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"Fast Facts about Mental Illness." Canadian Mental Health Association. Bell, n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2017.

Brett and Kate McKay. "Leashing the Black Dog: The History of Depression." Art of manliness. N.p., 15 Mar. 2015. Web. 17 Jan. 2017.

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"What is depression." Public Health Agency Of Canada, 30 Dec. 2016. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.

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"Types of treatment available for depression." Beyondblue. Beyond Blue Ltd, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.

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It is estimated that 5% male youth and 12% female youth in Canada have experienced major depression. It's affecting about 3.2 millions of Canadians aged 12-19. Canada's youth suicide rate is the third highest in industrialized countries.
Only 1 out of 5 who needs help is receiving the mental health service that's required.

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The risk of recurrence for depression is very high. Also when it returns, it tends to be worse than previous episodes. This is often caused by the patient stop medication, or going to psychotherapy and group sessions after thinking they've been cured. To avoid recurrence, consecutive treatments needs to be followed.

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Psychological treatment (talking therapies)

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT):
based on the belief the way we think and act will affect the way we feel, ultimately cause depression.
helping the patient by identifying bad thought and behavior patterns, and correcting them
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT):
relationship problems can effect and even be the cause of depression. this therapy works by improving relationships.

Medical treatment

Medication such as mood stabilizers, anti-psychotic drugs and antidepressants are given to patients with more severe depression that can not be simply cured by talking therapies.

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Depression is usually diagnosed by the doctor asking the patient specific questions and doing a physical exam. Blood tests may also be done to check for any medical condition that will cause depressive symptoms.

sample question:

How often have you been bothered that you have little interest or pleasure in doing things over the last two weeks?

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-Loss of interest in or enjoyment of one’s favourite activities

-Feelings of worthlessness

-Excessive or inappropriate feelings of guilt

-Thoughts of death or suicide

-Trouble making decisions

-Trouble concentrating

-Feelings of irritability

-Fatigue or lack of energy

-Aches and pains (such as headaches, stomach pain, joint -pains or other pains)

-Sleeping too much or too little

-Change in appetite or weight

-Feelings of restlessness or being slowed down

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Biological factors:

imbalanced neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord.

Psychological factors:

The way one person think about life and view the world have a large effect on how he's experiences in life.

Environmental factors:

-Loss: death of love ones, financial difficulties, job loss.
-social isolation
-relationship conflicts
-health issues

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According to Statistics Canada's 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) on Mental Health, 5.4% Canadians aged 15 years and over reported symptoms that met the criteria for a mood disorder. One in 8 adults (12.6%) identified symptoms that met the criteria for a mood disorder at some point during their lifetime.

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Depression effects all ages, educational and income levels, and cultures. Women are more likely to have mood disorders than men. Approximately 8% of adults will experience major depression at some time in their lives.

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Depression was initially called melancholia. The first accounts for melancholia was found in ancient Mesopotamian texts in the second millennium B.C. In the early understandings of depression (around 400s BC) , depression was often thought to be caused when someone is taken over by the demons; cruel treatment such as beatings, restraint and starvation were used.

A Greek physician called Hippocrates believed that mental illness is caused by imbalanced body fluids called humours. There were many arguments on the cause of depression by the physicians around the world.

In 1917, Sigmund Freud explained depression as result of the loss: a person's unconscious anger over loss weakened the ego, which resulted in self-hate and self-destructive behavior.

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Depression, also known as major depression disorder (MDD), is a mental disorder that can be characterized by low moods. It's often accompanied by low self esteem, loss of interest and pain. The person can feel sad, helpless, hopeless, anxious, angry and ashamed