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Tetanus is a disease caused by bacteria that produces toxins called Clostridium tetani which attacks the nervous system. This disease can sometimes be fatal, with painful systems such as uncontrolled contraction of muscles throughout the body. Tetanus survives through reproduction called endospore, its spore is introduced once it is in a favorable oxygen-environment. They enter into the body by a wound. Once they multiply, the bacteria releases their toxin into the body's bloodstream.
It is a harmful prokaryote.

-Krishna Patel and Cindy Fang

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Prokaryotes Play Important Roles in Animal Nutrition 

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Prokaryotes Play Important Roles in Animal Nutrition 

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Many animals that eat leaves such as rabbits and deer cannot digest cellulose, the principal component of plant cell walls. To consume it there are bacteria that can break down cellulose. These bacteria live in the animal’s digestive systems and let out nutrients for the animals to digest. Many types of food are produced with bacteria, we humans also have bacteria that break down undigested food and liberate nutrients in our intestines. Organisms cannot thrive without bacteria. Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens are the principal cellulose degrading organisms. This type of bacteria is beneficial because with them we can synthesize nutrients that without them we cannot.

- Maycol Mo and Franky Feng

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Some Prokaryotes have an important role with some foods (fermentation). 

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Some Prokaryotes have an important role with some foods (fermentation). 

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Lactic Acid Bacteria
Some Prokaryotes (bacteria) that have an important role with some foods (fermentation) are: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc.
In general, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from several genera, are predominant in fermented foods, but other bacteria also contribute to food fermentations.
Bacteria break down the organic compund and create the products of fermentation, which are organic compounds. The most common organic compound broken down during fermentation is pyruvate.
They are beneficial prokaryotes.
- Carolina Wood and Emmanuel Villarreal

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Many prokaryotes help break down pollutants that are produced by human activity. These pollutants can potentially serve as food for archaea and bacteria. Harmful industrial chemicals such as, benzine and detergents can be broken down by some prokaryotes. Researchers spray oil-soaked beaches with fertilizers that encouraged the growth of natural population of oil-eating bacteria. Though, some bacterias can have slower metabolisms if temperatures are low. The practice of manipulating  conditions to stimulate break down of pollutants by living organisms is known as bioremediation.

An example of a bacteria that helps with breaking down pollutants is Pseudomonas. They are aerobic, rod-shaped bacterias that can use over 100 organic compounds as a source of energy and carbon. Pseudomonas can be both beneficial and harmful. They can cause dangerous infections to humans. But with the help of bioremediation, they are great with cleaning up pollution.

Lorena Aguilar and Bethania He

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Some prokaryotes Are Nature’s Recycler's

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Some prokaryotes Are Nature’s Recycler's

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Prokaryotes play a crucial role in recycling waste. Many prokaryotes obtain energy by breaking down complex organic molecules (molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen). Prokaryotes perform their recycling service wherever organic matter is found. They are important decomposers in lakes and rivers, in the oceans, and in the soil and ground- water of forests, grasslands, deserts, and other terrestrial environments. The recycling of nutrients by prokaryotes and other decomposers provides the raw materials needed for continued life on Earth. These are beneficial prokaryotes because they play a very important role within an ecosystem, as they act as decomposers, recycling nutrients back into the earth and atmosphere, they break down dead organic matter and release carbon dioxide through cellular respiration.
- Esha Melkote and Kent Zou Mo

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The pathogenic prokaryote are that bacterias which causes toxic substances that can eat  many diseases in human bodys, like E. Coli  0157:H7 (Enterohemoryhagic Escherichia coli) it produce toxin called Shiga toxin this causes damage to the lining of the intestinal wall. It is very harmful since it can damage human body by a cause of bloody diarrhea and it results in painful cramping.

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Some prokaryotes capture the Nitrogen needed by Plants

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Some prokaryotes capture the Nitrogen needed by Plants

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Humans could not live without plants, and plants are completely dependent on bacteria. Plants need nitrogen to grow. They depend on nitrogen-fixing bacteria, that live both in the soil and in special nodules. They capture nitrogen from air trapped in the soil and combine it with hydrogen to produce ammonium, a nitrogen nutrient that plants can use directly.
An example of a bacteria is Rhizobium. It is beneficial prokaryote, because it is a soil bacteria that fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

Names: Latifa Saab and Raj Patel

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Borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease is caused by the corkscrew shaped bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterium is carried by deer ticks which transmit the disease from human to human by biting them. This is a harmful pathogenic prokaryote. Some symptoms are chills, fever, body aches similar to a normal flu. It can damaged the heart and nervous system if not treated.

- Anishel Ortiz, Eybis You

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Vibrio cholerae, also known as cholera, is a pathogenic water-transmitted bacterial disease that flourishes when raw sewage contaminates drinking water, food or fishing areas. This causes diarrheal illness that is harmful to humans, because when they drink or eat cholera contaminated food it can be very severe and life-threatening. According to "OMS" there are around 1,3 or 4 million cases of cholera a year.

Kasey Shields and Janisha Vargas.

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https://www.canva.com/design/DAFNulsb484/tjUlfyS0sQvBZVpdr8nC2g/edit?utm_content=DAFNulsb484&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

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Pink White Modern Illustration Biology Infographic (1)

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Plastic eating bacteria and environmental impact

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Plastic eating bacteria and environmental impact

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According to studies, there are more than  353 million tonnes of plastic on the Earth. So what happens to all this plastic? There are three main outcomes. One is that the plastic ends up sitting in landfills. Two is that the plastic is burned or incinerated, but this leads to the release of toxins and hazardous fumes. Three is that the plastic is dumped into the oceans which can harm aquatic animals and may be broken into microplastics which can impact the food chain. Recycling is also an option however, only around 10% of plastic is recycled worldwide indicating a need for a new solution. Scientists from the University of Texas announced they have created a plastic-eating bacteria.

In 2016, a group of researchers in Japan discovered Ideonella sakaiensis. This prokaryote was able to decompose or "eat" polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. However, their discovery was limited as it exclusively degraded PET and did so at a very slow rate. In 2018, scientists in the United States and United Kingdom modified bacteria to degrade plastics within days. In March 2020, German scientists discovered a new strain. In October 2020, the US and UK improved their discovery by combining 2 strains to create the "super enzyme", capable of degrading plastics more efficiently.

Although plastic-eating bacteria are useful in reducing the growth of plastic waste in oceans and landfills which is a good thing. It comes with issues that may affect the environment. Toxins are released as bioproducts by plastic-eating bacteria into the environment. So you may be wondering, the toxins might not even be that bad compared to the plastic accumulation problem that is present. But apparently, these bioproducts are actually potentially harmful to the environment even more than the accumulation of plastic waste and since the bacteria is lab-created, the implications that are caused by the bioproducts are still untested and unknown in the environment.

Made by: Ali Farhat and Caleb Borja