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1. ICT definition
2. Components of an ICT system
3. ICT's societal and economic impact

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ICT stands for (Information and Comunication Technology) is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

This term is generally accepted to all devices, networking components, application and system (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.

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The term ICT is a combination of three words: Information, Communication and Technology.

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Information in computer field is data input that is stored, processed and transmitted. That information can be represented in diffirent forms,for example: a text document, a picture or an audio file, vv...

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It means the process of sharing infomation with others

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That refers to methods or a set of tools that helps to do something easier  or resolve problems

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1. Computer hardware
2. Computer software
3.Telecommunications
4.Databases and data warehouses
5.Human resources and procedures

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https://www.healthcatalyst.com/insights/database-vs-data-warehouse-a-comparative-review/
https://www.britannica.com/list/5-components-of-information-systems

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What is Database?

A database is a collection of related data which represents some elements of the real world. It is designed to be built and populated with data for a specific task. It is also a building block of your data solution.

In this tutorial, you will learn

What is a Data Warehouse?

A data warehouse is an information system which stores historical and commutative data from single or multiple sources. It is designed to analyze, report, integrate transaction data from different sources.

Data Warehouse eases the analysis and reporting process of an organization. It is also a single version of truth for the organization for decision making and forecasting process.

KEY DIFFERENCE

Database is a collection of related data that represents some elements of the real world whereas Data warehouse is an information system that stores historical and commutative data from single or multiple sources.

Database is designed to record data whereas the Data warehouse is designed to analyze data.

Database is application-oriented-collection of data whereas Data Warehouse is the subject-oriented collection of data.

Database uses Online Transactional Processing (OLTP) whereas Data warehouse uses Online Analytical Processing (OLAP).

Database tables and joins are complicated because they are normalized whereas Data Warehouse tables and joins are easy because they are denormalized.

ER modeling techniques are used for designing Database whereas data modeling techniques are used for designing Data Warehouse.

Why use a Database?

Here, are prime reasons for using Database system:

It offers the security of data and its access

A database offers a variety of techniques to store and retrieve data.

Database act as an efficient handler to balance the requirement of multiple applications using the same data

A DBMS offers integrity constraints to get a high level of protection to prevent access to prohibited data.

A database allows you to access concurrent data in such a way that only a single user can access the same data at a time.

Why Use Data Warehouse?

Here, are Important reasons for using Data Warehouse:

Data warehouse helps business users to access critical data from some sources all in one place.

It provides consistent information on various cross-functional activities

Helps you to integrate many sources of data to reduce stress on the production system.

Data warehouse helps you to reduce TAT (total turnaround time) for analysis and reporting.

Data warehouse helps users to access critical data from different sources in a single place so, it saves user's time of retrieving data information from multiple sources. You can also access data from the cloud easily.

Data warehouse allows you to store a large amount of historical data to analyze different periods and trends to make future predictions.

Enhances the value of operational business applications and customer relationship management systems

Separates analytics processing from transactional databases, improving the performance of both systems

Stakeholders and users may be overestimating the quality of data in the source systems. Data warehouse provides more accurate reports.

Characteristics of Database

Offers security and removes redundancy

Allow multiple views of the data

Database system follows the ACID compliance ( Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).

Allows insulation between programs and data

Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing

Relational Database support multi-user environment

Characteristics of Data Warehouse

A data warehouse is subject oriented as it offers information related to theme instead of companies' ongoing operations.

The data also needs to be stored in the Datawarehouse in common and unanimously acceptable manner.

The time horizon for the data warehouse is relatively extensive compared with other operational systems.

A data warehouse is non-volatile which means the previous data is not erased when new information is entered in it.

Difference between Database and Data Warehouse

Applications of Database

Banking

Use in the banking sector for customer information, account-related activities, payments, deposits, loans, credit cards, etc.

Airlines

Use for reservations and schedule information.

Universities

To store student information, course registrations, colleges, and results.

Telecommunication

It helps to store call records, monthly bills, balance maintenance, etc.

Finance

Helps you to store information related stock, sales, and purchases of stocks and bonds.

Sales & Production

Use for storing customer, product and sales details.

Manufacturing

It is used for the data management of the supply chain and for tracking production of items, inventories status.

