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verity, ellie, megan, alice, jade, kelly

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Power point presentation

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by caitlin, jola, musa and florence

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presentation slides for Sertraline

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By: Sintia, Yemi, Rhoda, Aisoso and Louise

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By: Chelsea, Doreen , Kirsty, Charlotte and Ngozi

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Furosemide

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Activity 4Demonstrate your understanding of the excretion and half-life of Pregabalin drug.•	Pregabalin is administered orally and is for adult use, initially 150mg daily in 2-3 divided doses then increased if necessary to 300mg daily in 2-3 divided doses (BNF, 20019).•	Excretion is transferring drug from internal to external environment.•	Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine•	Less than 2% of Pregabalin is metabolized and is virtually unchanged in the urine•	Climax is attained within 1.5 hours after single or multiple doses•	The half-life of the drug is the time it takes for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak achieved previously.•	Half life of Pregabalin is 6.3 hours.

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Activity 4Demonstrate your understanding of the excretion and half-life of Pregabalin drug.•	Pregabalin is administered orally and is for adult use, initially 150mg daily in 2-3 divided doses then increased if necessary to 300mg daily in 2-3 divided doses (BNF, 20019).•	Excretion is transferring drug from internal to external environment.•	Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine•	Less than 2% of Pregabalin is metabolized and is virtually unchanged in the urine•	Climax is attained within 1.5 hours after single or multiple doses•	The half-life of the drug is the time it takes for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak achieved previously.•	Half life of Pregabalin is 6.3 hours.

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Activity 1

·         Patient may no longer need the medication

·         Not taken correctly

·         Improve medicine safety

·         Check what you have before ordering more

·         Being reviewed regularly

Activity 2

·         Polypharmacy is most common in elderly patient to many co-morbidities

·         It can also happen when patients get dependant on medication, for example, using an opioid regular for pain

Activity 1

Common reactions to medication include:

·         Cough

·         Nausea

·         Diarrhoea

·         Headaches

Acceptable side effects include:

·         Dizziness

·         Nausea

·         Heartburn

·         Fatigue

·         Constipation

·         Bloating

·         Stomach upset

·         Skin irritation

Nurses role

·         Giving medication to reverse the side effect

·         Managing side effects

·         Educate the patient around what to look for if they are experiencing a side effect

Patient vomiting

Activity 2

·         Administer an anti-emetic if prescribed

·         Monitor and change medication if necessary

Activity 1

Symptoms of anaptyxis:

·         Difficulty breathing

·         Affects the heart rhythm or blood pressure

Activity 2

Airway- persistent cough, vocal changes (hoarse voice), difficulty in swallowing, swollen tongue

Breathing- difficult or noisy breathing, wheezing (like an asthma attack)

Circulation- feeling lightheaded or faint, clammy skin, confusion, unresponsive/unconscious due to drop in blood pressure.

Disability- impending doom, anxiety, and panic

Exposure- skin changes, rashes and swelling

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1: not using a syringe to draw up liquid medication. Not checking cannula before prepping IVs.
2: pt with long term conditions usually on multiple meds.
3): consider if DNs can support pt and family to explain medication to assist in taking meds, get a blister pack, ask for review of meds

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Polypharmacy presentation

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Identify and discuss the factors that affect the distribution of your chosen drug?

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Identify and discuss the factors that affect the distribution of your chosen drug?

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Nitro glycerine is lipophilic in nature (Dissolve in lipids or fats) and it is rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed

·  Distribution in fat: Evidence shows that it is highly lipophilic, so it is probably localised in the fat, and the distribution of drug in fat is very essential for highly lipid soluble drugs such as nitro-glycerine. For this reason, it becomes a factor that affect the distribution of the drug in the body. E.g. the effect of nitro-glycerine has a quick effect in the body but comes down because the drug is distributed to fat and no longer active. This is also called redistribution of drugs

· Because it undergoes an extensive first pass metabolism in the liver, therapeutic levels in the plasma are never achieved (Therapeutic range is the levels of the drug in the blood). Also, this is supported by some clinical studies done on animals such as rats.

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Activity 2 pregabalin Dosage of pregabalin is normally 150 milligrams – 300 milligrams per day spread BD or TDS doses.Route = POMetabolism occurs in the liver.Pregabalin is rapidly absorbed when taken on an empty stomach, this will make the peak plasma concentration take affect within an hour. If food is taken with pregabalin the process of peak plasma concentration decreases to around 3 hours.Administration with food has no proven significant effect on the extent of absorption 

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Activity 2 pregabalin Dosage of pregabalin is normally 150 milligrams – 300 milligrams per day spread BD or TDS doses.Route = POMetabolism occurs in the liver.Pregabalin is rapidly absorbed when taken on an empty stomach, this will make the peak plasma concentration take affect within an hour. If food is taken with pregabalin the process of peak plasma concentration decreases to around 3 hours.Administration with food has no proven significant effect on the extent of absorption 

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Discuss and explain your understanding of the metabolism of pregabalin.

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Discuss and explain your understanding of the metabolism of pregabalin.

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Pregabalin undergoes negligible metabolism in humans (<2% metabolism) and is excreted virtually unchanged by the kidneys. Pregabalin does not bind to plasma proteins. It also is not subject to hepatic metabolism and does not induce or inhibit liver enzymes such as the cytochrome P450 system. Pregabalin is almost exclusively eliminated in the urine.

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ROA Methadone

Oral methadone is the most common way of administering by using tablets, soluble tablets, and oral solutions. However, some patient may not be able to tolerate oral methadone.

Methadone can also be given rectal (PR) to the patient as an alternative to intravenous (IV) or oral in cancer pain. Giving Methadone PR is quickly absorbed and long lasting.

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Sertratline is metabolised in the liver by demethylation to an inactive metabolite. It undergoes N-demethylation to form N- desmethylsetratline, which is less potent in its pharmacological activity than sertratline.
In the blood, it is 98.5% bound to plasma and has half life of 25 to 26 hours.

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Methadone Bioavailability

Methadone has a Bioavailability of about 80%. However, it varies interdividually, an interdividual variation ranges  from 41% to 95%. For  oral intake it ranges from 41% to 99%, intravenous 100% and 15% to 20% subcutaneously.

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Excretion of Setraline
•	Pharmacokinetics is a part of pharmacology that deals with what the body does to a drug in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
•	Setraline is  to treat recurrence of major depressive episodes such as( panic disorder, anxiety)
•	Each tablet is film coated and it contains 50mg of setraline hydrochloride that is administered orally.
•	About 12-14% of unchanged setraline is excreted when it is metabolised by the kidney.
•	 Another method of elimination is its metabolic pathway to form ketone and alcohol in the body.
•	The elimination half-life of setraline is almost 26hours and it is excreted as faeces renally.
•	Its excretion as a urine is a minor route of elimination.

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Lipitor - metabolism

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Methadone is administrated to relief chronic and acute pain, to reverse an opioid addiction and to reduce HIV/ AIDS, Tuberculosis and Hepatitis C.

Considering The First Pass Effect is the metabolisation of a drug which is absorbed in the GI tract being brake down in the liver and transported to the vascular system through the vein into the body, this means 1/3 of the drug is lost in the liver and the body wont experience the full effect of the drug.

Methadone has an extensive first pass metabolism as it is a lipid soluble opioid absorbed from the GI tract, bound to albumin and other plasma proteins and to lipoproteins resulting in a higher concentration in the lung, liver and kidneys than in the blood = slow transfer between some parts of this tissue reservoir and the plasma.

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- It is heavily metabolised in the liver and has  one major active metabolite.
- It is highly bound to serum proteins at about 98% - 99%.
- It undergoes N- demethylation to form N- desmethylserttraline , which is less potent in its pharmacological activity than sertraline.

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Paulo Scalioni

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Shabna Basha (Module Tutor)

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ACTIVITY 1: how medication is NOT used effectively in the NHS - Poorly stored in cabinets and disorganised in nurses trolley. 

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ACTIVITY 1: how medication is NOT used effectively in the NHS - Poorly stored in cabinets and disorganised in nurses trolley. 

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ACTIVITY 2: •Can you give some examples you have seen in practice of patient groups where polypharmacy may apply - Most elderly patients that I have encountered take multiple medications, then adding abx they will have gi problems and be prescribed omeprazole which will add to medication list. As patient has more health problems more medications are given and increase risk of medications acting against each other.

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Thank you Louise and Amy Crompton for your feedback.

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Thank you Louise and Amy Crompton for your feedback.

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Shabna Basha (Module Tutor)

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Louise Crook

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10th June - activities from todays powerpoint

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10th June - activities from todays powerpoint

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not taking medications.... fear, beliefs, culture,  thinking they dont need it anymore, influence from friends/family eg i only take 2 tablets a day, it works for me so you try taking 2

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not taking medications.... fear, beliefs, culture,  thinking they dont need it anymore, influence from friends/family eg i only take 2 tablets a day, it works for me so you try taking 2

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Hi Janet, We will discuss this in our Zoom Classroom-Shabna (05/06/2020)

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Hi Janet, We will discuss this in our Zoom Classroom-Shabna (05/06/2020)

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Hi Amy Crompton, Thank you for sharing your work -Shabna 

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Hi Amy Crompton, Thank you for sharing your work -Shabna 

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(05/06/2020)

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Drug calculation
Volume to administration   I do not know how they got answer as 2. Any help.

Question:
your patient is prescribed drug A 100mg IV. The 2 ml ampules available  contain 40mg/ml.
a)How many vials would you need
b) How many ampules would you need and how much waste would there be using 2ml ampules
Janet Turigye

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Formula/Calculation Help for others that i have quickly put together.. hope it helps some of you x

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Formula/Calculation Help for others that i have quickly put together.. hope it helps some of you x

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Achieving Concordance in Meds Managment:

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Achieving Concordance in Meds Managment:

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Week 2 - feedback for activities here - click on the + symbol to add your post. 

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Week 2 - feedback for activities here - click on the + symbol to add your post. 

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This padlet is for all students to share, discuss and feedback activities and learning in relation to medicines management NRS5006 

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This padlet is for all students to share, discuss and feedback activities and learning in relation to medicines management NRS5006 