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I am choosing the post 3 the red flag ancient wisdom,

Define Problem: The fact that it's 4500 years old civilization.

Gather Information:
This video was posted on YouTube channel CrashCourse, which is famous and old channel which posts the similar content. And the information in video is what I have learned in our schools in India.

Recognize Assumptions, Emotions, Biases:
This information is found by archeologists and group of people so, the information is not based on any assumptions or biases.

Synthesize Evidence, Identify Alternative:
There is no alternative to this information because this is known civilization which is found by following scientific methods.

Select best Alternative:
There is no other alternative so this is the best one.

Evaluate Evidence:
The information that is in video, is exactly what I have learned in my schools, so it is Indian education board approved I guess so its true, that I believe.

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Post #9 Reasons of Belief: Simplicity (Article)

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Post #9 Reasons of Belief: Simplicity (Article)

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https://www.bedguru.co.uk/9-inventions-inspired-by-dreams#:~:text=A%20violent%20muder%20nightmare%20led,a%20hole%20in%20the%20tip.

Definition:
Simple dreams becomes the reality.

Connection:
In this article there are 9 inventions which were actually a dream. Such as how is that possible that the double helix structure of the DNA was a dream, and it turns out to be true. Mandeleev saw the dream about the positions of the chemical elements in periodic table and tried it and all makes snece now.

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9 Inventions Inspired by Dreams | Bed Guru

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Some of the world’s most celebrated artists, scientists and inventors had their eureka moments mid-sleep…

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Post #8 Reasons of Belief: Unexplained (Article)

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Post #8 Reasons of Belief: Unexplained (Article)

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https://www.livescience.com/11361-history-overlooked-mysteries.html

Definition:
The events that has and maybe/most likely will never have an explaination.

Connection:
In the article the writer explaines different event that are unexplained like was ther ever a King Arthur, and when Jesus was born, and who was the Jack the Ripper in real.

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14 biggest historical mysteries that will probably never be solved

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From the identity location of Cleopatra's tomb to the fate of the Ark of the Covenant, some historical mysteries may never be solved.

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Post #7 Reasone for Belief: Patternicity (Article)

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Post #7 Reasone for Belief: Patternicity (Article)

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https://www.scienceabc.com/social-science/apophenia-patternicity-pareidolia-gamblers-fallacy-with-examples.html

Definition:
Finding pattern in random, is a behauviour of human, but based on that we start to believe certain things which sounds like true.

Connection:
In this article the writer gives the example of patternicity, one sandwich was sold for $ 28,000 on eBay, just because it looked like that sandwich had the pattern of Virgin Mary.

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Would you believe me if I told you that a particular grilled cheese sandwich was sold for $28,000 on eBay?

Well, it's true!

In 2004, a sandwich reverently preserved for 10 years by a Florida woman was sold at that unbelievably high price because some viewers claimed to see an image of the Virgin Mary in the toasted bread ( Source).

Humans seem to find it harmless or even delightful to entertain these fancies - pointing out the man in the moon, identifying familiar shapes in clouds or even in the dirt left on cars. We enjoy searching for patterns in randomness.

In fact, recognizing patterns is one of our most basic cognitive skills and has been crucial for our survival and evolution. Our hominid ancestors recognized both food and predators using pattern recognition. When they heard a rustle, their pattern recognition skills alerted them to consider if the movement was because of wind or some hungry predator waiting to pounce on them from the shadows. Similarly, when they saw an S-shaped root on the ground, it was their basic instinct that made them connect it with the image of a poisonous snake.

Our brain has been prepared to hunt down patterns since the snapshot of birth. Whether this relates to situations or objects, we have been programmed to find links and attach meaning to everything. We love to connect the dots and say that something happened because of something. However, is our brain always right? Do the patterns always exist in reality?

While pattern recognition is a really cool feature of our brain, unfortunately, it did not evolve a baloney-detection mechanism that could distinguish between true and false patterns. The patterns that our brains find do not always turn out to be meaningful in reality.

Have you ever jumped when a leaf scratched the back of your neck, but you immediately thought it was a spider? Have you ever heard voices in the random sounds generated by electronic devices, or linked conspiracies to the daily news? Many times, our pattern recognition system misfires and scares us without genuine cause.

