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Q1. Is there a lack of clean water?if so how does this affect your every day life?

Q2. How do you purify water? what materials do you use, and are they easily obtained?

Q3. How and where do you obtain your water from?is it good quality?

Q4. Is there a limit to the amount of water each family gets or water rationing?

Q5. What is the quality of the water you obtain?is it safe for drinking?

Q6. What do you use the water for?how would you limit the amount of water used if there is a case of water rationing?

Q7. What are the difficulties you face in obtaining clean water?how do you solve it?

Q8. What difficulties do you face when there is lack of clean water and no water rationing?

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Materials Needed:
Banana peel
Bottle
Coffee FIlter

Proedure:
Step 1: Mince the banana peel into small pieces (it is to increase the surface area)

Step 2: Place the minced banana peel into a bottle containing the dirty water

Step 3: Wait for an hour before pouring the bottle's contents out and filter it with a coffee filter to remove the banana peel and other small substances from the water

Scientific Explanation:
Banana peels contains atoms of nitrogen, surfer and organic compounds such as carboxylic acids. These acids are charged such that their negatively charged electrons pair are exposed, allowing them to bind with metals in the water that usually have a positive charge, therefore removing harmful metals from the water effectively.

Possible Difficulties:
-Mincing of Banana peel in class would be messy
-Time constraints as banana peel needs to soak in the contaminated water for a long period of time
-Results may not be very accurate

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Materials used :bowl, cup,  plastic wrap, rubber band, small weight (e.g.stone)

Find a hot place set up

Procedure on how to build the system :Fill bowl with water place cup in the middle of the bowl.

Cover the bowl with the plastic wrap and with the rubber band wrap the ends of the plastic wraps.

Place the stone in the middle of the plastic wrap

Leave it outside and come back later

You will find clean drinkable water in the cup

Scientific principle(s) behind how the system works: similar to the earth’s water cycle but downsized. The water from the bowl gains heat and evaporates leaving behind the dirty materials heavier than water.the evaporated water known as water vapour comes into contact with the plastic it condenses and turns into water droplets.due to gravity the droplet goes to the middle due to the stone and drops into the cup. This process contines and the water in the cup is drinkable

Possible difficulties in constructing the system in class :

Important factor that can’t be controlled is the weather

Takes very long

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Distillation is a water purification method that utilizes heat to collect pure water in the form of vapor. This method is effective by the scientific fact that water has a lower boiling point than other contaminants and disease-causing elements found in water. Water is subjected to a heat source until it attains its boiling point. It is then left at the boiling point until it vaporizes. This vapor is directed into a condenser to cool. Upon cooling, vapor is reversed into liquid water that is clean and safe for drinking. Other substances that have a higher boiling point are left as sediments in the container.

Difficulties in setting up:
Might be dangerous when dealing with fire/heat.
Might break glass.

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Materials used:

1) Cotton wool

2) Sand

3) Charcoal (preferably powdered, or buy charcoal pieces and grind them up)

4) Gravel

5) An empty water bottle with the bottom cut off

6) A support system for the water bottle, e.g. a plank of wood with a hole

7) Dirty water

Procedure on how to build the system:

1) Place the empty water bottle upside-down into the support system, plank of wood with a hole.

2) Pack layers of materials, cotton wool, sand, ground charcoal and gravel, into the water bottle.

(Place cotton wool at the bottom (in the neck of the bottle), to prevent the other packing   materials from falling through. Above the cotton wool comes the ground charcoal, then the sand, and then the gravel. (As an optional extension to this exercise, the thickness of the layers can also be varied to see how this affects the purification process.)

3) Pour in the dirty water and let it seep through the materials and drip into a bowl which can be

collected at a bowl underneath the support system.

4) After, all the water has drained into the bowl, boil it to kill the bacteria remained in it.

Scientific Principle(s) behind how the system works:

1) This experiment investigates the physical process of removing solid impurities of varying sizes and the chemical process of removing dissolved particles by sorption to charcoal.

Possible difficulties in constructing the system in class:

1) Materials may be hard to get.

2) Water cannot be boiled since there is no gas supply in the classroom.

