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My portfolio encompasses briefly topics discussed throughout this course. Information was sourced from the internet in the form of picture and videos, and text from unit readings and class discussions. Caribbean Civilisation contains multiple aspects of the Caribbean, each having their own history and details behind them. I aimed to include small parts of each of these topics so that the reader would have a fair idea and gain a greater knowledge and understanding about the Caribbean. I also included a few of the learning activities that were within the unit readings as to help with my personal understanding and required me to do further research.

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Beyond Massa: Sugar Management in the British Caribbean, 1770-1834, written by Dr. John F. Campbell

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http://abolition.e2bn.org/library/0711/0000/0006/1009514mid_360.jpg

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Focused on: White bonded workers, Indian indentureship and Chinese indentureship.

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Ships were prisons called 'hulls'. The image below shows the formation of the people that were on the ships when being transported. As it can be seen, they were closely put together, often many died due to ill-treatment and being malnourished.
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/fb/a3/23/fba32341a374a4f0a510cda28e94e2c9.jpg

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Caribbean Civilization focuses on the history and having an understanding of the past which helps us in identifying who we are today. History can also guide us in present and future actions. However, history is very important in each of our lives today, but we should not dwell on it, but make our own history to be passed on.

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A civilised society refers to a well developed system of Government, culture, and a way of life and that treats the people who live there fairly.
An uncivlised society refers to lacking culture or sophistication. However, both of these definitions have multiple ways in describing them and the terms can be harsh to some. Therefore, the better and more appropriate term to use is 'different'.
A developing society is a non industrialized country  that is seeking to develop its resources and advancements.
An advanced society is which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.

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Apart from United States having an effect on the Caribbean, the Caribbean has also began to have an effect on the United States. For example, Caribbean song artiste have influenced Americans to use our linguistics in their songs, even come to the Caribbean to experience our diverse cultures.

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https://edgeofcivilization.wordpress.com/2011/06/26/civilization-and-cannibalism/

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The Leeward and Windward islands should be considered as part of the Caribbean. This is because, referring back to the five definitions, the islands are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and is also part of the Caribbean plate. The Leeward islands became a British colony in 1671. The Windward islands forms a part of the easternmost boundary of the Caribbean Sea. They were also once colonial island territories, belonging to France.

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http://www.paradise-islands.org/images/Windward.jpg

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http://www.paradise-islands.org/images/Leeward.jpg

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There is no one way to define the Caribbean but using five definitions, combined they each represent different aspects of the Caribbean. These definitions include; geographical, geological, diaspora, political and historical.
Geographical: refers to the Caribbean Basin, and what islands are washed by the Caribbean Sea. (this is the most commonly used definition when defining the Caribbean)
Geological: refers to the Caribbean plate which is marked boundaries by boundaries and margins where it meets other tectonic plates
Diaspora: refers to where people are placed in the Caribbean. (this is not widely used when defining the Caribbean).
Political: refers to the diversity of political entities in the region which are at different stages in achieving political autonomy from the colonial powers that were once dominant in the region. (many Caribbean countries are now politically independent favouring different forms of Governance).
Historical: the study of history involves describing and analyzing significant events, trends and processes over time but it also examines how such phenomena are experienced differently.

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This video examines how the colonies of the Caribbean transforms into single islands over the 1900s to present.

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Memorize Central American & Caribbean Countries

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See how the Caribbean transforms from a bunch of colonies to a bunch of island-countries.

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The diversity of the Caribbean involves the difference in cultures, races, language and past history. This diversity came from the migrants who came into the Caribbean and brought their own culture with them. Apart from their culture, they also brought there own crops to the agricultural land of the Caribbean. These crops included cotton and tobacco.

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The ending of enslavement led to a change in the Caribbean social, political and economic order and allowed for a different form of development.

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Focuses on the beginning of Chattel Slavery which further lead to emancipation, migration and indentureship (the ending of chattel slavery).
Chattel Slavery refers to an enslaved person who is owned followed by their children and children's children whom automatically become enslaved.

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http://cdn7.mrdowling.com/images/710slaves2.png

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Emancipation
The abolition of slavery in the British Colonies of the West Indies. (Slavery Abolition Act of 1833).
http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/20130801-082441.jpg

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Caribbean Identity: Diaspora and Double Consciousness 

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Caribbean Identity: Diaspora and Double Consciousness 

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Diaspora: defined as the spread of particular groups of people from their land or place of birth into another region.

