade the reader. The negative tone and pathos evokes intense fear and terror in the reader. The use of deliberative language makes the sinners realize that if they don't repent their sins this is going to happen.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses repeating patterns of  deliberative rhetoric (pathos/emotion) to invoke fear by describing possible future events and using graphic imagery to reveal that we must wash away our sins and escape a future of hell by worshipping and loving Christ, because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

"The devil is waiting for
them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain lay hold on them, and swallow them up": This is an example of one of the many future events he describes. He addresses the audience as if they are sinners, and uses these events described to basically say  that if they don't start following Christ, they will end up in hell. These events are intended to appeal to our emotion by frightening the audience, and encouraging us to get rid of our sins.

"The pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow. The glittering sword is whet, and held over them, and the pit hath opened its mouth under them": This is an example of the graphic imagery he repeatedly describes hell with. The intention of the author is to invoke emotion, specifically fear, in the audience, but also describe what will happen/what it would look like/what it would feel like to be in hell, and essentially have them worry about if they could be next.

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Jonathan Edwards uses hellish imagery and hypothetical situations to reveal that we must repent our sins and pray because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses many biblical verses and images of hell to reveal that we must pray and repent because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Edwards uses emotion, specifically fear and imagery to go with that fear to reveal that we must believe god, specifically Christ, because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "And the reason why they do not go down to hell at each moment, is not because God, in whose power they are, is not then very angry with them; as angry as he is with many miserable creatures now tormented in hell, who there feel and bear the fierceness of his wrath" (pg. 1) This statement shows how Edwards uses fear to scare people into believing in god. He states that god torments people in hell who did not believe in him in their lifetime. God takes them off the earth to torment them for eternity.

Evidence #2: "O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment" (pg. 5). This statement uses so much imagery of god's wrath and the hell that all sinners will burn in, that it would have scared the living daylights out of people in the time period that this was written in. This is what makes the sermon so interesting, the way the author scares the listeners to the point where they would listen to anything he says to say themselves from god's wrath. Fear and Imagery is so successful in this sermon, that anyone would be happy to follow his directions.

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At any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of damnation. Jonathan Edwards uses detailed imagery about fire and hell + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Jonathan Edwards uses ___________(descriptive device) + ___________________(descriptive device) to reveal that we must ____________________(solution) because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

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Throughout the sermon Johnathan Edwards uses both fiery descriptions of hell and

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Thesis: Jonathan Edwards uses fear (pathos) and hypothetical situations in hell, creating an intimate relationship with his audience, to reveal that we must repent for our sins and ask forgiveness to God because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "However you may have reformed your life in many things, and may have had religious affections, and may keep up a form of religion in your families and closets, and in the house of God, it is nothing but his mere pleasure that keeps you from being this moment swallowed up in everlasting destruction." --
This shows fear (pathos), because the majority of the audience would have fit the descriptions Edwards described in the beginning of the quote, and then Edwards goes on to say even this isn't good enough and God can send anyone to hell. This is very intimidating and scary.

Evidence #2: "The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked: his wrath towards you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else,
but to be cast into the fire; he is of purer eyes than to bear to have you in his sight; you are ten thousand times more abominable in his eyes, than the most hateful venomous serpent is in ours." ---- This is an example of the hypothetical situation Edwards often places his audience members in. I think he does this to directly involve his audience members in the subject matter. He creates a very intimate relationship, because he's shaping the audience's thoughts for a temporary time. He manipulates them to think a certain thing, which is very powerful and works in his favor.

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Jonathan Edwards uses

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Jonathan Edwards uses

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Jonathan Edwards uses logos through the form of analogies and a negative, fear-evoking tone to reveal that we must follow Christ because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.
Here an analogy is used to help clarify what could happen to someone in the audience. "The bow of God’s wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood."
Here is an example where a variety f words are used, that all have a negative tone and connotation in order to scare the audience.
"the fiery pit, and are already sentenced to it; and God is dreadfully provoked, his anger is as great towards them as to those that are actually suffering the executions of the fierceness of his wrath in hell; and they have done nothing in the least to appease or abate that anger"

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Jonathan Edwards uses vivid imagery of hell and scare tactics (pathos) to reveal that we must pray in order to repent our sins and follow Christ because at any moment, our hold on life could break and we will be plunged into the fires of eternal damnation.

Evidence #1: "The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; the flames do now rage and glow. The glittering sword is whet, and held over them, and the pit hath opened its mouth under them." - use of vivid imagery

Evidence #2: "the devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain 3lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their own hearts is struggling to break out: and they have no interest in any Mediator, 4there are no means within reach that can be any security to them. In short, they have no refuge, nothing to take hold of." -using pathos by frightening the audience about what will happen if they don't repent their sins.