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Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. There are many forms of child maltreatment, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, exploitation and emotional abuse.

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7 R's -  Carleigh Academy Abu Dhabi (rated Outstanding) 

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7 R's -  Carleigh Academy Abu Dhabi (rated Outstanding) 

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Remember the seven R's for members of staff:

Receive - listen to what is being said.

Reassure - reassure the child, but only so far as is honest and reliable. Do not make promises.

Respond - respond to the child as far as is necessary for you to establish whether or not you need to refer this matter, but do not interrogate for full details.

Report - Share concerns with the DSL immediately.

Record - If possible make some brief notes at the time (handwritten). Record the date, time, place, persons present and noticeable nonverbal behaviour.

Remember - support the child: listen, reassure, and be available.

Review (led by DSL)

If members of staff are ever unsure, they must always speak to the Designated Safeguarding Lead.

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Policies from Schools in Arab Countries (Sample 2)

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Policies from Schools in Arab Countries (Sample 2)

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Repton School Abu Dhabi abides by the Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) Child Protection Policy and NSPCC UK guidelines

Definitions in link pp. 11-13

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Policies from Schools in Arab Countries (Sample 1)

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Policies from Schools in Arab Countries (Sample 1)

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Qatar - Sherborne School - updated Jan. 2020

Also includes forms to be filled in by staff and handed to Child Protection Officer (pp. 10-14)
PHYSICAL ABUSE
The physically abused child lives with violence and often accepts this as normality. Physically abused children often react defensively to any swift movement made by an adult and may even strike out. The nature of this form of abuse may make it easier to spot, with the most obvious indicators, sometimes including violence to staff. Care is taken to acknowledge that some types of punitive measures in the home are more accepted in Qatar than in the UK. However, any suspected cases of physical abuse should be reported to the relevant Child Protection Officer.

SEXUAL ABUSE
The complexities of this form of abuse are hard to grasp but usually entail the child keeping intolerable secrets, often under threat. The child may not be aware that what is happening to them is abnormal, but the abnormality of his/her behaviour at School may be an indicator of abuse.

NEGLECT
The neglected child carries a sense of worthlessness that is hard to bear. The neglect by parents or guardians causes the bond of trust to be severely damaged and makes home a less stable and happy environment. It is hard for the child to leave this behind when he/she comes to School, and the benefit of School’s caring attitude can often be accordingly minimal. A classic symptom is for the child to fail to respond to stimulus in class, however interesting.

EMOTIONAL ABUSE
This is not based on denial or neglect but is a more active form of direct abuse. The child is often a scapegoat when things go wrong at home and suffers taunting or derision, instilling a sense that he/she can never do anything right.

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CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum:

"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation"; or

"An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm."

recourse:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/can/defining/

The International School of Helsinki has a rich and diverse community with multiple cultural beliefs, values and practices. To respect the global nature of the community, for the purposes of our Child Safeguarding policy, we have chosen to follow the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) definition of abuse and neglect. THE WHO DECLARES:

“Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.”

resource:
https://ishelsinki.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ISH_Child-Safeguarding_A4_web.pdf

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Team 4 Neglect and commercial exploitation

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Team 4 Neglect and commercial exploitation

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وثيقة سياسة حماية الطفل الموّحدة￼الخاصة بالمؤسسات والجمعيات الأهلية  العاملة مع الأطفال في لبنان

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وثيقة سياسة حماية الطفل الموّحدة￼الخاصة بالمؤسسات والجمعيات الأهلية  العاملة مع الأطفال في لبنان

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Types of Abuse

Physical Abuse
Physical abuse is generally defined as "any nonaccidental physical injury to the child" and can include striking, kicking, burning, or biting the child, or any action
that results in a physical impairment of the child. In approximately 42 States and American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, the definition of abuse also includes acts or circumstances that threaten the child with harm or create a substantial risk of harm to the child's health or welfare.6 In 15 States, the crime of human trafficking, including labor trafficking, involuntary servitude, or trafficking of minors, is included in the definition of child abuse.

