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Dred Scott fled to Illinois. He wanted to be regarded a free man when he returned to Missouri. According to the Supreme Court, all former states and children of former slaves were not considered citizens, and as a result, they were denied rights.

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The 13th Amendment had abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

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The 14th amendment gave citizenship and equal rights to people of color and slaved people.

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The 15th amendment had given African Americans the right to vote.

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Jim crow laws had enforced racial segregation.

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The US Supreme Court ruled that the segregation laws does not violate the constitution.

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It had given the women the right to vote.

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The court had ruled that the US state laws establishing racial segregation in pubic schools are unconstitutional.

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The first nine African American students attended a white school.

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This act had prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, etc.

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Affirmative action refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to include particular groups based on their gender, race, sexuality, creed or nationality in areas in which they are underrepresented such as education and employment.

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Prevented African Americans from allowing their right to vote.

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Bakke v. Regents of University of California

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Bakke v. Regents of University of California

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Kept affirmative action, race had started to be a factor in college admission policy.

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Protected pregnant women by allowing them to get an abortion without many restrictions.