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1. Single author book
2 Single author book, more than one edition Child
3 Book with two authors Creamers
4  Book with more than three authors Black
5 Book with an editor, but no author Curren
6 Translated book Foucault,.
7 E-book Cox
8 Chapter in an edited book Cite and list by the author of the chapter

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Your references section must list all the sources that you have directly cited in your work, in alphabetical order by author’s family name (or an alternative identifier as indicated by the type of reference). The author’s initials are given after the family name. If there is more than one work by the same author, these are listed by date. Your references should be in the form of a single list, irrespective of the type of source (such as book, journal article or other media). In general, these full references also provide the title of the work, the title of the publication (if this is different), and further information including the publisher and/or location in which the source can be found. If it is a web-based source, you will need to give the URL (uniform resource locator) and the date on which you accessed the source.

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You are encouraged to refer to articles from well-respected peer-reviewed journals, which are considered the highest standard of academic publication. It is the journal title that is the publication, and thus should be in italics, not the article title. The volume and issue numbers should be given (if available), with the issue number in brackets following the volume number.

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1.Internet source with author or organisation
2.Internet source with no author
3.Internet source with author and publisher
4.Blog
5.Podcast or music video download
6.YouTube video
7.Recorded seminar
8.Newspaper article (online)  and Photograph (online)

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In the Harvard system, in-text citations consist of the author’s family name and the year of publication. Authors’ initials and forenames (given names) should not be used, unless this is essential for disambiguation. Citing is not a substitute for using quotation marks. If you use the exact words of a source, you must both give a citation and use quotation marks (or present the author’s words as a block quotation). It is not enough to simply give a citation, as your reader will not be able to distinguish between your own words and those that are from the source. (See 2.2 for further guidance.) Citations should be written in the same font as the rest of the text. Do not use bold or italics. In this section, we give examples of the most common forms of in-text citation.

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Step 4  University of Nottingham course materials (including Moodle) 

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Step 4  University of Nottingham course materials (including Moodle) 

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When you reference University of Nottingham teaching materials, whether materials in Moodle, handouts or lecture slides, you should use the author and date format. If the item you are referencing has a named author, use that author’s name in your reference as you would for any other item. If not, use The University of Nottingham as the author. If you want to refer to sources cited in Moodle, or to use quotations that are in Moodle, you must reference these following the conventions for secondary citations/references

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Using 3 Authors:

The first time the citation is used, all three authors need to be identified, then subsequently list only the first author and use the abbreviation ‘et al.’ meaning ‘and others’. Please ensure you include the full stop after ‘et al.’

1st time of use:

Lister, Hofland and Grafton (2020) explore a wide range of clinical nursing procedures.

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Citations - Two Authors

Stein and Hollen (2020) has produced an excellent guide to developing your clinical skills knowledge.

OR

Understanding the process is an essential component in developing nursing skills (Stein and Hollen, 2020).

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Citations - Single author

In-text Example

Holland (2018) discusses mood stabilising medications …

OR

In her recent guide, Holland (2018) explored the pharmacokinetics of mood stabilising medications …

OR

A patient's mood can be supported with medications (Holland, 2018).

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Referencing provides an ability to quickly refer back to the source of the literature you are using to write about your topic. If you need to refresh your knowledge of what and why you need to use references, then please click on the two podcasts to hear a brief explanation.

There are a few general rules to consider in using citations and references. In citations, there is a need to cite the author(s) and the year of publication, whilst the reference list provides the ability for the reader to locate the source of the reference.