What Is Apophenia?

The tendency of our brain to mistakenly detect patterns where they don't exist is called ' Apophenia' (also called ' patternicity'). This phenomenon makes us see connections between unrelated things and incidences of our life, and interpret them as being meaningful. The term 'Apophenia' was coined by the German neurologist, Klaus Conrad, who originally described this phenomenon as a psychotic thought process, and as one of the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it is now viewed as a ubiquitous feature of human nature.

Imagine the following scenario: On a Monday morning, your alarm clock does not wake you up and you're late for a very important meeting. Your cat has left your living room in an absolute mess. The coffee maker suddenly stopped working. It's raining heavily and your car won't start. What would you think, given this string of incidents? One or two of these minor events would seem insignificant, but once the list grows, it all looks like some sinister plot - a scheme of evil unseen forces conspiring against you.

Does Your Brain Choose Apophenia?

When in doubt, would you rather choose to believe a pattern or discard it? As it turns out, our brains will always choose to be on the safe side and believe the signs instead of ignoring them. A simple thought experiment may help you understand why.

Consider this: You are a hominid walking in the African jungle three million years ago. You suddenly hear a rustle in the grass. Is it the wind or a hungry predator? You have two obvious choices: You can assume (a) that the noise was just wind and go about your business, or (b) believe that the noise was indeed a predator, and seek shelter! If you assume that the noise is a predator, but it turns out to simply be the wind, you have nothing to lose. However, if you assume that it is just the wind and it turns out to be a predator, it may cost you your life.

Therefore, our brain chooses false positives (believing something to be real when it actually isn't) over false negatives (not believing something as real when it actually is).

Types Of Apophenia

Apophenia manifests itself in the following basic types:

Pareidolia

The most common variety of all, pareidolia, can be called visual apophenia. When we see something, our brain uses prior knowledge, context and expectations to make sense of it. That is why we frequently see non-existent things in sandwiches, clouds, dirt, etc. Moreover, since faces are the most common sights in our memory, we see faces in just about everything.

Gambler's Fallacy

Gamblers often think that they see patterns in the numbers that appear in roulette wheels and lotteries. A common belief is that a particular outcome is 'due' to happen since it has not happened before, or vice versa. For example, imagine that Dave is repeatedly flipping a coin and guessing the outcome before it lands. After observing three heads in a row, he believes that a tail is 'due', meaning that a tail is more likely to appear on the next flip than a head. This is the gambler's fallacy.

This phenomenon has highly contributed to the more than nine billion dollars in gambling revenue taken in by Nevada casinos in 2001 ( Source).

Confirmation Bias

This is a cognitive bias that makes us seek and favor information that confirms our previously existing beliefs, while neglecting the clear evidence that would argue against those beliefs. We will not only seek information that supports our bias, but also remember details in a way that reinforces it. Confirmation bias is what we commonly call cherry-picking.

Middle-aged critics of modern youth will constantly look for evidence that confirms their beliefs that the new generation is lazy, ill-mannered and spoiled. A scientist will pay more attention to the data that confirms his/her pet theory and ignore (or put less weight on) the data that questions or contradicts it.

This type of bias can prevent us from looking at situations objectively and lead to poor or faulty choices.

Is Apophenia dangerous?

While it's tempting to view apophenia as just another defect in our cognitive capabilities, it might be useful for us to look beyond that dismissive stance and see it as an amusing aspect of nature. Good novelists understand this very well, and are therefore able to use seemingly unrelated associations to create suspense and anticipation in their readers.

Apophenia can be a boon to artists of any kind. Inspiration for a melody may come from a birdsong. If not for apophenia, we would be unable to appreciate puns and clever turns of phrase. Even Salvador Dali created magic in his paintings by playing with pareidolia!

Mild apophenia is not dangerous, per se; it is a normal human experience. Even so, it can become pathological in schizophrenia, when pattern recognition and interpretation run wild.

For the most part, it seems that our relentless quest for meaning in every routine aspect of life is a part of our larger search-a search for the meaning of our existence - one that is destined to go on for eternity.

