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Flora Sandes va ser la primera dona en ser oficialment militar en la primera guerra mundial.
Va neixer en North Yorkshire en 1876 i desde petita sempre va boler ser militar.
Despres de ser medica en la creu vermella es va enllistar en l'exercit servi i es va ganar un nom reconegut en aquest i un titol com a oficial.

Teniu un enllaç en l'imatge per si voleu saber més d'ella.

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¿Profesora? ¿Investigadora? ¿Artista? Ninguna de estas opciones tentó a una joven nacida en North Yorkshire en 1876. Su sueño desde muy pequeña era convertirse en soldado y cuando la Primera Guerra Mundial se intensificó, se convirtió en la única Era Flora Sandes. luchadora femenina situada en las primeras filas del combate.

Rompiendo estereotipos

y, una vez los coches inundaron las calles, compró un viejo coche de carreras francés y lo condujo por su vecindario.
, disfrutaba ejercitándose con la esgrima y realizando prácticas de tiro
se ofreció como voluntaria para convertirse en enfermera
Cuando estalló la se unió a la Cruz Roja Primera Guerra Mundial en 1914,
Incluso en sus primeros años, no permitió que los estereotipos sociales le impidieran hacer las cosas que más le gustaban. Según su autobiografía , sin embargo, fue rechazada debido a la falta de experiencia. Esto, obviamente, no la detuvo y . En agosto de 1914 dejó Inglaterra para ir al campo de batalla serbio junto con otras 36 mujeres.

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¿Profesora? ¿Investigadora? ¿Artista? Ninguna de estas opciones tentó a una joven nacida en North Yorkshire en 1876. Su sueño desde muy pequeña era convertirse en soldado y cuando la Primera Guerra Mundial se intensificó, se convirtió en la única Era Flora Sandes. luchadora femenina situada en las primeras filas del combate.

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Rosalind Franklin va ser la descubridora de la forma de l'ADN, a mes a mes aquella investigaciò li va costar la vida i per no ser poc li van treure robar el projecte.

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Historias olvidadas de la ciencia: Rosalind Franklin

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En 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft va escriure Vindicació dels drets de la dona. En ella es feia una defensa dels drets de les dones contra la seva anul·lació social i jurídica. Aquesta obra es considera com el començament del moviment feminista contemporani, doncs en ella es defensa el dret al treball igualitari, a l’educació de les dones i a la seva participació en la vida pública.

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Nellie Bly va ser la primera reportera de periodisme d'investigació i pionera del periodisme encubert, i al 1889 va recórrer el món en 72 dies (8 dies menys que Juan Sebastián Elcano).

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LA SORPRENDENTE HISTORIA DE NELLIE BLY | Roo Val

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Aquest PowerPoint explica la vida d'Amelia Earhart, la primera dona en creuar el món en avió.

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Va ser important perquè va ajudar a les demes dones a donar igualtat a tot el món i per tractar igual a la dona que l'home

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Ana Frank és una nena jueva de tretze anys, amant dels llibres i amb una gran curiositat pel món que l'envolta. La vida dels Frank era normal fins que al maig de 1940 es van acabar els bons temps per a la família: primer, per la Segona Guerra Mundial; després, la capitulació i la invasió alemanya.

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Clara Campoamor va ser una destacada escriptora, política i defensora dels drets de la dona espanyola. Mai no va amagar els seus ideals republicans. Per això, quan es va proclamar l'abril del 1931 va voler ser a la sala de màquines del nou règim per intentar consagrar el principi democràtic de la igualtat entre homes i dones. Va aconseguir el seu escó a les files del Partit Radical, va participar en la comissió que va redactar la Constitució i va defensar al ple el sufragi femení en un memorable debat davant de 470 homes i una sola dona, Victoria Kent, que a última hora va renunciar a recolzar-lo per raons d'oportunitat: la dona mereixia el dret, però encara no estava preparada per exercir-lo.

