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A temperature change happened and that is the T in FACTSS. Heat was used to melt the crystals, but once they were melted and cool, another crystal was added making the solution hotter. They compare this to hand warmers because to ignite the heat you have to break something inside the pack, just like how to crystal ignited the solution making it hot.

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Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals are added to water and heated up so they melt. After it is melted, a crystal of sodium acetate trihydrate was added to  the solution. During the reaction sodium separates from the acetate and bonds with hydroxide. After the crystal is added the whole solution turns into a solid that becomes hotter- an exothermic reaction.

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H₂O: water, polar, clear

C₂H₃NaO₂:  is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a wide range of uses.

Na(OH): Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound. It is a white solid and highly caustic metallic base

HC₂H₃O₂: a colourless liquid organic compound

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C₂H₃NaO₂ + H₂O → Na(OH) + HC₂H₃O₂

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Temperature change in a chemical reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Temperature change in a chemical reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Simple Science Tricks With Household Items

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Chemistry Experiment: Heat and cold packs

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We like sports! But sometimes it hurts...Heat packs and cold packs are very useful. But how do they work? We shine light on this in two simple experiments. 2011 was the International Year of Chemistry and the Chemistry Calendar was set up to spread the word of how chemistry is all around us.

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The indicator that was presented in the experiment was a temperature change. After the reactants mixed it created bubbles and fizz (another indicator), but also a temperature decrease (the indicator I’m focusing on). As I said before heat was absorbed from its surroundings, which is an endothermic reaction. That means exactly what I said before, heat was absorbed and the temperature dropped.

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The reaction makes carbonic acid which is unstable. It quickly breaks down into CO2 and water. The gas then rapidly leaves the water creating foam and bubbles along the way. The solution also absorbs heat from the surroundings, making the temperature drop.

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Acetic acid: A clear, colorless organic acid, C2H4O2, with a distinctive pungent odor, used as a solvent and in the manufacture of rubber, plastics, acetate fibers, pharmaceuticals, and photographic chemicals. It is the chief acid of vinegar.

Sodium bicarbonate: a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).

Sodium acetate: White deliquescent powder, Vinegar (acetic acid) odor when heated to decomposition

Water: Water is a clear polar compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid.

Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas found in our atmosphere. Its chemical formula is CO2, which means it is one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is a waste product in our bodies, and is also produced by burning fossil fuels.

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Temperature change in a chemical reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Temperature change in a chemical reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Color was the FACTSS indicator in this reaction. I know this because when the reaction happens color is produced. Using combustion, a compound is created and shot into the sky bursting with colors and light.

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Potassium nitrate is used as an oxidizer, decomposes to potassium oxide, nitrogen gas, and oxygen gas.scifun.chem.wisc states, “Oxidizers produce the oxygen gas required to burn the mixture of reducing agents and to excite the atoms of the light-emitting compounds. Various oxidizers are used in both the black powder and the stars. The most commonly used oxidizers are nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates. The reducing agents, sulfur and carbon, combine with the oxygen from the oxidizers to produce the energy of the explosion.”

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2KNO₃: Potassium Nitrate, ionic salt of potassium ions

K₂0: Potassium oxide, This pale yellow solid, the simplest oxide of potassium, is a rarely encountered, highly reactive compound

N₂: colourless, odourless, tasteless and mostly diatomic non-metal gas

O₂: odorless, tasteless, poor conductor of heat and electricity

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Color change shown in fireworks- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Color change shown in fireworks- By Lucy Goldsmith

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This was a color change or the “C” in FACTSS. I know this is a color change because the solution was changed into 4 different colors, which is a sign this was a chemical reaction.

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Redox reaction is occurring. This basically means that new compounds are formed when one chemical takes electrons from another chemical. So when I say blank reduces blank this is what I mean.

In the experiment we add potassium permanganate solution to a sugar and sodium hydroxide solution to reduce it until Mn has a +2 oxidation state. In between are a few transition stages, each with its own colors.  The sugar reduces the manganate with the help of the sodium hydroxide as a catalyst (to help speed up the reaction).  During that reaction the solution changes colors as shown in the video.

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MnO₄⁻ :  Permanganates are salts of permanganic acid

MnO₄⁻²: called Manganate, Permanganate solutions are purple in color

2H₂O: water, clear, polar

MnO₂: This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite

4OH⁻ :  It functions as a base. The hydroxide ion forms salts

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Precipitation During a Chemical Reaction

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Precipitation During a Chemical Reaction

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This type of reaction occurs when cations and anions in a water containing substance forms an insoluble ionic solid.

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Precipitation Reactions for GCSE Chemistry AQA, Edexcel, OCR

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A short and concise video on what a precipitate, precipitation reactions and applications of these reactions in water treatment. I have also included a short demonstration of lead nitrate reacting with potassium iodide to give us lead iodide precipitate (yellow solid). Exam questions (AQA) below: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B445bWsSoU94ZDE4Mk1nQmI3WGs/view?usp=sharing

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The smell of skunk spray is absolutely disgusting! It all has to do with the sulfur in the thiols, which are sulfur compounds that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl or sulfhydryl. It is then released into the air, and produces the gross odor.

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Precipitation During a Chemical Reaction

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Precipitation During a Chemical Reaction

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Sometimes pipes in a house get clogged because precipitates of magnesium and calcium oxides have deposited themselves within the pipes.

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The smell of rotten eggs is disgusting,, but it's actually Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a gas that sits in the egg  and helps the chick grow. If it sits for too long, it causes bacteria to form, creating a disgusting rotten egg odor.

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Color Change in a Chemical Reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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Color Change in a Chemical Reaction- By Lucy Goldsmith

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From changing from purple to green: MnO4- + e- → MnO4-2

Changing from green to brown/yellow: MnO4-2 + 2H2O + 2e- → MnO2 + 4OH-

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Cool Science Experiments You Can Do at Home

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How to Do The Chemical Chameleon Experiment at Home! (Full HD)

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Today we do the beautiful Chemical Chameleon experiment. This experiment is a solutions that changes color. These colors can include: red, purple, blue, green, yellow and orange. Warning! Sodium Hydroxide is caustic and will cause burns on contact with your skin and eyes. Potassium Permanganate is also caustic and it is a powerful oxidiser.