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Short lighting is short lighting puts the side turned towards the camera in more shadow.

The subject is facing the light source.

You use short lighting for low key or darker portraits. It sculpts the subject's face more and add 3D dimension to it.

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Broad lighting is when the subject’s face is slightly turned away from centre, and the side of the face which is toward the camera (is broader) is in the light.

Light source is when the subject's face is turned away from the light source.

You use broad lighting to make the subject's face broader or wider and can be used on someone with a very slim face to widen it.

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Butterfly lighting is the technique that creates butterfly-shaped shadow that forms underneath the subject's nose.

Light source is by having the light source directly behind the camera and slightly above eye or head level of the subject (depends on the person).

You use butterfly lighting to ensure the subject is well-lit in a pleasing manner.

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Rembrandt lighting is identified by the triangle of light on the cheek.

Light source must be above the top of their head so that the shadow from their nose falls down towards the cheek.

You use rembrandt lighting to create a soft triangle shadow to the face.

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Loop lighting is when a loop-shaped shadow is created under the nose of the subject.

Light source is must be slightly higher than eye level and about 30-45 degrees from the camera.

You use loop lighting to flatter the facial features.

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Split lighting is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait.

Light source is placed at about a 90 degree angle from left or right the subject.

You use split lighting to add a dramatic feel to the picture. Usually, this technique is used for males and is not flattering to the female features.