Neglect
Neglect is frequently defined as the failure of a parent
or other person with responsibility for the child to provide needed food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision to the degree that the child's health, safety, and well-being are threatened with harm.8 Approximately 25 States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands include failure to educate the child as required by law in their definition of neglect.9 Ten States specifically define medical neglect as failing to provide any special medical treatment or mental health care needed by the child.10 In addition, five States define medical neglect as the withholding of medical treatment or nutrition from disabled children with life- threatening conditions.

Sexual Abuse/Exploitation
All States include sexual abuse in their definitions of child abuse. Some States refer in general terms to sexual abuse, while others specify various acts as sexual abuse. Sexual exploitation is an element of the definition of sexual abuse in most jurisdictions. Sexual exploitation includes allowing the child to engage in prostitution or in the production of child 🤬. In 33 States, the definition of sexual abuse includes human trafficking, including sex trafficking or trafficking of children for sexual purposes.

Emotional Abuse
Almost all States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands include emotional maltreatment
as part of their definitions of abuse or neglect.
Approximately 33 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico provide specific definitions of emotional abuse or mental injury
to a child.14 Typical language used in these definitions is "injury to the psychological capacity or emotional stability of the child as evidenced by an observable or substantial change in behavior, emotional response, or cognition" and injury as evidenced by "anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggressive behavior."
https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/define.pdf

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NSPCC Learning (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) -UK

Definitions and signs of child abuse
https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/media/1188/definitions-signs-child-abuse.pdf

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What is Child Abuse ?
A variety of definitions from different resources:

Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. There are many forms of child maltreatment, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, exploitation and emotional abuse.
https://www.childhelp.org/child-abuse/

Child abuse happens when someone caring for a child hurts a child's feelings or body. It can happen to boys or girls in any family. Often, hurt feelings (or emotional trauma) last long after a hurt body has healed.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-abuse.html

Child abuse is not just physical violence directed at a child. It is any form of maltreatment by an adult, which is violent or threatening for the child. This includes neglect.

When child abuse occurs in the home and the abuser is, for example, the child’s parent or care-giver, this is a form of domestic violence .

But children are sometimes abused by other adults on whom they are dependent, such as day nursery workers, teachers and sports coaches.
Sometimes abuse is intentional, but not always. If parents or caregivers are no longer able to cope with caring for the child, this can result in dysfunctional behaviour and abuse.
https://www.government.nl/topics/child-abuse/what-is-child-abuse

The World Health Organization ([WHO], 2006, p. 9) defines child abuse and neglect as:

All forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.
The World Health Organization

"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation"; or

"An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.”

State laws provide much greater detail.  A summary of state definitions for child abuse and neglect can be found here.  The Child Welfare Information Gateway also has a searchable database of state statutes to access access state-specific definitions.
https://nationalchildabusecoalition.org/what-is-child-abuse

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Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, intentionally or not  causes harm, potential harm or the threat of harm to a child.

Child abuse constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, exploitation (commercial or other types of exploitation), resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity

It is the responsibility of all Mashrek educators and admin staff to pick up cues of possible maltreatment by observing children’s behavior at school, observing physical signs, or during routine interviews with parents.

It is the responsibility of all Mashrek educators and admin staff to preserve and protect our students emotional, mental and physical health to empower passionate future leaders who can positively impact the world.

Child abuse in schools can take a number of different forms and be sexual, physical and/or emotional. Abusers can be:

A person in a position of trust, such as a teacher

Other staff members

students at the school

Physical abuse of a child is when a parent or caregiver causes any non-accidental physical injury to a child. There are many signs of physical abuse. If you see any of the following signs, please get help right away.

Sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses a child for sexual purposes or involves a child in sexual acts. It also includes when a child who is older or more powerful uses another child for sexual gratification or excitement.

Emotional abuse When a parent or caregiver harms a child’s mental and social development, or causes severe emotional harm, it is considered emotional abuse. While a single incident may be abuse, most often emotional abuse is a pattern of behavior that causes damage over time.