Double Consciousness refers to having a place of belonging in their new region and having a feeling of two identities. Double consciousness in this course focused on people of the US coming into the Caribbean for imperialist thrust. This further affected the Caribbean in defining their identity.

http://files.umwblogs.org/blogs.dir/4419/files/2010/11/quoooote.gif

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Apart from the four factors (education, race, religion, and politics), other factors exist that are used when describing the Caribbean identity. These include:
History: Based on the identity of the past experiences.
Gender: Caribbean people tend to identity themselves based on the gender that they are.
Geography: Is based on the part of the Caribbean in which you were born and/ or live in.
Economic: Refers to individuals associations and groupings in society.

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Education: Is based on the levels of knowledge and education of particular institutions that one possesses. (e.g the level of education of a primary school student as compared to that of a businessman after tertiary education)

Religion: Is based on one's certain belief. (e.g Christianity would be different from Hinduism)

Race: Is based on the racial characteristics of the individual. (e.g the Indian race)

Politics: Is based on the allegiance used to identity the Caribbean people.

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Defined as "the individual characteristics, style or manner that is fundamental to a person or thing and by which that person is recognized."
Identity includes the factors of race, religion and gender.

Side note: The Haitian Revolution in 1791 was the first major step towards individual identity.

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Symbols of religions expressed within the Caribbean.
http://donsnotes.com/religion/images/religious-wheel.png

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Due to the diversification that exists now in the Caribbean, there are multiple religions. These include; Protestantism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism.

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http://atlantablackstar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/100.jpg

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The Caribbean isn't just one religion and one culture of various types which brings about diversity. Christianity was one of the first religions brought to the Caribbean. It was thought by the Spaniards to convert the natives into Roman Catholics and educate them. There were other Christian religions which also began to influence the Caribbean in the seventeenth century. However, these Christian religions were prohibited from the Africans until the arrival of the Quakers and the Baptists. Once this happened, the white managers separated them so that they could not worship together and have their own religion, but to convert them into the Christian religion. This benefited the managers in the colonies of Cuba and Saint Dominique, which gave them a means of social control and teach obedience.

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The most dominant sport of the Caribbean was cricket. This was initially brought about by the white's who came to the Caribbean. Sports was seen as a way of socializing and bringing the Caribbean people together, in the later years.

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Learning activity 8.2:
Michel Montano- H.M.A (Trinidad & Tobago soca artiste)
Based on this song, expresses having "no worries and no time for stress in my head" which gives the listener a happy and upbringing feeling. This song also gives a description of the festival called 'Carnival' which is celebrated every year in Trinidad. The words of the song focuses on living your life and the activities during carnival.

http://www.dancehallworld.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/MACHEL-MONTANO-HMA-HAPPIEST-MAN-ALIVE-MUSIC-VIDEO-2014.jpg

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The Hindu Festival of Lights.
Divali came to Trinidad and Tobago by the indentured labourers who came to these parts in 1845. It is known to be the largest Hindu festival celebrated and is a national holiday in Trinidad.
https://www.google.tt/search?q=trinidad+and+tobago+divali&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=589&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPgbKX4rrQAhXELSYKHVkLBEkQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=Yj0cd9PmrpcCOM%3A

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Vincy Mas (St. Vincent & the Grenadines)
http://www.dennis-hideaway.com/Dennis_Hideaway_Gallery/St.%20Vincent%20Carnival/slides/Vincy%20Mas%20(13).html

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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival
Originated in the 18th century.
Carnival is thought to be a festival that is celebrated to bring the different cultural and ethnic groups together.

work of mass "is an original production intended to be performed by a person or a group of persons in which an artistic work in the form of an adornment or image presented by the person or persons is the primary element of the production, and in which such adornment or image may be accompanied by words, music, choreography or other works, regardless of whether the production is intended to be performed on stage, platform, street or other venue." (The Copyright Act, 1997 of the Laws of Trinidad and Tobago (No. 8 of 1997, as amended by Act No. 18 of 2000))
http://www.looptt.com/content/socadrome-stays-2016