Es diu que va aconseguir el vot per a les dones espanyoles, però va ser una mica més el que va fer. Aquella dona, aquell 1 d'octubre del 1931, va aconseguir que el nostre país fos, per primera vegada, una democràcia plena. L'única sufragista al món que ho va aconseguir des de la tribuna d'un parlament gràcies a aquelles peculiars eleccions constituents del 31 en què les dones no podien votar però sí que van ser elegides. A causa de la guerra civil va haver de fugir d'Espanya. Va morir exiliada a Suïssa.

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Va ser la primera dona a anar a la universitat, i, per això, va haver d'inscriure's com un home i disfressar-se.

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Gertude Bell va ser una escriptora, viatgera, politicòloga, arqueòloga, espia i funcionari del govern britànic.
Va néixer a Durham Anglaterra al 14 de juliol de 1.868 i va morir al Mandat britànic de Mesopotàmia al 12 de juliol de 1.926.

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Coco chanel va ser la modista mes important de la seva època.

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Charlotte Cooper la primera dona a guanyar uns Jocs Olímpics. El 22 de setembre de 1870 a Ealing, Anglaterra, va néixer Charlotte Cooper. Era filla del matrimon

Carlote Cooper

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Marie Curie va ser una dona molt important al món de la ciència.
A aquella època no se lis permetria estudiar a les dones, però ella i la seva germana eren molt intel·ligents i lis agradava molt la ciència.
Elles van descobrir grans coses en secret però per descobrir més, necessitaven més material...
Un dia van descobrir que, a França hi havia una universitat secreta per a noies i van decidir anar per complir els seu somnis.
Marie va avançar molt i a tenir una parella, la que li va ajudar a fer que surti a la llum aquell que va descobrir.
Al final va fer-se famosa i van fer que les dones podessin anar a la universitat.
Va descobrir coses com la radioactivitat.

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Irene Juliot Curie, va neixer al 1897.
Va ser important a l'edat contemporània, per què era una física y quimíca important, va guanyar el premi Nobel al 1935.
Va morir al 1956

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Malala Yousafzai, es una activista pakistanesa que viu al Regne Unit, des de que va patir un atemptat, el 9 de octubre de 2012 amb 15 anys.
Amb 17 anys va rebre un premi Nobel de la Pau. Lluita pels drets de la dona, perquè els Talibans han prohibit anar a l’escola a les noies.

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Malala Yousafzai, nació el 12 de julio de 1997, en Mingora-Pakistán. Una valiente mujer que trabaja para defender los derechos que deben tener las niñas y las mujeres, para acceder a la educación.

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Malala

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Nascuda el 9 de novembre de 1914 és austríaca.
Invento amb George Antheil la primera versió del WIFI.
Va morir el 19 de gener del 2000.

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Adelina Virginia Stephen molt més coneguda com a Virginia Woolf.
Va néixer el 25 de gener de 1882.
Va ser una escriptora britànica, autora de novel·les, contes, obres teatrals i altres obres literàries.
Unes de les obres famoses són: La Senyora Dalloway (1925), Al Faro (1927) i Les Onades (1931).
Va morir un 28 de març 1941.

https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/w/woolf.htm

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Isabel de Portugal era la filla major de Manuel 1 i segona  en la línea sucesoria de la curona portuguesa després de  el seu germanastre  Luis.
Isabel va tenir  una educació  molt  esmerada.
Va estudiar  latín, castellano, francés e inglés.
Te  amplis conociments  de las ciencies música i una profunda formació humanística.

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Pintora mexicana que revolucionó el mundo del arte y de la política. Amiga de importantes artistas nacionales e internacionales. Fue la primera artista de este país en presentar una de sus obras en el Museo Louvre. Sus ideas políticas fueron revolucionarias en una época en la que las mujeres eran consideradas el sexo débil. Frida defendió la causa de las personas indígenas en México y como parte de su sentimiento nacional, recuperó en su obra sus símbolos y tradiciones.