References

Pennsylvania State University (Link 1)
Pennsylvania State University (Link 2)
Indiana University Bloomington (Link 1)
Colby College
Duke University
Indiana University Bloomington (Link 2)

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Does Everything Really Happen For A Reason?

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Would you believe me if I told you that a particular grilled cheese sandwich was sold for $28,000 on eBay? Well, it's true! In 2004, a sandwich reverently preserved for 10 years by a Florida woman was sold at that unbelievably high price because some viewers claimed to see an image of the Virgin Mary in the toasted bread ( Source).

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Post # 6 Red Flag: Appeal to authority (Video)

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Post # 6 Red Flag: Appeal to authority (Video)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-x7M-anEA0

Definition:
Appeal to authority includes the medical advice, wether the advice that you have heard about medication and human body is true or not.

Connection:
In this video Dr. Seema, explains the medical myths like, our heart skips a beat when we sneez, and artificial sweetness leads to dieses like canser. She gives the right resones behind those myths.

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Post #5 Red Flag: Suppression by authorities (Article)

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Post #5 Red Flag: Suppression by authorities (Article)

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https://www.vox.com/2019/9/18/20864480/area-51-secret-planes-aliens-jacobsen-interview

Definition:
Big authorities like government and organizations hide the information for their own benefit and give different reasone to the people for that information.

Connection:
In this article it is written that Area 51 located in Nevada, is the base of classified programs of the government and military. But people also talk about the aliens when they hear the word area 51. So what is this all about? ofcourse, supression by authoroties, in this case the U.S. government, and agencies like spy and military is the benifit in this example.

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You may have heard about the viral meme that could lead to people to storming Nevada's famed Area 51 later this week in order to uncover the secrets of the mysterious US Air Force base.

It's an absurd (and incredibly dangerous) idea - the Air Force has warned that it will defend the facility vigorously - but the impulse behind it is perhaps understandable. For decades, the American imagination has run wild conjuring up all sorts of conspiracy theories about what is really going on at the site.

Is it a place where the US government is hiding UFOs and aliens? Or is it just a boring military base? And if it's just a boring military base, why is the US government so obsessed with keeping everything about it a secret?

To get some answers without risking getting shot at by the US military, I called up Annie Jacobsen, author of the book Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base.

To write the book, Jacobsen interviewed over 70 people who had first-hand knowledge of the secret facility, including 32 who lived and worked at Area 51. The result is basically the most comprehensive account of the history of Area 51 you can get without a super-high-level security clearance.

If anyone had answers for me, it was her. And boy did she. But she also left me with new mysteries I hadn't even known to ask about.

Our conversation, lightly edited for length and clarity, follows.

Alex Ward

Okay, let's get right to it: What is Area 51, really?

Annie Jacobsen

Area 51 was the birthplace of overhead espionage for the CIA. It's where the U-2 spy plane was first built back in the 1950s, and it's where the intelligence community has worked with its military partners and others to work on espionage platforms.

It's also a place where all elements of the Defense Department work on some of their most classified programs along with members of the intelligence community, of which there are many.

There's also an element of Area 51 where the CIA trains its foreign paramilitary partners in counterterrorism tactics. They do this out on the wilds of Area 51 because they can bring some foreign fighters there who would otherwise not be welcomed into the country.

So the US can fly them in a plane with the windows drawn, drop them off, train them, and neither the fighters nor the American public have any idea where they were or what was going on.

Alex Ward

How important has Area 51 been to developing America's spying capabilities?

Annie Jacobsen

We would not have the kinds of incredible overhead espionage technology that we have today without the existence of Area 51. It allowed the different wings of the federal government to pursue technologies in a very large open area that they could otherwise not pursue.

The U-2 spy plane flew at 70,000 feet and 500 miles an hour. Think about how much work you would have to do to make something like that - it was this incredibly delicate plane. Pilots died out there testing it.

But it taught the powers that be that with this incredible effort of testing, you could achieve radical technologies.

Alex Ward

Why did this place become such a hotbed for spying technology and training? Is it just because it's so remote and so big?

