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The movement of water via ballast tanks in ships is facilitating invasive species outbreaks, causing local extinctions of other species. This concept is new to me as I didn't realise movement of large masses of ballast water was indirecting causing marine species extinction.

Huh?

If the Royal Commission of Environmental Pollution recognised that current legislation is insufficient in risk assessing the dangers of nanotechnology on the environment in 2008, why is there still as lack of legislation restricting usage in 2020? Makes me question the effectiveness of this report.

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Aha
1. Attempting to restore communities subjected to fragmentation can potentially improve the resilience of existing populations to climate change.

2. I previously considered the value of nature conservation in terms of funding (a preliminary obstacle) however the value is potentially more significant in terms of any monetary gain/profit following the implementation of a policy. The rewards of conservation are restoration, reintroduction etc and these can be under-appreciated when compared to a policy offering a monetary profit.

Huh
1. When considering the impacts of animals of domestic origin and their effects on wild landscape areas, there is no discussion of how reducing grazing would be of benefit (comes across as a problem with no solution).

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Huh? Valuation of nature conservation - I don’t get why the government and companies cant just appreciate that youd never be able to value the environment in monetary terms
Aha Addressing diffuse pollution from agriculture with the Water Framework Directive – Increasing the taxes of using pesticides for crop use and using reedbeds as a natural filtering source between agricultural land and the waterways to reduce pollution
Aha Nanotechnology involving otherwise inert chemicals – just sounds like it will become another microplastic problem

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Aha!
1. That at this point in time fishing is still not held to the same level of scrutiny as of uses of marine environment. overfishing is a huge problem and no only effect fish populations but marine ecosystems.

2. Impacts of nanotubules upon mammalian lungs and fish gills have been identified. Never thought that something such as nanotechnology could have an impact on marine animals.

Huh?
1.  Valuation of nature conservation. I get why this can be helpful in getting conservation more talked about in terms of politics. But cant see how this will be implemented practically and fairly. how does one quantify nature?

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Aha!
The capacity for reed beds and other natural features to reduce diffuse pollution from riverine systems is something I hadn't previously contemplated.

Huh
How are we going to mass grow biomass crops when we have to double global food production by 2050?.

Also no mention of the downsides to the Water Framework directive such as the downstream flooding problems caused by the lack of dredging it enforces.

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Aha!

1. Subjecting fishing to the same level of scrutiny as other users of the marine environment. Fishing is an essential contributor to global food security, however, overfishing is causing major declines in fish populations - particularly in long lived and slow growing species of which individuals take years to reach sexual maturity. Overfishing not only effects fish populations (leading to local extinctions in some cases) but it also modifies and damages  marine environments.

2. Valuation of nature conservation.
The importance and value of the ecosystem services is not reflected in the market prices. This means that the importance of the natural world is overlooked in decision making, putting nature conservation on the back burner. More needs to be done to highlight the value of the natural world including the adoption of the ecosystem service framework throughout Government departments.

Huh?
A new policy model to support sustainable land use management.
I'm familiar with the concept of sustainable land use management and I have heard of the EU CAP, however the element of this that I find confusing is what is meant when it states that the resources are distributed according to historic patterns.

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Aha
1. The idea of habitat banking as compensation for potential diversity loss from construction. Providing land for habitat creation or a safe place for species to reside around developments.
2. Marine spatial planning. The allocation of areas of marine habitat to provide resources without conflict and to gain the maximum resources from an area without damage.

Huh
1. Biomass crops. If the effects of plant based fuel could be potentially harmful is there no way to maximise the yield from the crop to reduce the space needed? Or any other method of obtaining from waste products? I dont know the ins and outs but farm produce that doesnt reach supermarket shelves and general food waste?

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Aha:

I knew that peatlands were important wildlife corridors, but until reading this paper had underestimated their importance.  They are in decline and initiatives are underway to maintain current peatland habitats and restore degraded areas.  Peatlands also provide an importance to humans whereby much of our clean water is supplied by such habitats.

Habitat banking is a financial instrument designed to offset activities that could damage wildlife in fragile identified environments.  I have viewed many examples of this in documentaries however did not know that this was “habitat banking”; I have been able to define these actions.

Huh:

Ballast water treatment confuses me.  By using it to cull invasive species surely somewhere along the line other species are being negatively affected by this? What kind of negative affect does the removing of invasive species have on the food chain?

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Aha!!
1.  I learnt that Habitat banking is a way of ensuring that when development is undertaken a measure can be put in place so there is a compensation to ensure minimum or no-net-loss of biodivesity. They also secure funds for developers and provide land for habitat enhancement, restoration or creation.
2. I learnt that for an ecosystem services to work properly there needs to be an establishment of a baseline and funding. Landowners and stockholders are given duties that need to be met according to  resource and management regulation.

Huh?
1. I find the use of Biomass crops confusing. Even though they are helpful, why are we doing it if we know there is a risk of loosing a semi-grassland area or an area where a potential food source can be grown?.

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Ahas:

1.      That peatlands are such an important habitat and provide a large service to millions of people in the form of clean fresh water but if peatland is degraded, extraction value is increased due to the need to change the water colour

2.     Use of chemicals at an atomic scale with nanotechnology can have unusual properties which can be beneficial but there are potential negative impacts and issues regarding possible increased concentrations in the natural environment

Huh:

How agriculture and the Common Agriculture Policy is able to affect such a large amount of land, money and therefore people and to which extent incentives are required with conservation especially in economic sense and not moral or ethical obligations or desire

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Ahas:
1. I learnt how to diffuse pollution from agriculture with the Water Framework Directive (implement pesticide and nutrient tax along with other ways).
2. Hay meadows, wood pastures and heathlands are nationally declining habitats. I knew meadows were in decline but I did not know pastures and heathlands were.

Huh:
1. I find habitat banking confusing to understand as I am not familiar with that term. Terms, policies and agreements takes me some time to understand.

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Habitat Banking - in easy to understand way

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Habitat Banking - in easy to understand way

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(#Saugat)
Great insights Jess. Talking about habitat banking an article appeared on 'the guardian' also explains it well.

it reads like: "Biodiversity banking" or "habitat banking" – similar to the conservation credit scheme favoured by the Conservatives in the UK – is an economic strategy that funds conservation actions intended to compensate for and mitigate the unavoidable environmental impact caused by development projects. By brokering arrangements between developers, landowners and planning authorities, a lot of money can be found to help create and manage habitats in the natural environment – something we all want."

Do check more at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/cif-green/2009/nov/16/habitat-banking-conservative-conservation-credits#:~:text="Biodiversity banking" or "habitat,impact caused by development projects.

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