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Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, va ser una activista afroamericana, figura important del moviment pels drets civils als Estats Units, especialment per haver-se negat a cedir el seient a un blanc i moure's a la part del darrere de l'autobús a Montgomery, Alabama, el 1 de desembre de 1955

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Agatha Cristie va ser escritora, va neixer a Torquay (Anglaterra) el 1890 y va morir en el 1976 en Winterbrook (Anglaterra).
Més coneguda com la reina del crim.

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Bertha benz va ser la primera persona en fer un viatje llarg en automovil.
(Esposa del inventor del automovil Karl Benz).

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Bertha Benz (German: [ˈbɛʁtaˈbɛnts] ; née Cäcilie Bertha Ringer; 3 May 1849 - 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Carl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an internal-combustion-engined automobile over a long distance, field testing the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, inventing brake lining and solving several practical issues during the journey of 105 km (65 miles). In doing so, she brought the Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales.

Bertha Benz at age 18, c. 1867

Cäcilie Bertha Ringer was born on 3 May 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim in the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Two years before her marriage to Carl Benz, she used part of her dowry to invest in his failing iron construction company. As an unmarried woman, she was able to do so; after she married Benz, according to German law, Bertha lost her legal power to act as an investor. On 20 July 1872, Bertha Ringer married Carl Benz. As he moved on to a new manufacturing venture, Benz & Cie, he continued to use her dowry as financial support.[citation needed ]

Carl finished work on his first horseless carriage in December 1885. Bertha served as a field tester, contributing to the design of the Motorwagen by adding wire insulation and inventing leather brake pads to supplement the wooden brakes when they failed. Moreover, she identified several key areas of opportunities - such as the fuel line design - that Carl later improved. In addition to her contributions to the machine's design, Bertha helped finance the development of the Motorwagen.

Together they had five children: Eugen (1873-1958), Richard (1874-1955), Clara (1876-1968), Thilde (1882-1974), and Ellen (1890-1973).

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen Number 3 of 1886, used by Bertha Benz for the highly publicized first long distance road trip, 106 km (66 mi), by automobile

On July 3, 1886, Benz presented the Patent-Motorwagen automobile to the public in Mannheim. Within the decade, 25 vehicles had been built. With cutting-edge bicycle constructions, the Model I was the original Patent Motor Car and the world's first automobile.

The Model II was converted to a four-wheeler for test purposes, making it the only one of this model.[citation needed ]

The first Patent Motor Car sold in small production runs was the Model III. It had powered rear wheels with a ringed steel and solid rubber, steerable front wheel. Various options from which to choose were provided for customers, such as seat arrangements and a folding top.

Map of Germany with the Bertha Benz Memorial Route, from Mannheim via Heidelberg and Wiesloch to Pforzheim and back - official heritage path commemorating her journey of 1888

Carl and Bertha Benz 1925 - Zenodot Verlagsges. mbH

On 5 August 1888, 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheim with her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile a significant distance. Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trials, returning to the point of origin, made with assistance of mechanics. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour covered a one-way distance of about 106 km (66 mi).

Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother, Bertha Benz had other motives - to prove to her husband, who had failed to adequately consider marketing his invention, that the automobile in which they both had heavily invested would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public; and to give her husband the confidence that his constructions had a future.

She left Mannheim around dawn, solving numerous problems along the way. Bertha demonstrated her significant technical capabilities on this journey. With no fuel tank and only a 4.5-litre supply of petrol in the carburetor, she had to find ligroin, the petroleum solvent needed for the car to run. The solvent was only available at apothecary shops, so she stopped in Wiesloch at the city pharmacy to purchase the fuel. At the time, petrol and other fuels could only be bought from chemists [pharmacists in US English], and so this is how the chemist in Wiesloch became the first fuel station in the world.