Annie Jacobsen

When the base was founded back in the early 1950s, President Eisenhower tasked a guy named Richard Bissell from the CIA to find the most remote, most secretive place in the United States where they could work on the U-2 spy plane away from any prying eyes - Soviet or otherwise.

So Bissell smartly flew around with another CIA fellow and found the perfect fulfillment of that presidential request: a secret base centered around a dry lakebed in the middle of Nevada, located inside an already classified facility where the government was exploding nuclear weapons.

There was no way, Bissell realized, that anyone was going to try to get into this facility. Why would they want to? There were bombs going off!

Alex Ward

Everything about Area 51 screams secrecy - not just the location, but those who work there are brought into a very secretive culture in which it's extremely taboo to divulge anything. So how did the UFOs and aliens narrative come about?

Annie Jacobsen

Well, it remained obscured to the outside world until the late 1980s, when an engineer named Bob Lazar went on a local Nevada news program and stated that he had worked at Area 51 on a flying saucer that he believed had come from outer space. Bob Lazar also told the public he thought he saw an alien.

That was the moment Area 51 became a public fascination. It had been completely cloaked in secrecy before that.

And in all the decades since, interest in the site has gained momentum around two ideas: the theory that the US military has been reverse-engineering UFOs and alien technology at the site, and the truth about the base that some of the most remarkably advanced technology platforms have been created and tested out there.

Alex Ward

Why haven't any real secrets come out, though?

Annie Jacobsen

Bits and pieces of rumors would emerge over the decades, but the CIA had a very hefty disinformation and misinformation campaign going on out of Area 51.

The best example is in the 1950s when the U-2 spy plane was occasionally spotted. It basically looked like a flying cross way, way, way up high in the sky. And people would write to their Congressman and say, "I saw a UFO. Nothing flies this high." They were right in that regard. Nothing did fly that high, as far as anyone knew.

And so the CIA, as we know from declassified documents now, used that misidentification to their advantage. It let the UFO mythology evolve because it served as a useful cover for the secret base.

Alex Ward

Did the CIA propagate the aliens story, too?

Annie Jacobsen

I don't know of the CIA using the alien myth. I've never heard of it. But that's a great question; no one's actually ever asked me that.

Alex Ward

Okay, so we have this secretive testing site for overhead spy aircraft. What does this mysterious place actually look like?

Annie Jacobsen

Area 51 is part of the Nevada Test and Training Range, which is a large federal piece of property; it's roughly the size of Connecticut. Area 51 is a tiny parcel of land in that area that surrounds this dry lakebed. The exact dimensions obviously have never been reported, but you can hazard a guess based on looking at the map.

We know what happened from the 1950s through the 1970s, which was basically work on advanced aircraft for spying. But what gets very mysterious is what was going on in the 1990s and the 2000s, and certainly ever since the War on Terror.

I have absolutely no information about that. It's a jealously guarded secret, but you can be sure that whatever is being built and tested out there has evolved from the technology systems that were worked on before. We know the base is still flourishing despite people saying it's not.

The first president to state the word or phrase "Area 51" publicly was President Obama during an awards ceremony at the Kennedy Center. And when he did that, in essence, the words "Area 51" became declassified.

Alex Ward

The secrecy around Area 51 is surely what is making thousands say they want to storm that region. What will they see on the very off chance they try and succeed?

Annie Jacobsen

I couldn't even begin to speculate on whether or not anyone could get into Area 51 to see what's going on because it's fundamentally impossible. To think that the government isn't uniquely aware of everyone who goes anywhere near that facility is naive. A group of people massing anywhere near that facility is not going to happen. Local law enforcement would step in in a preemptive manner far before that happened.

Alex Ward

When people ask you to divulge some of the secrets you learned from Area 51, what do you tell them?

Annie Jacobsen

Well, first I send them to my book, of course.

Separate from that, I have interviewed scores of very smart, very highly placed government personnel who visited the base and believe the technology they saw is so advanced that they question whether or not it's manmade. That's intriguing to me. I don't report on that because there is no documentation to support that claim, but that is the opinion of many people that I know.

Alex Ward

To be clear, these are people who worked on these programs?

