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Sumer was the first ever civilization to emerge. This civilization emerged in the fertile crescent, or modern day Iraq. According to the text book, " Sumerian civilization likely gave rise to the world's earliest written language."

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Not far after Sumer, the Nile River Vally in North Eastern Africa also experienced the emergence of a civilization. This civilization is famous for pharaohs and pyramids. Egyptian civilization became a unified territorial state.

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Around 3000 BCE, the Norte Chico civilization emerged. Developing on the central coast of Peru, this early civilization was located in the desert and barely received any rain. Fortunately, there were many rivers in the surrounding areas that helped this civilization. Unlike the Mesopotamia and Egyptian civilizations, this Peruvian civilization had a different approach to its agriculture, which lead them to a different lifestyle.

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Now known as Pakistan, the Indus Valley civilization was a lot larger in area, compared to other civilizations. The Indus Valley civilization seemed to be a very well organized place with a lot of common patterns. These patterns consisted of standardized weights, measures, architectural styles, and also the size of bricks. One difference though is that archeologist say there is very little evidence that would show indication of hierarchy.

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According to the book, the early civilization of China was very different fro, the Indus Valley. That being said, this civilization was said to be a monarchy. Similar to Egypt, the civilization of China had a "impressive" community and a "distinct" civilization.

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What is now north Afghanistan, the Oxus civilization contained lots of architecture. For example, there were residential compounds, artisan workshops, and temples. With many forms of advanced technologies, the Oxus civilization was said to have their own cultural style based off their architecture, ceramics, burial techniques, and more.

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Lastly there is the Olmec civilization. Emerging in 1200 BCE, this civilization is in present day southern Mexico. Olmec's agriculture consisted of maize, beans, and squash. Some recent discoveries show that the Olmec civilization could have created the first written language in the Americas. This was said to have happened around 900 BCE.