HR Management

Detail about employee's salaries, deduction, generation of paychecks, etc.

Applications of Data Warehousing

Airline

It is used for airline system management operations like crew assignment, analyzes of route, frequent flyer program discount schemes for passenger, etc.

Banking

It is used in the banking sector to manage the resources available on the desk effectively.

Healthcare sector

Data warehouse used to strategize and predict outcomes, create patient's treatment reports, etc. Advanced machine learning, big data enable datawarehouse systems can predict ailments.

Insurance sector

Data warehouses are widely used to analyze data patterns, customer trends, and to track market movements quickly.

Retain chain

It helps you to track items, identify the buying pattern of the customer, promotions and also used for determining pricing policy.

Telecommunication

In this sector, data warehouse used for product promotions, sales decisions and to make distribution decisions.

Disadvantages of Database

Cost of Hardware and Software of an implementing Database system is high which can increase the budget of your organization.

Many DBMS systems are often complex systems, so the training for users to use the DBMS is required.

DBMS can't perform sophisticated calculations

Issues regarding compatibility with systems which is already in place

Data owners may lose control over their data, raising security, ownership, and privacy issues.

Disadvantages of Data Warehouse

Adding new data sources takes time, and it is associated with high cost.

Sometimes problems associated with the data warehouse may be undetected for many years.

Data warehouses are high maintenance systems. Extracting, loading, and cleaning data could be time-consuming.

The data warehouse may look simple, but actually, it is too complicated for the average users. You need to provide training to end-users, who end up not using the data mining and warehouse.

Despite best efforts at project management, the scope of data warehousing will always increase.

What Works Best for You?

To sum up, we can say that the database helps to perform the fundamental operation of business while the data warehouse helps you to analyze your business. You choose either one of them based on your business goals.

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Database vs Data Warehouse: Key Differences

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A database is a collection of related data which represents some elements of the real world. It is designed to be built and populated with data for a specific task. It is also a building block of your data solution.

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This is the physical technology that works with information. Hardware can be as small as a smartphone that fits in a pocket or as large as a supercomputer that fills a building

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Software can be divided into two types: system software and application software. The primary piece of system software is the operating system, such as Windows or iOS, which manages the hardware’s operation. Application software is designed for specific tasks, such as handling a spreadsheet, creating a document, or designing a Web page.

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This component connects the hardware together to form a network. Connections can be through wires, such as Ethernet cables or fibre optics, or wireless, such as through Wi-Fi. A network can be designed to tie together computers in a specific area, such as an office or a school, through a local area network (LAN). If computers are more dispersed, the network is called a wide area network (WAN). The Internet itself can be considered a network of networks.

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A database is any collection of data organized for storage, accessibility, and retrieval.

A data warehouse is a type of database the integrates copies of transaction data from disparate source systems and provisions them for analytical use.

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-Offers security and removes redundancy
-Allow multiple views of the data
-Database system follows the ACID compliance ( Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).
-Allows insulation between programs and data
-Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing
-Relational Database support multi-user environment

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A data warehouse is subject oriented as it offers information related to theme instead of companies’ ongoing operations.
The data also needs to be stored in the Datawarehouse in common and unanimously acceptable manner.
The time horizon for the data warehouse is relatively extensive compared with other operational systems.
A data warehouse is non-volatile which means the previous data is not erased when new information is entered in it.

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The final, and possibly most important, component of information systems is the human element: the people that are needed to run the system and the procedures they follow so that the knowledge in the huge databases and data warehouses can be turned into learning that can interpret what has happened in the past and guide future action.

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ICT has considerably modified how human beings work, communicate, study and live.

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Moreover, ICT keeps to revolutionize all components of the human enjoy as first computer systems and now robots do the various responsibilities as soon as treated through humans.

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ICT additionally underpins huge shifts in society, as people en masse are transferring from personal, face-to-face interactions to ones withinside the virtual space.

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For all its progressive aspects, though, ICT talents are not frivolously distributed. Simply put, richer nations and richer people revel in extra get right of entry to and accordingly have a more capacity to capture at the blessings and possibilities powered with the aid of using ICT.

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The development of ICT abilities has made the improvement and transport of numerous technology inexpensive for ICT companies and their clients even as additionally imparting new marketplace opportunities.