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The Continuities and Changes in American Art, Architecture, and Literature from 1790 to 1860

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The Continuities and Changes in American Art, Architecture, and Literature from 1790 to 1860

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Architecturally, America chose to recreate Old World styles rather than create indigenous ones. Early architecture borrowed from classical Greek and Roman examples, and really emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint. "Imitative portraiture and history painting predominated in the late eighteenth century, as American artists attempted to cover their provincial culture with a civilizing veneer." After the War of 1812, American painters turned dramatically from human portraits and history paintings, to pastoral mirrorings of the local landscapes. Because of America’s vast wilderness, painters finally found their distinctive muse.

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The first excerpts intended audience was to the women holding the meetings, and to the people living in that area. The purpose of him writing that excerpt, and his point of view, was to basically demean women, and say they should not hold these meetings because they do not have rights and will not have rights, that things should stay how they have been for thousands of years. The second excerpts intended audience was to the man who wrote the first one, but also to the people who had read the first one as well. The purpose, as well as point of view, was to argue against the ideas of the first man. This person believes women deserve to break away from the customs of six thousand years ago.

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Great Awakening vs. Second Great Awakening

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Great Awakening vs. Second Great Awakening

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The Second Great Awakening left countless converted souls, a lot of shattered and reorganized churches, and various new sects. Also, it encouraged an "effervescent evangelicalism" that bubbled up into many different areas of American life—including prison reform, the temperance cause, the women’s movement, and the fight to abolish slavery. The Second Great Awakening was spread differently than the first. For this, they spread to the masses by huge “camp meetings.” Thousands of people would gather, and "spiritually starved" souls “got religion” at these gatherings. In their saving they engaged in frenzies of rolling, dancing, barking, and jerking.

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Various reformers, ranging from the high-minded to the “lunatic fringe,” set up more than 40 communities of a "co-operative, communistic, or “communitarian” nature." Robert Owen founded a communal society of about a thousand people at New Harmony, Indiana in 1825. Not much harmony prevailed in the colony, which attracted a "sprinkling of radicals, work-shy theorists, and outright scoundrels." A more radical experiment in New York in 1848 practiced free love, birth control (through “male continence,”), and the eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring. "This curious enterprise flourished for more than thirty years, largely because its artisans made superior steel traps and Oneida Community (silver) Plate."

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Yes, it was a progressive reflection because there were smaller families, each parent was able to care for each child individually, believed children's wills were not to be broken, and the children were taught to be independent and to make decisions based on moral standards.

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This and the rise of the child-centered family shows improvements and restrictions in women's status. Before, only wealthy women were allowed to stay at home, class was no longer a barrier, there were smaller families, children were taught to be more independent, and the children's punishments were less harsh. Some restrictions were that the worlds of work and home were increasingly separate, women were less likely to engage in family business, women were considered unladylike if they did work, and women's status was lowered to unappreciated and unpaid work.