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"You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom." - Malcolm X

"“Three hundred years of humiliation, abuse and deprivation cannot be expected to find voice in a whisper.” - Martin Luther King Jr.

“Silence is for fools. Communication is for leaders. Justice is for those brave enough to not stand another moment dealing with people that feel the solution to any problem is through cold indifference because of their lack of courage and insecurities.” - Shannon L Alder

“You cannot be afraid to speak up and speak out for what you believe. You have to have courage, raw courage.” -John Lewis

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Martin Luther King Jr. sought equality for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest.

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Malcolm X was an African American leader and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam. expressed concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s.

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Rosa Parks stood up to a white person when she was sitting in the wrong area of the bus. It took a lot of courage at this time for a black woman to say "no" to a white male.

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Dred Scott Vs. Sanford- 1857
-An African American who lived in a free state eventually moved to Missouri: a slave state. The court decided that no African American (free or slave) could claim U.S. citizenship, This disabled them to petition the court for their freedom.
The 14th Amendment- 1868:
- African Americans are full citizens of the United States and can not be denied equal protection or due process of law
The 15th Amendment- 1870:
- Granted every African American male the right to vote
- Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified                   February 3, 1870
Congress Passed the first Civil Rights Act- 1883
- African Americans are gaurunteed equal rights in transportation, restaurant/inns, theaters and on juries
The Supreme Court: Plessy Vs. Ferguson- 1896
- This rules that state laws requiring separation of the races are within the bounds of the Constitution as long as equal accommodations are made for African Americans, thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine that justifies legal segregation in the South. Justice John Harlan, in lone dissent, says Constitution is "colorblind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens."
Brown Vs. Board of Education- 1954:
- The Supreme Court unanimously decided that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Emmett Till Murder- 1955:
- On August 28, 1955, fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was kidnapped and murdered in Money, Mississippi. This urged support for racial reform in the South.
Montgomery Bus Boycott- 1955:
- Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama when she refused to leave her seat in the white section of a city bus on December 1, 1955.
Albany Movement-- 1961:
- In November 1961, residents of Albany, Georgia, started a campaign to eliminate segregation in all forms of local life.