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A nucleotide is lost or gained, causing the 3-letter codon to shift up or down 1 letter for the remainder of the DNA sequence

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Where part of a chromosome or sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication
Ex: Turner Syndrome

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an insertion is a point in which a nucleotide is added to the dna causing the whole strand to shift to the right.
ex: Huntington's disease.

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a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
Ex: Sickle cell disease

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White half circle: Deoxyribose Sugar

Brown and Orange double ended clips: H- Bonds

Cylinders:Nitrogen Base
Black: Thymine
Gray: Guanine
White: Adenine
Teal: Cytosine

Purple with teal clip: Phosphate Group

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His cell will become hypotonic and swell because the water will try to rush in.

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Why do we become dehydrated or bloated on a cellular level?

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Why do we become dehydrated or bloated on a cellular level?

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According to natural nutrition principles, cellular dehydration is triggered by any form of physical, emotional and/or mental stress. Stress switches on the fight or flight response which is a survival mechanism for coping with the perceived level of danger.

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a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates.

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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

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It allows the red blood cell to create more hemoglobin and, therefore, carry more oxygen molecules. It also allows the  cell to have its distinctive biconcave shape which aids diffusion. This shape would not be possible if the cell had a nucleus in the way. They do not have any other organelles and they lack dna and rna. Immature blood cells have nucleus that causes them to reproduce within the bone marrow then the lysosomes break it down and they are left with a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Mature blood cells lack any organelles besides cytoplasm and cell membrane.