She cleaned a blocked fuel line with her hat pin and used her garter as insulation material. A blacksmith had to help mend a chain at one point. When the wooden brakes began to fail, Benz visited a cobbler to install leather, making the world's first pair of brake linings. An evaporative cooling system was employed to cool the engine, making water supply a big worry along the trip. The trio added water to their supply every time they stopped. The car's two gears were not enough to surmount uphill inclines and Eugen and Richard often had to push the vehicle up steep roads. Benz reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying her husband of her successful journey by telegram. She drove back to Mannheim several days later.[citation needed ]

The novel trip received a great deal of publicity, as she had sought. The drive was a key event in the technical development of the automobile. The pioneering couple introduced several improvements after Bertha's experiences. She reported everything that had happened along the way and made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills and brake linings to improve brake-power. Her trip demonstrated to the burgeoning automotive industry that test drives were essential to their business.

Last home of Carl and Bertha Benz, now the location of the Daimler and Benz Foundation in Ladenburg, Baden-Württemberg

Benz died in her village in Ladenburg in 1944, where the workshop of Carl Benz had been built after they had moved there in 1906 and he established a solely family-held business, Benz and Sons. Carl Benz had died in 1929, after the success of Daimler-Benz was assured. Members of the family resided in the home for 25 more years. The Benz home now has been designated as historic and is used as a scientific meeting facility for a nonprofit foundation, the Daimler and Benz Foundation, which aims to promote science and research in order to gain a better understanding of the correlation between man, the environment and technology.[citation needed ]

In 1925 Carl Benz wrote the following in his memoirs: "Only one person remained with me in the small ship of life when it seemed destined to sink. That was my wife. Bravely and resolutely she set the new sails of hope."

Official signpost of Bertha Benz Memorial Route

Bertha Benz monument in Wiesloch, where she made a stop to take in fuel at the city pharmacy, which is now dubbed "the first filling station in the world"

In 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially approved as a route of the industrial heritage of humankind, because it follows Bertha Benz's path during the world's first long-distance journey by automobile in 1888. Now it is possible to follow the 194 km of signs indicating her route from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim ( Black Forest) and back.[citation needed ]

The Bertha Benz Challenge, embedded in the framework of the ceremony of Automobile Summer 2011, the big official German event and birthday party commemorating the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz over 135 years ago, took place on Bertha Benz Memorial Route on 10 and 11 September 2011. It was a globally visible signal for new automobile breakthroughs, and was only open for sustainable mobility - future-oriented vehicles with alternative drive systems, i.e., hybrid and electric, hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, and other extremely economical vehicles. The motto is Bertha Benz Challenge - Sustainable Mobility on the World's Oldest Automobile Road!

On 25 January 2011, Deutsche Welle (DW-TV) broadcast worldwide in its series, Made in Germany, a TV documentary on the invention of the automobile by Carl Benz, highlighting the very important role of his wife, Bertha Benz. The report is not only on the history of the automobile, but takes a look at its future as well, shown by the Bertha Benz Challenge on 10 and 11 September 2011.

The documentary The Car is Born, produced by Ulli Kampelmann, centered on the first road trip by Bertha Benz.

In honor of International Women's Day in 2019, the modern Daimler company commissioned a four-minute advertisement dramatizing portions of Bertha Benz' 1888 journey. The ad was created by Berlin-based ad agency Antoni (the lead European agency for Mercedes-Benz), and directed by Sebastian Strasser via his production company, Anorak Film.

In 2011, a dramatized television movie about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made named , which premiered on 11 May and was aired by Das Erste on 23 May. A trailer of the movie and a "making of" special were released on YouTube.

Louise Sarazin - French businesswoman who played a significant role in early automotive history.

Bibliography

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Bertha Benz (German: [ˈbɛʁtaˈbɛnts] ; née Cäcilie Bertha Ringer; 3 May 1849 - 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Carl Benz.