3) Results may be inaccurate

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Materials used:
1. water bottle
2.scissors
3.cotton balls
4.sand
5. gravel
6.large gravel/small rocks
7.cups to hold filtered and non-filtered water
Procedure on how to build the system:
1. cut the end of the water bottle with the scissors
2. make a small hole in the center of the water bottle cap
3. push the cotton balls down through the hole
4. fill up the bottle ( about 2 inches)
5. add gravel into the bottle (about 2 inches)
6. add the large gravel/small rocks into the bottle (1-2 inches)
7. put the filter over your cup for filtered water
8. with the other cup,pour the dirty/muddy water into the filter
Scientific Principle(s) behind how the system works:
1.impurities in dirty water can be removed by using a series of barriers, which use either physical (filtering by gravel and sand) or chemical processes to remove the impurities.
2. how to separate solids and liquids
Possible difficulties in constructing the system in class:
sand may get messy when fans are switched on.

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Materials used:
•plastic sheet
•big container
•small cup
•rocks
Procedure in how to build system:
•place small cup in the big container
•pour contaminated water in the big container
•place plastic sheet over the big container and cup
•place rocks in the middle of plastic sheet(on top of cup)
•place in sunlight
Scientific principle behind how system works:
•the 'clean' water would be evaporated and the dirt/impurities in the water would be left in the big container.
•the 'clean' waterwould evaporate and condense on the plastic sheet under the sun and would drip down into the small cup.
Difficulties faced:
•process is slow
•needs sunlight to be able to work

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Materials needed:

Plastic bottle

Pen knife

Coffee filter

Activated charcoal ( Small, no larger than a pea)

Sand (fine & coarse)

Fine & chunky gravel

Container to catch the water

Procedure on how to build the system:

1. Use penknife to cut the bottom of the plastic bottle (1 inch/2.5 cm )

2. Poke a hole in the cap (make an X mark with penknife)

3. Put the coffee filter over the mouth of the bottle and tighten the cap over it

4. Fill the bottom (1/3) of the bottle with activated charcoal

5. Fill the middle of the bottle with sand

6. Fill the rest with gravel (leave 2.5 space)

7. Cover the bottle with coffee filter (top)

8. Pour water into filter (slowly, with a container below to collect the water)

9. Wait for the water to flow into container (7-10min)

10. Repeat steps 8-9 until water looks clear

11. Boil the water

Scientific principle(s) behind how the system works:

Activated charcoal has oxygen added back to it. This makes it more permeable thus better at filtering impurities

The sand layer helps catch small particles, such as dirt and grit, thus making the water look clean

Possible difficulties in constructing the system in class:

Constructing of the filter might be messy

It would be hard to attach the filter paper securely to the bottle

It would be hard to cut

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Materials needed :
- Plastic bottle
- Pen knifee

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Water Purification System:    Tree Branch Water Filter Materials used: Branch, hose pipe, fastener Procedure: 1. Cut the branch.  2. Peel off the bark. 3. Put the branch into the hose pipe. 4. Fasten the branch to the hose pipe. 5. Put water into hose and collect clean water from the other end. Scientific Principals:
The plant tissue effectively filters out bacteria making the after clean and safe to drink. Possible difficulties: 1. Trouble fitting branch into the tube. 2. Need to shave the branch until it can fit into the pipe

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IF U COPY US I SWEAR TO GOD I WILL CUT YOU.

METHOD UNO
you will need: Gravel, sand, activated charcoal / activated carbon, 5 food-gradefive-gallon buckets, screen, plastic plumbing fittings, hole saw

what is it?: Bio-filter, as a homemade filter, is composed of three separate layers of gravel, sand, and activated charcoal. It is a streamlined method of filtering impurities in the water starting from the biggest up to the most minuteimpurities in the water.

WHAT TO DO:
1. Turn the water gallon container upside down.

2. Cut a hole at the top of the container. This is where you will pour your materials and water for filtering.

3. The first layer must be gravel.Gravel is basically pebble-like rock that acts as a filter for common debris found in water such as a small sticks, fallen leaves, and even tiny creatures that are either an animal or an insect.

4. The second layer filled with sand. Sand can further filter out smaller particles in the water that the gravel was not able to catch.

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Share one water purification system you found.... include the materials used and the procedure. Focus on the scientific principles behind the working of the system, and the possible difficulties faced in the construction of that system.