Child neglect is when a parent or caregiver does not give the care, supervision, affection and support needed for a child’s health, safety and well-being. Child neglect includes:

Physical neglect and inadequate supervision

Emotional neglect

Medical neglect

Educational neglect

·         Any recent act or failure to act: This reminds us that abuse and neglect are two distinct concepts. A child can be harmed by overt actions like hitting or kicking, but a child can also be harmed when an adult fails to provide for the child’s well-being. For example, an adult may fail to provide medical care, adequate supervision, or food.

·         on the part of a parent or caretaker: Remember abuse and neglect can happen anywhere and by anyone. Abuse does not just happen at the hands of a parent or family member. Abuse and neglect can be committed by anyone who is responsible for the care of a child. This might be a teacher, teen volunteer, coach, faith leader, or any other individual in a caregiving or supervisory role.

·         which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation

·         or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm: We don’t have to wait for tragedies to strike. If a child is in serious risk of harm, it can be considered abuse or neglect.

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1-Child abuse: Child abuse is any sort of are violations of a child’s human rights that would cause any obstacles to a child’s education as well as to their physical, emotional, and social development.
source : https://www.sekolahbuinbatu.sch.id/school-policies/child-safeguarding

2-Physical abuse:
Physical Abuse is:
● Inflicting physical injury on a child by other than accidental means, causing skin
bruising, burns, disfigurement, impairment of physical or emotional health, or loss or
impairment of any bodily function, death; and/or
● Creating a substantial risk of physical harm to a child’s bodily functioning; and/or
● Committing acts that are cruel or inhumane regardless of observable injury. Such
acts may include, but are not limited to, instances of extreme discipline
demonstrating a disregard of a child’s pain and/or mental suffering; and/or
● Assaulting or criminally mistreating a child as defined by either the criminal code or
school policy; and/or
● Engaging in actions or omissions resulting in injury to, or creating a substantial risk to
the physical or mental health or development of a child; and/or
● Failing to take reasonable steps to prevent the occurrence of any of the above
Source : https://www.zis.ch/fs/resource-manager/view/cfc91ffc-7ef7-4ccc-b075-b6f5de854d61

3- Emotional abuse

Emotional abuse is the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the child’s emotional development. It may involve conveying to a child that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or ‘making fun’ of what they say or how they communicate. It may feature age or developmentally inappropriate expectations being imposed on children. These may include interactions that are beyond a child’s developmental capability, as well as overprotection and limitation of exploration and learning, or preventing the child participating in normal social interaction. It may involve seeing or hearing the ill treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyber bullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children. Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment of a child, though it may occur alone. .
Source: https://www.isnsz.com/media/documents/ISNS_Child_Protection_Policy_REV17_2020.pdf

4- Neglect: Neglect is failure to provide for a child’s basic needs within their own
environment. Neglect may be:
- Physical e.g., failure to provide necessary food or shelter, or lack of appropriate
supervision - this would include failure to provide proper adult guardianship such
as leaving children unsupervised at home for any extended period of time. Should
parents/guardians leave the home/country for any reason the responsibility for
informing the school of all appropriate contact details lies with the parent or
guardian.
- Medical e.g., failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment.
- Emotional e.g., a pattern of actions, such as: inattention to a child’s emotional
needs, failure to provide psychological care, or permitting the child to use alcohol
or other drugs.

source:https://www.zis.ch/fs/resource-manager/view/cfc91ffc-7ef7-4ccc-b075-b6f5de854d61

5- Sexual Abuse :

Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity or sexual behaviour that happens without consent or understanding.

Sexual violence and abuse can be physical contact or non-contact sexual activities, such as:

indecent exposure

stalking

grooming

forced to look at or be involved in producing sexually abusive material

forced to watch sexual activities

source : https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/recognising-adult-abuse-exploitation-and-neglect

6-Exploitation: Definition of child exploitation

Child exploitation refers to the use of children for someone else’s advantage, gratification or profit often resulting in unjust, cruel and harmful treatment of the child.