Annie Jacobsen

No, these are individuals who have visited the base and have been asked their expert opinion and analysis on classified programs.

Alex Ward

Just based on that, if someone were to ask you - and I guess that someone would be me - would you say with 100 percent confidence that there is no out-of-this-world technology being worked on at Area 51?

Annie Jacobsen

I report my books based on what qualified, competent, multi-sourced individuals tell me, and then I strive to back up information based on declassified documents that exist on the record. So I steer clear of reporting things that are observed but can't be verified.

Alex Ward

Fair enough, though that's fascinating to me.

What also intrigued me about what I learned from your book is that Area 51 seems like the quintessential Cold War location. Almost movie-like. It seems to have maintained that ethos, especially the drive to have the best technology and the guarded secrecy around such efforts.

Annie Jacobsen

That's a great observation on your part, and I believe speaks to the broader secrecy campaign at work in Area 51's favor. One could argue that all this business of captured UFOs from outer space and aliens is terrific chatter, right? "Look over here!" And people get to think, "Oh, Area 51 is just a Cold War relic."

My suspicion, though, is that some of the most cutting-edge science and technology programs are being tested at Area 51 today. We won't know about them for decades. But years from now the future technology that was being built there during the War on Terror will look quaint. Anachronistic. Outdated.

Alex Ward

That is my real fascination with Area 51. Yes, there's the UFOs and alien stuff, but it's possibly a very important epicenter for the future of American defense, of technological progress.

The life-or-death moments in America's future are, if not being seeded at Area 51, they're in a sense being decided there. To me, that's a great story in and of itself.

Annie Jacobsen

That was beautifully said. There's your closing paragraph. You don't need me. That was perfect.

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The secret history of Area 51, explained by an expert

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You may have heard about the viral meme that could lead to people to storming Nevada's famed Area 51 later this week in order to uncover the secrets of the mysterious US Air Force base. It's an absurd (and incredibly dangerous) idea - the Air Force has warned that it will defend the facility vigorously - but the impulse behind it is perhaps understandable.

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Post #4 Red Flag: Confirmation Bias(Video)

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Post #4 Red Flag: Confirmation Bias(Video)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kho5KvPBDSw

Definition: We first heard or saw the information, and we here or see the another information related to that old one, it might not be related but we tend to try to relate it and compare it. And we assume that whatever we saw or heard first time was the right information.

Connection:
In this video, there is a example where there is a priest and atheist and based on both of their first view to God they reacts different to the same situation.

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Post #3 Red Flag: Ancient Wisdom (Video)

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Post #3 Red Flag: Ancient Wisdom (Video)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM

Definition:
Ancient art, knoledge, people and their lifestyle. Becomes reasone to believe that ancient things were great and all ancient things were advanced.

Connection:
Mohenjo Daro, was a place but more like a civilization, used to live near Sindhu river near India roughly 4500 years ago, after the archaeologists found the proofs of the civilization, and they found that this civilization was much advanced that they were able to make the concrete house with more than one storeys at that time, they had underground suage system and many more things and arts. Compared to other civilization this was the third most oldest civilizations. And it is all described in this video.

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Indus Valley Civilization: Crash Course World History #2

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Post #2 Red Flag: Mystical Energy (Website)

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Post #2 Red Flag: Mystical Energy (Website)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orIzBpIqvqI

Definition:
The energy which includes the spiritual powers  which are not defined and not understood by anyone but everyone has knokn/witnessed/experienced such powers. This energy can be in anything, in some iteam, and in some people.

Connection:
Hanuman was the bearer of the lord Ram (the avatar of the lord Vishnu) later on people also started to follow Hanuman as a lord, there are many texts and experiences based on Hanuman's mystical energy, he was able to do many mystical things such as transformation in to any size and shape, he was able to fly, ability to become a lot heavy as well as to become light as air and ability to control any object and many more,  in this video Sadhguru describes that how Hanuman had different mystical energies and the possible reasone behind those energies, and why those powers can't b achieved today.

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Sadhguru Reveals The Secret of Lord Hanuman’s Powers | Mystics Of India | @Sadhguru

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Made by Parth Patel Student ID: 100802581, working individually