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A child born in the US is 3 times more likely to die in their first year than in Finland & Japan and 2 times more likely to die than a baby born in Spain or Korea

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One study looking at the chromosomal markers for aging found that middle-aged African-American women on average appear 7.5 older than their white counterparts.

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Children of low-income families have much higher mortality rates in the U.S. than children of high-income families.

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The authors of this article are inviting others to broaden their view on improving birth outcomes. As it is, we are mainly looking at supporting birth during the prenatal and neonatal stages of childbirth. The authors offer recommendations to expand our perspective across the life course.

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There is a lack of comprehensive infant and mother care in the U.S at all stages of pregnancy prenatal, natal, and post-natal. The article notes however when babies are born in the hospitals and while they are in hospitals the mortality rates align with most nations around the world. The rates increase after the baby leaves hospital care.

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Differences arise after infants are sent home 

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Differences arise after infants are sent home 

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Mortality rates in the first few weeks of life are similar in the U.S., Finland and Austria. But the differences arise after the infants are sent home. Poor American families have considerably less access to quality healthcare than their wealthier coutnerparts

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Great Care at Child Birth, but what happens after leaving the hopsital?

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Great Care at Child Birth, but what happens after leaving the hopsital?

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Although the United States has extremely good care for infants at birth while in the hospital, what makes the difference in mortality rates between the US and other countries is that infants are sent home. This affects low-income families who have less access to quality care and resources. This also ties in with maternity and paternity leave, and the importance of parents being close with their infant after birth.

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To address the social determinants that occur throughout the life course (and are the cause of the disparities within birth outcomes), the authors encourage more collaboration and interdisciplinary work across multiple sectors. Looking at the entire life course is far too complex for only one agency to look at, so this collaboration is needed to improve the current state of birth outcomes.
- Health care
- Education
- Economic
- Community development

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Although we have some of the best neo-natal care in the world, its when the child is sent home that their odds of living past their first birthday are significantly diminished. Despite the US being the wealthiest nation in the world, we have such drastic income inequality that poor families’ children are at risk once they leave the hospital

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Middle and high schools are responsible for students' sex and hygiene education. Teenagers need to have some relevant knowledge and access to healthcare.

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As we've discussed in this class, the U.S. lacks comprehensive parental leave which can be linked to parents not being able to be with their children after leaving the hospital and in those vital first weeks. The article notes that this is part of the issue in infant mortality.

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One-third of Black women have said they have been discriminated against because of their race when going to a doctor or health clinic. Because of this, often their symptoms and concerns are ignored by their providers causing detrimental effects to their health.

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Wealthy families in the US actually have similar infant mortality rates as the families in other countries like Finland. The high mortality rate is pretty much entirely because of the high mortality rates of the less advantaged groups. These families have much less access to healthcare than wealthier families.

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The perinatal health system needs to be restructured so that medical institutions, health care providers, and community members collaborate more with each other to decrease infant mortality, as it's one (of multiple) ways to keep health professionals accountable of their practices and to eliminate the social causes of infant mortality.

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Dr. Geronimus talked about a metaphor she related to her term weathering, being the game Jenga. As chronic stressors chip away at the actual genes, it changes the way the DNA is read, like a piece is being taken from the Jenga tower to then try to stabilize.

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Healthcare spending levels are high, but infant mortality rates are too

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Healthcare spending levels are high, but infant mortality rates are too

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Healthcare spending levels in the U.S. are significantly higher than any other country in the world, but a baby born in the U.S. is less likely to see his first birthday than one born in Hungary, Poland, or Slovakia.

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There is an emphasis that we should shift away from solely prenatal care as the primary way to support birth outcomes. Making sure we improve the health of girls and women before pregnancy is essential too. The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) played a big role in this as it provided millions of women access to health care.

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Ingraham: Infant mortality in the US is so much higher than in other countries, and especially state to state. Our post-neonatal mortality rates are higher than neonatal mortality rates because we have such poor care after birth. The Affordable Care Act provided evidence that the mortality rate was too high, and Obamacare provided services that gave postnatal care. Also, babies that were born to wealthier families are more likely to survive their first year than low-income families due to better access to healthcare. - NPR Podcast: Talked about code-switching — the way you act among different groups of people. A woman died after childbirth because of inadequate care, which drives home the point that women of color don’t receive very good healthcare. - Lu & Johnson:

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Ingraham: Infant mortality in the US is so much higher than in other countries, and especially state to state. Our post-neonatal mortality rates are higher than neonatal mortality rates because we have such poor care after birth. The Affordable Care Act provided evidence that the mortality rate was too high, and Obamacare provided services that gave postnatal care. Also, babies that were born to wealthier families are more likely to survive their first year than low-income families due to better access to healthcare. - NPR Podcast: Talked about code-switching — the way you act among different groups of people. A woman died after childbirth because of inadequate care, which drives home the point that women of color don’t receive very good healthcare. - Lu & Johnson: