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-dogs have emotional connections with their owners and emotional rewards

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I CAN... understand the 5 schedules of reinforcements(11/10)

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I CAN... understand the 5 schedules of reinforcements(11/10)

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FIXED VS VARIABLE
RATIO VS INTERVAL
-fixed ratio: giving a candy every time she picks up her toys(she is getting continuous positive reinforcement every time)
-fixed interval: receiving a paycheck the last day of the month every month( you receive a positive reinforcement based on time, not behavior)
-variable interval: checking the phone for messages because you don't know when you will receive one or how often
-variable ratio: winning the jackpot on the slot machine(you have to play to win but you never know when you will win so you keep repeating the behavior until you finally get the prize/ reinforcement)unpredictable

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I CAN... analyze bandura & seligman(11/9)

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I CAN... analyze bandura & seligman(11/9)

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SELIGMAN
-classical conditioning
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
- the dogs associated being shocked with trying to escape so they thought it was inescapable
- one group of dogs learned to press a button to escape and the other dog had to rely on this dog
- when told to escape these dogs didn't even try and escape, accepting the shocks, they learned to become helpless which lead to depression
BANDURA
- he was testing if kids will become more violent if their role model displays violent behavior
-are girls or boys more violent?
-4 rooms one with a violent or a nonviolent member of each sex
-boys mimicked male role models more and appeared to be more violent

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I CAN... understand Pavlov research study(11/4

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I CAN... understand Pavlov research study(11/4

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PAVLOV
-started out as a pysiologist trying to study salivation and digestion
classical conditioning
Pavlov created an association between a sight or a sound with food causing the dogs to salivate by just hearing these sounds or seeing certain things. He did this by playing the sound or having the object rotate right before feeding the dog.
*saliva is the unconditioned response
*the sights and sounds are neutral stimulus that after association become conditioned stimulus

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I CAN... understand Watson & Garcia research studies(11/3

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I CAN... understand Watson & Garcia research studies(11/3

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GARCIA
(pavlov, ervin, locke)
- gave rats a saccharin to drink, he then gave some an x-irradiation to make them nauseous. 3 days later he gave them the solution again to see how they react to it
-those that had nausea before associated the solution with it so they didn't drink it(even though it wasn't really from the solution)
-it wasn't ethical because they harmed the rats, they shocked them and made them nauseous which wasn't justified because this isn't an important enough study.
*taste aversion
- chemotherapy patients associate flavors after treatment negatively
-instinctive readiness to learn
-learning to speak(innate) vs. learning to read(acquired)
*CS+UCS= UCR
WATSON
-little Albert: classical conditioning
-disprove the assumption that fears are caused by Freud"s psychoanalytical perspective (unconscious)
-Albert was presented with a rat and when he tried to touch it a loud noise went off so Albert associated the rat with that noise so he stopped trying to touch the rat because he was scared of the noise(generalization)
-Is fear taught or learned????
-results: fears can be learned and conditioned, after a month Albert still showed fear
- not ethical because Albert was emotionally harmed and never told him the truth/reconditioned him. no assent or conformed consent.
-conditioning can have positive and negative impacts
conditioning(aquistion: paring the unconditioned and conditioned stimulus)-1st extinction- rest period(spontaneous recovery)- second extinction
UCS= animals
UCR=fear from loud noise
CS= loud noise
CR= fear/ crying of animal
UCS=UCR
CS+UCS=UCR
CS=CR

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I CAN... understand Thorndike & Skinner's research studies(11/2

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I CAN... understand Thorndike & Skinner's research studies(11/2

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Edward Lee Thorndike William James Rober
PUZZLE BOX
-purpose: how long it takes to distinguish how fast animals learn to escape(gradual increase or decrease in latency)
*operant conditioning
-thorndike put a cat in a box and he has a string that if a cat pushed a certain button it would be allowed to escape. He measured how long it took for the animal to escape; it was a gradual latency
-to reinforce this procedure the animal got a prize when it exited the box
-latent learning:
-response is gradually strengthened by reward, weakened by negative response (law of effect)
- law of exercise: the more often the response occurs the greater the connection
-ethical because ethical the animal had good lab conditions, it was rewarded, and it had food and water
-impacts= contributed to connnectionism (neural networks), training/ incentives. introduce the idea of shaping
SKINNER BOX
-purpose: study animal behavior, and reinforce good behavior(how long it takes for the animal to realize how to get out)
-box= operant chamber(response to be made and means to deliver reinforcement
-operant conditioning(constant reinforcement)
-after response they had a better influence on the rate of occurrence
-operant conditioning: reinforcement strengthens response
-schedule reinforcement: reinforcement is only allowed some of the time(fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable interval, multiple schedules)
-Skinner wrote a book
- ethics: no animals were harmed physically and mentally
- used to help autistic and mentally disturbed people talk(any unwanted habits like smoking)

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The one behavior I cannot stand is chewing your gum with your mouth open so that everyone can hear it. To get someone to stop doing this mention it to them and if they don't stop every time they start to chew loudly with their mouth open they have to spit the gum out and cannot have anymore for the rest of the day.

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I CAN... apply behavior modification (10/31)

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I CAN... apply behavior modification (10/31)

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*shaping- get them to try different things to try and change their behavior
-the reward has to be relevant and beneficial to the subject
*trial and error: if at first you don't succeed try again
*operant conditioning: behaviors have consequences
*classical conditioning: associative learning(stimulus= reaction
*observational learning: model the behavior you want from them
NEGATIVE
-subtract
-negative punishment: decrease behavior
-negative reinforcement: take away something bad to increase behavior
POSITIVE
- add
- positive punishment: decrease behavior
-positive reinforcement: increase behavior