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Department of Agriculture directive which authorized the government to set production quotas for wheat. Filburn was allowed 11.1 acres but harvested nearly 12 acres of wheat above his allotment. He claimed that he wanted the wheat for use on his farm, including feed for his poultry and livestock. Filburn was penalized and tried to argue that the excess wheat was unrelated to commerce since he grew it for his own use.

https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/317us111

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954), unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html

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Segregation is a system that keeps different groups separate from each other, either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws.

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/segregation

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A series of experimental projects and programs, known collectively as the New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans.

http://www.history.com/topics/new-deal

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The stock market crash of October 29, 1929 provided a dramatic end to an era of unprecedented, and unprecedentedly lopsided, prosperity. This disaster had been brewing for years. Some blame the increasingly uneven distribution of wealth and purchasing power in the 1920s, while others blame the decade’s agricultural slump or the international instability caused by World War I. An ordinary recession became the Great Depression, the defining event of the 1930s.

http://www.history.com/topics/1930s

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The Tenth Amendment helps to define the concept of federalism, the relationship between Federal and state governments.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/tenth_amendment

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This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlevi

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Article I describes the design of the legislative branch of US Government which includes the idea  of separation of powers between branches of government.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei

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A doctrine and strategy in which the rights of the individual states are protected by the U.S. Constitution from interference by the federal government.

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/States'+Rights

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The Commerce Clause is a grant of power to Congress, not an express limitation on the power of the states to regulate the economy.

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/statecommerce.htm

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Nationalism is the belief that your own country is better than all others.

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/nationalism

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The Supremacy Clause is a conflict-of-laws rule specifying that certain national acts take priority over any state acts that conflict with national law.

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/133/supremacy-clause

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Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/federalism