These activities are to the detriment of the child’s physical or mental health, education, moral or social-emotional development. It covers situations of manipulation, misuse, abuse, victimisation, oppression or ill-treatment.
source: https://safeguarding.network/safeguarding-resources/child-criminal-exploitation/

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Keeping Children Safe in Education - Department for Education UK

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Keeping Children Safe in Education - Department for Education UK

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Definition of child abuse:
a form of maltreatment of a child. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by inflicting harm or by failing to act to prevent harm. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting by those known to them or, more rarely, by others. Abuse can take place wholly online, or technology may be used to facilitate offline abuse. Children may be abused by an adult or adults or by another child or children.

Further Elaboration on Forms of Abuse:

Physical abuse: a form of abuse which may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of, or deliberately induces, illness in a child.

Emotional abuse: the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child such as to cause severe and adverse effects on the child’s emotional development. It may involve conveying to a child that they are worthless or unloved, inadequate, or valued only insofar as they meet the needs of another person. It may include not giving the child opportunities to express their views, deliberately silencing them or ‘making fun’ of what they say or how they communicate. It may feature age or developmentally inappropriate expectations being imposed on children. These may include interactions that are beyond a child’s developmental capability as well as overprotection and limitation of exploration and learning, or preventing the child from participating in normal social interaction. It may 9 involve seeing or hearing the ill-treatment of another. It may involve serious bullying (including cyberbullying), causing children frequently to feel frightened or in danger, or the exploitation or corruption of children. Some level of emotional abuse is involved in all types of maltreatment of a child, although it may occur alone.

Sexual abuse: involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including assault (for example 🤬 or oral sex) or non-penetrative acts such as touching outside of clothing. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse. Sexual abuse can take place online, and technology can be used to facilitate offline abuse. Sexual abuse is not solely perpetrated by adult males. Women can also commit acts of sexual abuse, as can other children. The sexual abuse of children by other children is a specific safeguarding issue in education.

Neglect: the persistent failure to meet a child’s basic physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of the child’s health or development. Neglect may occur during pregnancy, for example, as a result of maternal substance abuse. Once a child is born, neglect may involve a parent or carer failing to: provide adequate food, clothing and shelter (including exclusion from home or abandonment); protect a child from physical and emotional harm or danger; ensure adequate supervision (including the use of inadequate care-givers); or ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment. It may also include neglect of, or unresponsiveness to, a child’s basic emotional needs.

Peer on peer abuse

All staff should be aware that children can abuse other children (often referred to as peer on peer abuse). This is most likely to include, but may not be limited to:

• bullying (including cyberbullying);

• physical abuse such as hitting, kicking, shaking, biting, hair pulling, or otherwise causing physical harm;

• sexual violence, 8 such as 🤬, assault by penetration and sexual assault;

• sexual harassment, 9 such as sexual comments, remarks, jokes and online sexual harassment, which may be stand-alone or part of a broader pattern of abuse;

• upskirting, 10 which typically involves taking a picture under a person’s clothing without them knowing, with the intention of viewing their genitals or buttocks to obtain sexual gratification, or cause the victim humiliation, distress or alarm;

• sexting (also known as youth produced sexual imagery).

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Keeping Children Safe in Education

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1-Take a web crawl and look up a definition for : 

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1-Take a web crawl and look up a definition for : 

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1- child abuse
2- physical abuse
3- emotional abuse
4- Neglect
5- sexual abuse
6- exploitation

Please, cite the resources that you have used .

2- Create your own post and please , jot down one definition for child abuse and for every type of abuse.

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We strive for excellence in education through providing personalized learning that incorporates innovative instructional strategies and actively engages the school community in learners' experiences that are applied within diverse environments while taking pride in our own culture and preserving it.

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Being an influential educational institution that empowers passionate future leaders who positively impact the world.

الرؤية المدرسية

رؤيتنا أن تكون المشرق مؤسسة تربوية مؤثرة، تهيء كافة الإمكانات المحفّزة لقادة شغوفين يؤثرون إيجابيا بالعالم.

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Our Values / القيم
The acronym IRESPECT was developed to outline the eight values that will guide our actions and dealings while preserving our unique culture at Mashrek International School:

Integrityالنزاهة

Resilience  المرونة

Equity  الإنصاف

Selflessness  الإيثار

Passion  الشغف

Excellence  التميز

Compassion  التعاطف

Team Spirit  روح الفريق