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Discover quality learning resources about Ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa | The New Zealand Wars. There's information on the campaigns and the long-lasting impact on Māori. Find historical Māori and Pākehā primary sources, contemporary articles, and more.

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'The War Council. June 1864' by Gustavus Ferdinand von Tempsky. Ref: A-159-047 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

Whatungarongaro te tangata toitū te whenua.
As man disappears from sight, the land remains.

Images on this page
Images on this page

New Zealand Wars: General resources and legacy: New Zealand Land Wars petition presentation at Parliament by Dylan Owen. Ref: PADL-001758 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

Wairau Affray 1843: 'Wairau April 1851' by Charles Gold. Ref: A-329-014 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

Northern War 1845-1846: 'View of the Left Angle of Heke's Pah at Ohaiawai That Was Stormed on the 1st July, 1845, From a Breastwork Adjoining Our Right Battery' by Cyprian Bridge. Ref: A-079-005 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

War in Wellington and Whanganui 1845-1847: 'Fight at Battle Hill. Last Stand of Rangihaeata. Horokiwi 1846. Lieut. Page, 58th Regt' by George Page. Ref: B-081-001 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

War in Taranaki 1860-1861 and 1864-1866: 'Encampment of Chute's Forces Near Te Putahi Pa, on the Whenuakura River, 7 January 1866' by Gustavus von Tempsky. Ref: A-198-008 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

War in the Waikato 1863-1865: 'Tu Kaitote, the Pah of Te Wherowhero on the Waikato, Taupiri Mountain in the Distance' by George French Angas. Ref: PUBL-0014-15 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

War in Tauranga 1864: 'Surrender of the Ngaiterangi at Te Papa - Coming In With Arms' by Horatio Gordon Robley. Ref: A-033-010 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

The story of Te Kooti 1868-1873: Banner possibly used by Te Kooti. Ref: WHAT 190, Box 15 Archives New Zealand on Flickr. CC BY 2.0.

The story of Tītokowaru 1868-1869: 'The Death of von Tempsky' by Kennett Watkins. Ref: D-016-013 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

The story of Rua Kenana 1916: Rua Kenana Hepetipa, with some of his household and visitors, at Maai, Maungapohatu by an unknown photographer. Ref: PAColl-6001-41 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved.

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Whatungarongaro te tangata toitū te whenua. As man disappears from sight, the land remains. Images on this page New Zealand Wars: General resources and legacy: New Zealand Land Wars petition presentation at Parliament by Dylan Owen. Ref: PADL-001758 Alexander Turnbull Library. Some rights reserved. Wairau Affray 1843: 'Wairau April 1851' by Charles Gold.

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New Zealand Wars Te Ara

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The New Zealand Wars - Best place to start for resources from Many Answers

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From the Aotearoa history show- RNZ podcast

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In part five, Governor George Grey send troops south from Auckland, invading the Waikato. But Kingitanga fight back and a new phase of warfare begins in New Zealand that would see thousands of lives lost.

Topics covered

The relationship between Waikato Māori and Pākehā colonists.

The foundation of the Kiingitanga Movement.

The Hutt War and the First Taranaki War.

The Waikato War, including the Battle of Rangiaowhia and the siege of Ōrākau.

Gate Pā and the Tauranga War.

Frustrations of the British Authorities with Governor Grey's actions in NZ.

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Recent stories from The Aotearoa History Show

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Hunger for land and the rise of Kingitanga prompted Governor George Grey to invade Waikato in 1863. Fighting spread over years and into the Bay of Plenty, devastating Maori. But it was not as one-sided as the British had expected.

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From the Aotearoa history show-RNZ podcast

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In part six, religious movements such as Pai Mārire & Ringatū arise to oppose settler expansion. While British troops withdraw, local militia take up the fight and we see atrocities committed by all sides.
Or WATCH a video version of the show!
Topics covered

Te Ua Haumene and the rise of Pai Mārire

Māori and Pākehā perceptions of Pai Mārire.

The rise of Pai Mārire on the East Coast, including the execution of Carl Völkner.

The wars on the East Coast and Taranaki involving Pai Mārire followers.

The exile of Te Kooti, foundation of the Ringatū Church and his guerilla campaign in the North Island.

Tītokowaru, his attempts at peace and his success as a war leader.

The departure of British troops, increasing government reliance on settler militia and kūpapa Māori.

Atrocities committed during the later years of the NZ Wars.

Confiscation and the long-term effects of the NZ Wars.

To embed this content on your own webpage, cut and paste the following:

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Recent stories from The Aotearoa History Show

Subscribe to The Aotearoa History Show

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In part six, religious movements such as Pai Mārire & Ringatū arise to oppose settler expansion. While British troops withdraw, local militia take up the fight and we see atrocities committed by all sides. Or WATCH a video version of the show!

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New Zealand | NZ History

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The New Zealand wars  - A site dedicated to the history of Aotearoa.

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The New Zealand wars  - A site dedicated to the history of Aotearoa.

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The New Zealand wars  - A site dedicated to the history of Aotearoa

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Hōne Heke (Hōne Wiremu Heke Pōkai) was a Māori leader from the Ngāpuhi tribe, born in the early 1800s in the far north of New Zealand Aotearoa.

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General websites

Although he was an important figure in New Zealand history, there isn't much information available about Hōne Heke. These websites are some of the best online places to find information about his story.

This is a great website for information about the history of New Zealand Aotearoa. If you scroll all the way down the page you can see that it belongs to Manatū Taonga - the Ministry for Culture & Heritage .

Type 'Hōne Heke' into the search bar to find a brief biography on Hōne Heke.

Other resources from NZHistory that are useful to explore for this topic include a Timeline of Treaty Events (including what led to the flagpole being chopped down) and articles on The Northern War.

Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Te Ara is another excellent starting point for all sorts of questions about New Zealand Aotearoa.

For in-depth information on Hōne Heke's life, choose the Biographies tab on the main page.

Then, select H and scroll down to find Hōne Heke's biography.

Tips: We like sites like this because they're reliable. You can tell because of their web address - they have either .govt or .ac, meaning they are from government or educational organisations. They're also New Zealand sites, so relevant for us.
New Zealand Electronic Text Collection
Victoria University of Wellington looks after this website which has information on early New Zealand history.

Owned by the Te Ruapekapeka Trust and the Department of Conservation (DOC), this site had some useful information on Hōne Heke and his involvement in the battle of Ruapekapeke, one of the battles of the Northern Wars fought between the British and Māori.

Scroll down the page to Cast of Characters.

Select Hōne Heke to read about this Ngāpuhi warrior chief.

Images and documentaries

There are not many pictures or images of Hōne Heke available because he lived a long time ago, but here are some good places to look. There are also some documentaries that include stories and information about Hōne Heke's life.

DigitalNZ is a good place to search for images because it links to several of the most important museums, libraries and art galleries in New Zealand.

Make sure that you enter his full name into the search box (Hone Wiremu Heke Pokai) as there is a relation with a very similar name who became a politician in later years.

One interesting image is the drawing of Owharawai Pa of Hone Heke.

Tips: Websites that have .org or .net in the address can have good information, but you need to assess how reliable it is. Check the link on this website. That can tell you what the organisation's mission and values are.

The site has a short video about one of the Māori fortifications that played a role in the Northern War, you can watch it here: Ruapekapeka - roadside stories.

NZOnScreen has New Zealand film and television videos from the past, right up to the present day.

Search for 'Hōne Heke'.

Watch the TV series The New Zealand Wars. This TV series is about the armed conflict between Māori and Europeans from the time of the Treaty of Waitangi, and includes stories about Hōne Heke,

Find other documentaries that mention Hōne Heke.

Tips: Websites that have .com or .co in the address can have good information, but you need to assess how reliable it is. Check the link on this website. That can tell you what the company's mission and values are.

Books

There aren't many books written specifically about Hōne Heke but you might be able to borrow these titles through your school or local public library:

Another option is to look for books on the New Zealand Wars in general, for example:

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Although he was an important figure in New Zealand history, there isn't much information available about Hōne Heke. These websites are some of the best online places to find information about his story. This is a great website for information about the history of New Zealand Aotearoa.

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Topic Explorer - New Zealand Wars | Ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa: General resources and legacy

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This topic includes general resources relating to the New Zealand Wars | Ngā Pakanga o Aotearoa and their lasting impact on Aotearoa New Zealand. SCIS no. 1966500